ψῆφος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=Dor. ψᾶφος, Aeol. ψᾶφαξ, ἡ, gen. pl. <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> ψηφάων <span class="bibl">Man.4.448</span>: (ψάω):—<b class="b2">a small round worn stone, pebble</b>, ψᾶφος ἑλισσομένα <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span> 10(11).9</span>; <b class="b3">οὐκ ἂν εἰδείην λέγειν ποντιᾶν ψάφων ἀριθμόν</b> ib.<span class="bibl">13.46</span>; <b class="b3">ψήφῳ μούνῃ διατετρανέεις</b>, opp. <b class="b3">μόγις ἂν λίθῳ παίσας διαρρήξειας</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt. 3.12</span>; <b class="b3">ψ. ἄμμου</b> a <b class="b2">grain</b> of sand, <span class="bibl">LXX<span class="title">Si.</span>18.10</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">precious stone, gem</b>, <span class="bibl">Philostr.<span class="title">VA</span>3.27</span>; esp. worn in a ring, <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">DMeretr.</span>9</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> acc. to the various uses made of such pebbles: </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">1</span> <b class="b2">pebble used for reckoning, counter</b>, <b class="b3">λογίζεσθαι ψήφοις</b> calculate or reckon by <b class="b2">abacus, cipher</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.36</span>, etc.: hence to reckon <b class="b2">exactly</b> or <b class="b2">accurately</b>, opp. <b class="b3">ἀπὸ χειρὸς λ</b>., <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>656</span> (anap.); οὐ τιθεὶς ψήφους <span class="bibl">D.18.229</span>; ἐν ψήφῳ λέγειν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>570</span>; ἐν ψήφου λόγῳ θέσθαι <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Rh.</span> 309</span>: metaph., ταῖς τοῦ συμφέροντος ψήφοις μετρεῖν τὰς ἔχθρας καὶ τὰς φιλίας <span class="bibl">Plb.2.47.5</span>: hence <b class="b3">ψῆφος</b> itself for a <b class="b2">cipher, number</b>, <b class="b3">πὸτ ἄρτιον</b> (sc. <b class="b3">ἀριθμὸν</b>) ποτθέμειν . . ψᾶφον <span class="bibl">Epich.170</span>: pl., <b class="b2">accounts</b>, <b class="b3">καθαραὶ ψ</b>., where there is an exact balance, <span class="bibl">D.18.227</span>; οἱ περὶ τὰς ψ. <b class="b2">calculators</b>, <span class="bibl">Alciphr.1.26</span>; ψήφων ἄπειρος Plu.2.812e; <b class="b3">δακτυλικὴ ψ</b>. <b class="b2">reckoning</b> on the fingers, <span class="title">AP</span>11.290 (Pall.); of astrological <b class="b2">calculations</b>, <span class="bibl">Vett.Val.10.15</span>, al. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> in Magic, <b class="b3">κατέχων τὴν ψ</b>. (i. e. the object on which the <b class="b2">number</b> is written) <b class="b3">λέγε</b> . . <span class="title">PMag.Par.</span>1.1048, cf. 937. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">pebble used for a draughts-</b> or <b class="b2">chess-man</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>487c</span>; κύβος ἐν παιδιᾷ ψήφων Plu.2.427f. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b2">pebble</b> used by jugglers, ψηφάων παῖκται <span class="bibl">Man.4.448</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">pebble used in divination</b>, ἡ διὰ ψήφων μαντική <span class="bibl">Apollod.3.10.2</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b2">cube</b> used in mosaic pavements, <span class="bibl">Gal.<span class="title">Protr.</span>8</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b2">pebble used in voting</b>, ψήφῳ ψηφίζεσθαι <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.55</span>; ἐὰν μὴ τῇ ψ . . . ψηφίσωνται κρύβδην ψηφιζόμενοι <span class="bibl">D.59.89</span>: hence, <b class="b2">the vote</b> itself, <b class="b3">ψῆφον φέρειν</b> give <b class="b2">one's vote</b>, ἐν καρδίᾳ ψ. φέροντες <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>680</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">And.1.2</span>, <span class="bibl">D.57.61</span>, etc.; ὑπέρ τινος <span class="bibl">Lycurg.7</span>; περί τινος <span class="bibl">Id.11</span>, etc.; ψήφου φορά <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Supp.</span>484</span>; <b class="b3">ψῆφον τίθεσθαι</b>, = [[ψηφίζεσθαι]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.123</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">6.57</span>; εἰς τεῦχος . . ψήφους ἔθεντο <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>816</span>; c. inf., <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.73</span>; ψ. προσθέσθαι <span class="bibl">Th.1.40</span>; <b class="b3">ψήφῳ διαιρεῖν</b> to determine <b class="b2">by vote</b>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>630</span>; <b class="b3">ψήφῳ κρίνειν</b>, <span class="bibl">Th.1.87</span>, etc.; μεταλαβὼν τὸ πέμπτον μέρος τῶν ψ. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>36b</span>, cf. Lex ap.<span class="bibl">D.21.47</span>: in collect. sense, <b class="b3">ἐχρῆν . . ψ. περὶ αὐτοῦ γενέσθαι</b> <b class="b2">a vote</b> is taken, <span class="bibl">Antipho 5.47</span>; ἡ καθαιροῦσα ψ. <span class="bibl">Lys.13.37</span>; ἡ σῴζουσα ψ. <span class="bibl">D.19.66</span>; <b class="b3">οἷς ἂν πλείστη γένηται ψ</b>. a majority <b class="b2">of votes</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>759d</span>: <b class="b3">τὴν ψῆφον ἐπάγειν</b> to put <b class="b2">the vote</b> or <b class="b2">question</b>, of the president, <span class="bibl">Th.1.119</span>, <span class="bibl">125</span>; ψῆφον δοῦναι περί τινος <span class="title">IG</span>22.222.24, cf. <span class="bibl">D.21.188</span>; ψ. ἀναδοὺς περί τινος <span class="bibl">App.<span class="title">BC</span>1.100</span>; so ψ. περὶ ἡμῶν ὑπὲρ ἀνδραποδισμοῦ προτεθεῖσαν <span class="bibl">D.19.65</span>; <b class="b3">διένεμον</b> (vv. ll. <b class="b3">διενέμοντο, ἔφερον</b>) <b class="b3"> τὰς ψ</b>. were casting their <b class="b2">votes</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.123</span>; <b class="b3">ὑπὸ ψήφου μιᾶς</b> with one <b class="b2">accord</b>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Lys.</span>270</span>; <b class="b3">ψ. φανερά</b> open <b class="b2">voting</b>, ψ. φανερὰν διενεγκεῖν <span class="bibl">Th.4.74</span>; τὴν ψ. οὐκ εἰς καδίσκους ἀλλὰ φανερὰν ἐπὶ τὰς τραπέζας τίθεσθαι <span class="bibl">Lys.13.37</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>767d</span>, <span class="bibl">855d</span>; opp. <b class="b3">ψ. ἀφανής</b> <b class="b2">voting</b> by ballot, <span class="bibl">Aeschin.3.233</span>; κρύβδην τὴν ψ. φέρειν <span class="bibl">Arist. <span class="title">Rh.Al.</span>1433a23</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">1424b2</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ath.</span>69.1</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b2">that which is carried by vote, a vote</b>, <b class="b3">ψ. καταγνώσεως</b> <b class="b2">a vote</b> of condemnation, <span class="bibl">Th.3.82</span>; <b class="b3">ψῆφος αὐτῷ ἐπῆκτο περὶ φυγῆς</b> <b class="b2">a vote</b> of banishment was moved for against him, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>7.7.57</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>198</span>; ψήφῳ πόλεως γνωσθεῖσαι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Supp.</span>7</span> (anap.):—hence, </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">c</span> <b class="b2">any resolve</b> or <b class="b2">decree</b>, ψ. τυράννων <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>60</span>; <b class="b3">λιθίνα ψᾶφος</b> <b class="b2">a decree</b> written on stone, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>7.87</span>; <b class="b3">διδοῖ ψᾶφον περ' αὐτᾶς</b> [the oak] gives <b class="b2">judgement</b> of itself, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">P.</span>4.265</span>; <b class="b3">ψ. φλεγυρὰ βροτῶν</b>, i. e. <b class="b2">public opinion</b>, <span class="bibl">Cratin.57</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">τίν' ἂν ψῆφον θεῖο;</b> what <b class="b2">judgment</b> . . ? <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>330c</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">R.</span>450a</span>; ἡ ἐμὴ ψ. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Phlb.</span> 57a</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">d</span> <b class="b3">Ἀθηνᾶς ψ</b>., <b class="b2">calculus Minervae</b>, prov. phrase to express <b class="b2">acquittal</b>, when the votes were even, <span class="bibl">Philostr.<span class="title">VS</span>2.3</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">e</span> <b class="b3">ψ</b>. is sts. omitted, κἂν ἴσαι γένωνται <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>685</span> (lyr.); πάσαις κρατεῖν Luc.<b class="b2">Bis Acc</b>.18, cf. 22. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">f</span> <b class="b3">Διὸς ψῆφος</b> (ψῆφοι Hsch.), prov. <b class="b3">ἐπὶ τῶν ἱερῶν καὶ ἀθίκτων</b>, of the scene of contest betw. Athena and Poseidon, Suid., etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">g</span> <b class="b3">Κόννου ψ</b>., <b class="b2">negligible quantity, cipher</b>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>675</span> (anap.), cf. <b class="b3">Κοννᾶς</b>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">6</span> <b class="b2">place of voting, tribunal</b>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IT</span>945</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">El.</span> 1263</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">7</span> metaph., <b class="b2">influence</b>, πόλις μεγάλην ψ. ἔχουσα <span class="bibl">Lib.<span class="title">Or.</span>18.13</span>.</span>