τίνω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=<span class="bibl">Il.3.289</span>, al., (ἀπο-) <span class="title">IG</span>5(1).1390.76 (Andania, i B.C.), etc.: Ion. impf. <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> τίνεσκον <span class="bibl">A.R.2.475</span>: fut. [[τείσω]] (ἐκ-) <span class="title">IG</span>22.412.6 (iv B.C.), (ἀπο-) <span class="title">Epigr.Gr.</span>1132 (Att. vase, iv B.C.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PPetr.</span>3p.55</span> (iii B.C.), <span class="title">IG</span>7.3073.1 (Lebad., ii B.C.), etc.; Cypr. 3sg. πείσει <span class="title">Inscr.Cypr.</span>135.12 H.: aor. [[ἔτεισα]] (ἀπ-) <span class="title">SIG</span>47.15 (Locr., v B.C.), 663.25 (Delos, iii/ii B.C.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PPetr.</span>3p.41</span> (iii B.C.), etc.: freq. written <b class="b3">τίσω ἔτισα</b> in Hellenistic and later Inscrr. and Pap., and in codd. of all authors (fut., <span class="bibl">Od.8.348</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>277</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>113</span>, etc.; aor., <span class="bibl">Od. 24.352</span>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>2.58</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>810</span>, etc.): in Hom. confused (both in codd. and printed texts) with <b class="b3">τίσω ἔτισα</b> fut. and aor. of [[τίω]], and only to be distinguished by the sense: pf. [[τέτεικα]] (ἀπο-) <span class="title">SIG</span>437.6 (Delph., iii B.C.); part. τετεικώς Lyc.765 ([[τετικώς]], [[τεθεικώς]] codd.) (v. [[ἐκτίνω]]):—Med., pres. first in <span class="bibl">Thgn.204</span> (only [[τίνυμαι]] in Hom.): fut. τείσομαι <span class="bibl">Od.13.15</span>, al.: aor. ἐτεισάμην <span class="bibl">3.197</span>, <span class="bibl">15.236</span>, al. (<b class="b3">τισ-</b> codd.):—Pass., aor. ἐξ-ετείσθην <span class="title">IG</span>22.1613.198, <span class="bibl">D.39.15</span>, <span class="bibl">59.7</span>: pf. 3sg. ἐκ-τέτεισται <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>257a</span>, <span class="bibl">D.24.187</span>. [τῑνω (from <b class="b3">*τίνϝω</b>) in Ep., also <span class="bibl">Thgn.204</span>, <span class="bibl">Herod.2.51</span>, <span class="title">AP</span>7.657 (Leon.); τῐνω in Trag., as <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>112</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>635</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>7</span>; also in <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>2.24</span> (Med.) and <span class="bibl">Sol. 13.31</span>; also in some Epigrammatists, as Simm.25.1, <span class="title">AP</span>9.286 (Marc. Arg.).] </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">I</span> Act., [[pay a price]] by way of return or recompense, mostly in bad sense, [[pay]] a penalty, with acc. of the penalty, τ. θωήν <span class="bibl">Od.2.193</span>; τιμήν τινι <span class="bibl">Il.3.289</span>; ποινάς <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>2.58</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>112</span>, <span class="bibl">Theodect. 8.9</span>; δίκην <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>113</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">El.</span>298</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Fr.</span>107.9</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">2 Ep.Thess.</span>1.9</span>, etc.; also <b class="b3">τ. ἴσην</b> (sc. [[δίκην]]) <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>810</span>; διπλῆν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>946e</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ ἥμισυ</b> ib.<span class="bibl">767e</span> ([[si vera lectio|s. v.l.]]); <b class="b3">μείζονα τὴν ἔκτ&lt;ε&gt;ισίν τινι</b> ib.<span class="bibl">933e</span>; <b class="b3">τὴν προσήκουσαν τιμωρίαν</b> ib.<span class="bibl">905a</span>, cf. <span class="title">Trag.Adesp.</span>490:—but also </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> in good sense, [[pay]] a debt, [[acquit oneself of]] an obligation, <b class="b3">ζωάγρια τ</b>. <span class="bibl">Il.18.407</span>; τείσειν αἴσιμα πάντα <span class="bibl">Od.8.348</span>; [[εὐαγγέλιον]] (reward for bringing good news) <span class="bibl">14.166</span>; <b class="b3">τ. χάριν τινί</b> [[render]] one thanks, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>985</span>; τ. γῇ δασμόν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>635</span>; ἰατροῖς μισθόν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.2.54</span>:—also simply, </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">c</span> [[repay]], c. acc. rei, τροφάς τινι <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>109</span>:—in various phrases, <b class="b3">τ. ἀντιποίνους δύας</b> [[repay]] equivalent sorrows, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>268</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">φόνον φόνου ῥύσιον τ</b>. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>959</span>; <b class="b3">αἱμάτων παλαιτέρων τ. μύσος</b> [[send]] one pollution [[in repayment]] for another, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>650</span>(lyr., Lachm., for [[τείνει]]) ; ἀρᾶς τ. χρέος <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ag.</span>457</span> (lyr.).--Constr.: </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> c. acc. of the thing paid or of the thing repaid (v. supr.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> less freq. c. dat., <b class="b3">κράατι τείσεις</b> [[with]] thy head, <span class="bibl">Od.22.218</span>; ψυχῇ <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>277</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> c. dat. of pers. to whom payment is made (v. supr.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> c. dat. of the penalty, τ. θανάτῳ ἅπερ ἦρξεν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1529</span> (anap.); <b class="b3">τύμμα τύμματι</b> ib.<span class="bibl">1430</span> (lyr.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> with [[genitive]] of the thing for which one pays, <b class="b3">τ. ἀμοιβὴν βοῶν τινι</b> [[pay]] him compensation [[for]] the cows, <span class="bibl">Od.12.382</span>; <b class="b3">τ. τινὶ ποινήν τινος</b> [[pay]] one retribution <b class="b2">for . .</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.14</span>, <span class="bibl">7.134</span>; <b class="b3">τ. μητρὸς δίκας</b> [[for]] thy mother, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>531</span>; <b class="b3">ἀντὶ πληγῆς πληγὴν τ</b>. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>313</span> (anap.): also with acc. of the thing for which one pays, the price being omitted, [[pay]] or [[atone for]] a thing, τείσειαν Δαναοὶ ἐμὰ δάκρυα σοῖσι βέλεσσι <span class="bibl">Il.1.42</span>; τ. ὕβριν <span class="bibl">Od.24.352</span>; <b class="b3">τ. φόνον</b> or <b class="b3">λώβην τινός</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.21.134</span>, <span class="bibl">11.142</span>; κακά <span class="bibl">Thgn.735</span>; διπλᾶ δ' ἔτεισαν Πριαμίδαι θἀμάρτια <span class="bibl">A. <span class="title">Ag.</span>537</span>: less freq. c. acc. pers., <b class="b3">τείσεις γνωτὸν τὸν ἔπεφνες</b> [[thou shalt make atonement for]] the brother thou hast slain, <span class="bibl">Il.17.34</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">6</span> abs., [[make return]] or [[requital]], <span class="bibl">Sol.13.29</span>; παθόντα οὐκ ἐπίστασθαι τίνειν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span> 1203</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">230</span> (lyr.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> Med., [[have a price paid one]], [[make]] another [[pay for]] a thing, [[avenge oneself on]] him, [[punish]] him, freq. from Hom. downwards.--Constr.: </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> c. acc. pers., <span class="bibl">Il.2.743</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.3.197</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.10</span>,<span class="bibl">123</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>996</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> c. gen. criminis, <b class="b3">τείσασθαι Ἀλέξανδρον κακότητος</b> [[punish]] him [[for]] his wickedness, <span class="bibl">Il.3.366</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.3.206</span>, <span class="bibl">Thgn. 204</span> (where [[ἀμπλακίης]], [[varia lectio|v.l.]] [[-ίας]]), <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.118</span>, etc.; τ. τινὰ ἐφ' ἁμαρτωλῇ <span class="bibl">Thgn.1248</span>; ὑπέρ τινος <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.27</span>,<span class="bibl">73</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> c. acc. rei, [[take vengeance for]] a thing, <b class="b3">τείσασθαι φόνον, βίην τινός</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.15.116</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.23.31</span>; λώβην <span class="bibl">Il.19.208</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> c. dupl. acc. pers. et rei, <b class="b3">ἐτείσατο ἔργον ἀεικὲς ἀντίθεον Νηλῆα</b> [[he made]] Neleus [[pay for]] the misdeed, [[visited]] it [[on]] his head, <span class="bibl">Od.15.236</span>; Ζεῦ ἄνα, δὸς τείσασθαι, ὅ με πρότερος κάκ' ἔοργε, δῖον Ἀλέξανδρον <span class="bibl">Il.3.351</span>; <b class="b3">τείσασθαί τινα δίκην</b> [[exact]] retribution [[from]] a person, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>1316</span> (dub.l.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> c. dat. modi, <b class="b3">τίνεσθαί τινα ἀγαναῖς ἀμοιβαῖς, φυγῇ</b>, [[repay]] or [[requite]] with... <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>2.24</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span> 638</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">6</span> abs., [[repay oneself]], [[indemnify oneself]], <b class="b3">ἡμεῖς δ' αὖτε ἀγειρόμενοι κατὰ δῆμον τεισόμεθ</b>' <span class="bibl">Od.13.15</span>. (Root <b class="b2">qu̯ǐ-</b> [alternating with <b class="b2">qu̯ei-</b> and <b class="b2">qu̯oi-</b>] 'pay': <b class="b3">τῐ-νϝ-ω, τῐ-σις, τεί-σω</b> [Cypr. <b class="b3">πείσει], ἔ-τει-σα</b> [cf. [[ἀππεισάτου]] [[sub verbo|s.v.]] [[ἀποτίνω], ποι-νή]] ([[quod vide|q.v.]]): Skt. <b class="b2">cáy-ate</b> 'avenge, punish': <b class="b2">ápa-ci-tis</b> 'vengeance':—not related to [[τίω]].)</span>

|ftr='''τίνω''': -ομαι (ion. ι, att. ι),<br />{tínō}<br />'''Forms''': auch [[τείνυμαι]] (Hom., Hes., Hdt.), kret. Ipv. ἀποτεινύτω (V^a), hell. u. sp. (ἀπο-)τείνυμι, -τίννυμι, -[[τιννύω]], ark. ἀπυτειέτω, Aor. τεῖσαι (äol. [[πεῖσαι]]), -ασθαι, Fut. τείσω (kypr. [[πείσει]]), -ομαι (seit Hom.), Pass. Aor. τεισθῆναι, Perf. τέτεισμαι (att.), Akt. τέτεικα (hell.),<br />'''Grammar''': v.<br />'''Meaning''': Akt. [[bezahlen]], [[entrichten]], [[büßen]], Med. ‘(sich) bezahlen od. büßen lassen, bestrafen, sich rächen’.<br />'''Composita''' : auch m. Präfix, bes. ἀπο- und ἐκ- (wozu προσαπο-, προσεκ- u.a.),<br />'''Derivative''': Wenige Ableitungen: [[τίσις]] f. [[Bezahlung]], [[Entschädigung]], [[Buße]], [[Strafe]], [[Rache]] (ep. ion. poet. seit Il.); von [[ἐκτίνω]] : [[ἔκτισις]] (auch -ει- nach τεῖσαι, τείσω), ark. [[ἔστεισις]] f. [[Bezahlung]], [[Büßung]] (att. hell. u. sp.), [[ἔκτεισμα]] n. ib. (Pl., hell.); von [[ἀποτίνω]] : [[ἀπότισις]] f. ‘Rückzahlung (Ath.; vgl. unten), [[ἀπότεισμα]] n. ib. (Amorgos). — Auch τιτυς in Gen. τιτυϝος [[Buße]] (Gortyn; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 32 m. A. 2, Ruijgh L’élém. ach. 109f. m. Lit.); [[τίτας]] dor. für *τίτής m. [[Rächer]], [[rächend]] (A. ''Ch''. 67 [lyr.]), auch Bez. einer Behörde (Gortyn), τίται· εὔποροι, ἢ κατήγοροι [[τῶν]] ἀρχόντων H.; auch [[ἀτίτας]] [[Nichtbüßer]], [[Nichtzahler]] (A. ''Eu''. 256 [lyr.]), s. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 183 f.<br />'''Etymology''' : Aus dem Quantitätswechsel in [[τίνω]], τίνομαι ergibt sich als Grundform ein thematisches Nasalpräsens *τινϝω; daneben das athematische [[τείνυμαι]] (meistens geschr. τιν(ν)-; darüber Wackernagel Unt. 77 ff. mit wichtigen Einzelheiten) mit sekundärer Hochstufe für *τι-νυμαι nach τείσασθαι, τείσομαι; zu den letztgenannten Formen trat ark. ἀπυτειέτω. Die später bezeugten τεισθῆναι, τέτεισμαι, τέτεικα sind Neubildungen. Weiteres bei Schwyzer 642, 685, 697 m. A. 4, 782, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 303 f. — Ein urspr. *τίνυται deckt sich formal mit aind. ''ci''-''nu''-''te'' = idg. *''qʷi''-''nu''-''tai'' (Akt. ''ci''-''no''-''ti''), das indessen erst episch u.zw. im Sinn von [[wahrnehmen]], [[beobachten]] belegt ist. (Über ein anderes ''cinóti'', ''cinuté'' s. [[ποιέω]]). Unter Annahme einer Bed.entwicklung [[wahrnehrnen]], [[beobachten]], [[animadvertere]] > [[rächen]], [[strafen]], verbindet man damit das hochstufige thematische ''cáyate'' [[rächen]], [[strafen]] (wäre gr. *τείεται = idg. *''qʷeietai''; vgl. Akt. ark. ἀπυτειέτω), wozu mit Reduplikation das akt. aw. ''ci''-''kayat̃'' [[soll büßen]], [[ἀποτεινύτω]] (aind. Ind. ''cikéti'' [[nimmt wahr]], [[bemerkt]]). Daneben die dehnstufige Aktivform ''cā́yati'' [[wahrnehmen]], [[beobachten]], [[Scheu]], [[Besorgnis haben]] das zu [[τίω]] [[ehren]] (s.d.) eine Brücke schlagen kann (vgl. noch [[τηρέω]]). Hochstufige außerpräs. Formen, die rein strukturell an τείσω, τείσασθαι erinnern, sind aind. Fut. ''ceṣyati'', Aor. ''aceṣṭa'' (ep. klass.). Altes Erbgut kann stecken in [[τίσις]] (s. oben) = aind. ''ápa''-''citi''- f. [[Vergeltung]], idg. *(''apo''-)''qʷi''-''ti''-. — Für weitere Diskussion s. [[τίω]] und [[ποινή]].<br />'''Page''' 2,902-903