ξύλον: Difference between revisions

|Definition=[ῠ], τό (pl. spelt <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> ξύλεα <b class="b2">Abh. Berl. Akad</b>. 1928(6).32 (Cos, v B. C.)), [[wood]] cut and ready for use, [[firewood]], [[timber]], etc., Hom., mostly in plural, <span class="bibl">Il.8.507</span>,<span class="bibl">547</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.14.418</span>; <b class="b3">ξ. νήϊα</b> ship-[[timber]], <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span> 808</span>; ξ. ναυπηγήσιμα <span class="bibl">Th.7.25</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>6.4.4</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>706b</span>, <span class="bibl">D.17.28</span>; <b class="b3">ξ. τετράγωνα</b> [[logs]] cut square, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.186</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>325d</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span> 1109b7</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> in plural, also, [[the wood-market]], ἐπὶ ξύλα ἰέναι <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Fr.</span> 403</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> in sg., [[piece of wood]], [[log]], [[beam]], [[post]], once in Hom., ξ. αὖον… ἢ δρυὸς ἢ πεύκης <span class="bibl">Il.23.327</span>; <b class="b3">ξ. σύκινον</b> [[spoon made of]] fig [[wood]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Hp.Ma.</span>291c</span>; [[peg]] or [[lever]], <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">MA</span>701b9</span>; [[perch]], ἐπὶ ξύλου καθεύδειν <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>1431</span>: by poet. periphr., Ἀργοῦς ξύλον <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Fr.</span>20</span>; <b class="b3">ἵπποιο κακὸν ξ</b>., of the Trojan horse, <span class="title">AP</span>9.152 (Agath.): hence anything made of wood, as, </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[cudgel]], [[club]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.63</span>,<span class="bibl">4.180</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Lys.</span>357</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PHal.</span>1.187</span> (iii B.C.); μετὰ ξύλων εἰσπηδῆσαι <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PTeb.</span>304.10</span> (ii A.D.); ξύλοις συντρίψειν <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Demon.</span>50</span>; of the [[club]] of Heracles, <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Lyc.</span>30</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> [[an instrument of punishment]], </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">a</span> [[wooden collar]], put on the neck of the prisoner, ξύλῳ φιμοῦν τὸν αὐχένα <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>592</span>; ἐς τετρημένον ξ. ἐγκαθαρμόσαι… τὸν αὐχένα <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Lys.</span>680</span>; or, </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> [[stocks]], in which the feet were confined, <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.37</span>, <span class="bibl">6.75</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>367</span>, <span class="bibl">D.18.129</span>; ξ. ἐφέλκειν <span class="bibl">Polyzel.3</span>; ἐν τῷ ξ. δεδέσθαι <span class="bibl">Lys.10.16</span> (v. [[ποδοκάκκη]]), cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Act.Ap.</span>16.24</span>, <span class="title">OGI</span>483.181 (Pergam., ii A.D.): also in plural, ἔδησεν ἐν τοῖς ξ. <span class="bibl">And.1.45</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">c</span> <b class="b3">πεντεσύριγγον ξύλον</b> (v. sub voc.) was a combination of both, with holes for the neck, arms, and legs, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>1049</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">d</span> [[gallows]], κρεμάσαι τινὰ ἐπὶ ξύλου <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">De.</span>21.22</span>; <b class="b3">ξ. δίδυμον</b> ib.<span class="bibl"><span class="title">Jo.</span>8.29</span>: [[proverb|prov.]], <b class="b3">ἐξ ἀξίου τοῦ ξύλου κἂν ἀπάγξασθαι</b>, i.e. if one must be hanged, at least let it be on a noble tree, <span class="title">App.Prov.</span>2.67, cf. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>736</span>; in [[NT]], of the [[cross]], Act.Ap.5.30,10.39. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">e</span> [[stake]] on which criminals were impaled, <span class="bibl">Alex.222.10</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> [[bench]], [[table]], esp. [[money-changer's table]], <span class="bibl">D.45.33</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b3">πρῶτον ξύλον</b> front [[bench]] in the Athenian theatre, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>25</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">V.</span>90</span>, cf. Sch.adlocc.: hence <b class="b3">οὑπὶ τῶν ξύλων</b> the official who had to take care of the [[seats]], <span class="bibl">Hermipp.9</span> (according to Meineke). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">6</span> the Hippocratic [[bench]], <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Fract.</span>13</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Art.</span>72</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> of live wood, [[tree]], [ὄρος] δασὺ πολλοῖς καὶ παντοδαποῖς καὶ μεγάλοις ξύλοις <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>6.4.5</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Call.<span class="title">Cer.</span>41</span>, <span class="bibl">Agatharch.55</span>, <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Ca.</span>2.3</span>, al.: opp. [[σάρξ]], <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>1.2.6</span>,al.; τῷ ξ. τοῦ δένδρου ἀνάλογον τὴν λεγομένην εἶναι γῆν <span class="bibl">Plot.6.7.11</span>; τὸ ξ. τῆς ἀμπέλου <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Cyc.</span>572</span>; <b class="b3">εἴρια ἀπὸ ξύλου</b>, of cotton, <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.47</span>; εἵματα ἀπὸ ξύλων πεποιημένα <span class="bibl">Id.7.65</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">Poll.7.75</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">IV</span> of persons, [[blockhead]], APl.4.187; of a stubborn person, σίδηρός τις ἢ ξ. πρὸς τὰς δεήσεις <span class="bibl">Ach.Tat.5.22</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">V</span> [[a measure oflength]], = <span class="bibl">3</span> (also <span class="bibl">2</span> <span class="bibl">2</span>/<span class="bibl">3</span>) cubits, the side of the [[ναύβιον]], Hero ''*Geom''.23.4,11, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>669.11</span>,<span class="bibl">28</span> (iii A.D.), <span class="bibl">1053</span> (vi/vii A.D.).</span>