res: Difference between revisions

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|lshtext=<b>rēs</b>: rei (rēi [[with]] e [[long]];<br /><b>I</b> gen., Lucr. 2, 112; 548; 6, 918; dat., id. 1, 688; 2, 236; rei, gen., monosyl. at the [[end]] of the [[verse]], Lucr. 3, 918; and in the [[middle]] of the [[verse]], id. 4, 885, and Poët. ap. Lact. 6, 6), f. etym. dub.; perh. [[root]] ra- of [[reor]], [[ratus]]; cf. Germ. Ding; Engl. [[thing]], from denken, to [[think]]; [[prop]]., [[that]] [[which]] is [[thought]] of; cf. also [[λόγος]],> Lid. and Scott, 9, a [[thing]], [[object]], [[being]]; a [[matter]], [[affair]], [[event]], [[fact]], [[circumstance]], [[occurrence]], [[deed]], [[condition]], [[case]], etc.; and [[sometimes]] [[merely]] = [[something]] (cf.: [[causa]], [[ratio]], [[negotium]]).<br /><b>I</b> In gen.: [[unde]] initum [[primum]] capiat res quaeque movendi, Lucr. 1, 383; cf. id. 1, 536: in partes res quaeque minutas Distrahitur, id. 2, 826: [[summe]] Sol, qui omnes res inspicis, Enn. ap. Prob. Verg. E. 6, 31 (Trag. v. 321 Vahl.): [[versus]], quos ego de Rerum Naturā pangere [[conor]], Lucr. 1, 25; cf. id. 1, 126; 5, 54: rerum [[natura]] [[creatrix]], id. 2, 1117: divinarum humanarumque rerum, tum initiorum causarumque cujusque rei [[cognitio]], Cic. Tusc. 5, 3, 7 (v. [[divinus]]): haeret haec res, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 182: [[profecto]], ut [[loquor]], ita res est, id. ib. 2, 1, 19: [[haud]] [[mentior]], resque uti facta [[dico]], id. ib. 2, 1, 23: de Alcumenā ut rem teneatis rectius, id. ib. prol. 110: in tantis rebus (sc. in re publicā defendendā), Cic. Rep. 1, 3, 4 et saep.: quo Averna vocantur nomine, id ab re Impositum est, [[quia]] sunt avibus contraria cunctis, from the [[nature]] of the [[thing]], Lucr. 6, 740; cf. id. 6, 424; Liv. 1, 17: si res postulabit, the [[condition]] of the [[case]], Cic. Lael. 13, 44: [[scaena]] rei totius haec, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 11, 3: fugam in se [[nemo]] convertitur Nec recedit [[loco]], [[quin]] [[statim]] rem gerat, does his [[duty]], stands his [[ground]], Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 84; so, res gerere, v. [[gero]]; [[hence]], [[too]], rerum [[scriptor]], for a [[historian]], v. [[scriptor]], and cf. II. H. [[infra]].—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> With adj. of [[quality]], to [[express]] [[condition]], etc.: [[illic]] [[homo]] a me sibi malam rem arcessit, is [[bringing]] a [[bad]] [[business]] on [[himself]], Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 171; so, res [[mala]], a [[wretched]] [[condition]], Sall. C. 20, 13; and [[more]] freq. in plur.: bonis tuis rebus meas res irrides malas, circumstances, [[condition]], Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 45; id. Rud. 3, 3, 12: res secundae, [[good]] [[fortune]], Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 30; cf. Liv. 3, 9: res prosperae, Nep. [[Dion]], 6, 1; id. Eum. 5, 1: in secundissimis rebus, Cic. Off. 1, 26, 91: adversae res, id. ib. 1, 26, 90; Hor. S. 2, 2, 136; 2, 8, 73: res belli adversae, Liv. 10, 6: res dubiae, Sall. C. 10, 2; 39, 3; Liv. 2, 50; 7, 30; v. [[bonus]], [[florens]], [[salvus]], [[adversus]], [[dubius]], [[novus]], [[arduus]], etc.— Freq. in curses, etc.: in malam rem, go to the [[bad]], Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 37; id. And. 2, 1, 17: malam rem [[hinc]] [[ibis]]? id. Eun. 3, 3, 30.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>C</b> With an adj. in a [[periphrasis]]: abhorrens ab re uxoriā, [[matrimony]], Ter. And. 5, 1, 10: in arbitrio rei uxoriae, [[dowry]], Cic. Off. 1, 15, 61: rem divinam [[nisi]] compitalibus ... ne faciat, a [[religious]] [[act]], [[act]] of [[worship]], a [[sacrifice]], [[Cato]], R. R. 5, 4: bellicam rem administrari majores nostri [[nisi]] [[auspicato]] noluerunt, Cic. Div. 2, 36, 76; Hor. C. 4, 3, 6: erat ei pecuaria res ampla et [[rustica]], Cic. Quint. 3, 12: res [[rustica]], [[agriculture]]: rei rusticae [[libro]] [[primo]], Col. 11, 1, 2; id. 1, praef. § 19: [[liber]], quem de rebus rusticis scripsi, Cic. Sen. 15, 54: [[navalis]] rei certamina, [[naval]] battles, Amm. 26, 3, 5: res [[militaris]], Cic. Rab. Post. 1, 2: rei [[militaris]] [[gloria]], id. Mur. 9, 22; Nep. Milt. 8, 4: res frumentaria, [[forage]], Caes. B. C. 3, 16; id. B. G. 1, 23; 4, 7: armatae rei scientissimus, Amm. 25, 4, 7: [[peritus]] aquariae rei, id. 28, 2, 2: res judicaria, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 12, § 31: res ludicra, [[play]], Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 180: uti rebus veneriis, Cic. Sen. 14, 47; Nep. Alc. 11, 4: res Veneris, Lucr. 2, 173; Ov. R. Am. 431; v. also [[familiaris]], judiciaria, [[militaris]], [[navalis]], etc., and cf. II. G. [[infra]]. —<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>D</b> With pronouns or adjectives, as an [[emphatic]] periphrase for the neutr.: ibi me inclamat Alcumena: jam ea res me horrore afficit, this [[now]], Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 16; cf.: De. Estne hoc, ut [[dico]]? Li. Rectam instas viam: Ea res est, it is [[even]] so, id. As. 1, 1, 40: de fratre [[confido]] ita esse ut [[semper]] volui. Multa signa sunt ejus rei, of it, Cic. Att. 1, 10, 5: quos (μελιττῶνας) alii μελιττοτροφεῖα appellant, eandem rem [[quidam]] mellaria. Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 12: sunt ex te quae scitari [[volo]], Quarum rerum, etc., Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 13; cf. Caes. B. G. 3, 4: quibus de rebus [[quoniam]] nobis contigit ut aliquid essemus consecuti, Cic. Rep. 1, 8, 13: quā [[super]] re interfectum esse Hippotem dixisti? Pac. ap. Fest. s. v. [[superescit]], p. 244: resciscet Amphitruo rem omnem, [[every]] [[thing]], all, Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 30: nulla res tam delirantes homines concinat [[cito]], [[nothing]], id. Am. 2, 2, 96; cf.: [[neque]] est ulla res, in quā, etc., Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12; 1, 5, 9; cf. also: sumptu ne parcas ullā in re, [[quod]] ad valetudinem [[opus]] [[sit]], id. Fam. 16, 4, 2: magna res [[principio]] [[statim]] [[bello]], a [[great]] [[thing]], a [[great]] [[advantage]], Liv. 31, 23 fin.: nil admirari [[prope]] res est una Solaque, quae, etc., the [[only]] [[thing]], [[only]] [[means]], Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 1 et saep. — Emphatically [[with]] [[sup]].: [[scilicet]] rerum facta est pulcherrima [[Roma]], the [[most]] [[beautiful]] [[thing]] in the [[world]], Verg. G. 2, 534; Quint. 1, 12, 16 Spald. p. 81. — Of persons, etc.: est [[genus]] hominum, qui esse primos se omnium rerum volunt, Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 17: [[maxime]] rerum, Ov. H. 9, 107; cf.: maxima rerum [[Roma]], Verg. A. 7, 602; Ov. M. 13, 508: fortissima rerum animalia, id. ib. 12, 502: pulcherrime rerum, id. H. 4, 125; id. A. A. 1, 213; id. M. 8, 49: dulcissime rerum, Hor. S. 1, 9, 4.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>E</b> In adverb. phrases: e re natā [[melius]] fieri [[haud]] potuit, [[after]] [[what]] has happened, Ter. Ad. 3, 1, 8: pro re natā, according to circumstances, Cic. Att. 7, 8, 2; 14, 6, 1: pro tempore et pro re, Caes. B. G. 5, 8: factis [[benignus]] pro re, according to circumstances, Liv. 7, 33, 3; Sall. J. 50, 2: pro re pauca loquar, Verg. A. 4, 337; Lucr. 6, 1280: ex re et ex tempore, Cic. Fam. 12, 19, 3: e re respondi, Cat. 10, 8.<br /><b>II</b> In partic.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> Pregn., an [[actual]] [[thing]], the [[thing]] itself, [[reality]], [[truth]], [[fact]]; opposed to [[appearance]], [[mere]] [[talk]], the [[mere]] [[name]] of a [[thing]]: [[ecastor]], re [[experior]], quanti facias uxorem tuam, Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 10: desiste dictis [[nunc]] jam miseram me consolari: Nisi [[quid]] re [[praesidium]] apparas, etc., id. Rud. 3, 3, 21: rem ipsam loqui. Ter. And. 1, 2, 31: rem fabulari, Plaut. Trin 2, 4, 87: [[nihil]] est aliud in re, in [[fact]], Liv. 10, 8, 11 Weissenb. ad loc.: se ipsa res aperit, Nep. Paus. 3, 7: ex re decerpere [[fructus]], Hor. S. 1, 2, 79; opp. [[verbum]], vox, [[opinio]], [[spes]], [[nomen]], etc.: rem [[opinor]] spectari oportere, non verba, Cic. Tusc. 5, 11, 32; cf.: te [[rogo]], ut rem potiorem oratione ducas, [[Matius]] ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 5: non [[modo]] res omnes, sed [[etiam]] rumores cognoscamus, Cic. Att. 5, 5, 1: qui hos deos non re, sed opinione esse dicunt, id. N. D. 3, 21, 53: Peripateticos et Academicos nominibus differentes, re congruentes, id. Ac. 2, 5, 15: [[quod]] nos honestum, [[illi]] vanum ... verbis [[quam]] re probabilius vocant, Quint. 3, 8, 22; Sen. Ep. 120, 9: eum, [[tametsi]] verbo non audeat, [[tamen]] re ipsā de maleficio suo confiteri, id. Rosc. Am. 42, 123; cf. Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 15: vides [[quantum]] distet [[argumentatio]] tua ab re ipsā [[atque]] a veritate, Cic. Rosc. Am. 15, 44. — Hence, abl. [[sing]]., [[often]] strengthened by verā ([[sometimes]] as one [[word]], reverā), in [[fact]], [[really]], in [[truth]], [[indeed]], in [[reality]]: haec [[ille]], si verbis non audet, re [[quidem]] verā [[palam]] loquitur, Cic. Quint. 17, 56; so, re [[quidem]] verā, id. Clu. 19, 54; id. Sest. 7, 15: re [[autem]] verā, id. Fam. 1, 4, 2; and [[simply]] re verā, id. Quint. 2, 7; id. Div. 2, 54, 110; id. Balb. 3, 7: re verāque, Lucr. 2, 48; cf.: et re verā, [[indeed]], in [[fact]], Cic. Fam. 3, 5, 1; Liv. 33, 11, 3; 35, 31, 12; 36, 6, 1; Nep. Ages. 2, 3; id. Phoc. 3, 3; Curt. 3, 13, 5; 4, 16, 19; Val. Max. 9, 13, ext. 1; Just. 5, 1, 8; 12, 13, 10; Plin. Ep. 6, 33, 1.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> Effects, [[substance]], [[property]], possessions: mihi Chrysalus Perdidit filium, me [[atque]] rem omnem Meam, Plaut. Bacch. 5, 1, 26; cf.: Ph. Habuitne rem? Ly. Habuit. Ph. Qui eam perdidit ... Mercaturamne an venales habuit, ubi rem perdidit? id. Trin. 2, 2, 49 sq.: quibus et re salvā et perditā profueram, Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 27: rem [[talentum]] [[decem]], id. Phorm. 2, 3, 46; Juv. 3, 16: avidior ad rem, Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 51: rem facere, to [[make]] [[money]], Cic. Att. 2, 2, 12: res eos jampridem, [[fides]] deficere [[nuper]] coepit, id. Cat. 2, 5, 10: qui duo patrimonia accepisset remque [[praeterea]] bonis et honestis rationibus auxisset, id. Rab. Post. 14, 38: libertino natum patre et in tenui re, in [[narrow]] circumstances, Hor. Ep. 1, 20, 20 et saep.; v. also [[familiaris]].— In plur.: quantis opibus, quibus de rebus, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 19, 44 (Trag. v. 396 Vahl.): privatae res, Cic. Att. 9, 7, 5.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Hence, [[law]] t. t., [[whatever]] [[may]] be the [[subject]] of a [[right]], [[whether]] [[corporeal]] or [[incorporeal]] (v. Sandars, Introd. to Just. Inst. p. 42 sqq.): res corporales, Just. Inst. 2, 2, 1 sq.; Gai. Inst. 2, 12; Dig. 1, 8, 1: res in patrimonio, res [[extra]] [[patrimonium]], Just. Inst. 2, 1 pr.; Gai. Inst. 2, 1: res sanctae, Just. Inst. 2, 1, 10; v. also [[mancipium]], [[privatus]], etc.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>C</b> Benefit, [[profit]], [[advantage]], [[interest]], [[weal]]: res [[magis]] quaeritur, [[quam]], etc., Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 6: [[melius]] [[illi]] consulas [[quam]] rei tuae, id. Cist. 1, 1, 98: haec tuā re feceris, to [[your]] [[advantage]], id. Capt. 2, 2, 46.— Most freq. [[with]] the prepositions in, ex, ob, ab, etc.: [[quasi]] [[istic]] [[minor]] mea res agatur [[quam]] tua, is [[interested]], [[affected]], Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 113 (v. [[ago]]): si in rem tuam esse videatur, Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 2: vide si hoc in rem deputas, id. ib. 3, 3, 19: [[quod]] in rem recte conducat tuam, id. Capt. 2, 3, 26: si in remst utrique, Ter. And. 3, 3, 14: [[quid]] mihi [[melius]] est, [[quid]] [[magis]] in rem est, [[quam]]? etc., [[useful]], Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 1: [[tamen]] in rem [[fore]] credens universos adpellare, Sall. C. 20, 1: omnia quae in rem videbantur esse, Curt. 6, 2, 21: ad conparanda ea quae in rem erant, Liv. 30, 4, 6: imperat quae in rem sunt, id. 26, 44, 7; 22, 3, 2: ex tuā re non est, ut ego emoriar, for [[your]] [[advantage]], Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 102: An. Non [[pudet]] Vanitatis? Do. Minime, dum ob rem, to the [[purpose]], [[with]] [[advantage]], Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 41: ob rem facere, [[usefully]], [[with]] [[advantage]] or [[profit]], Sall. J. 31, 5: [[subdole]] blanditur, ab re Consulit [[blandiloquentulus]], [[contrary]] to his [[interest]], i. e. to his [[injury]], Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 12 Brix ad loc.: [[haud]] id est ab re aucupis, id. As. 1, 3, 71: haec [[haud]] ab re duxi referre, Liv. 8, 11, 1: non ab re esse Quinctio [[visum]] est interesse, etc., id. 35, 32, 6; Plin. 27, 8, 35, § 57; Suet. Aug. 94; Gell. 18, 4, 6; 1, 26, 4; Macr. S. 1, 4, 19.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>D</b> Cause, [[reason]], [[ground]], [[account]]; [[only]] in the [[connection]] eā (hac) re, and eam ob rem, adverb., [[therefore]], on [[that]] [[account]]: eā re tot res sunt, ubi [[bene]] deicias, [[Cato]], R. R. 158, 2: hac re nequeunt ex omnibus omnia gigni, Quod, etc., Lucr. 1, 172; cf.: illud eā re a se esse concessum, [[quod]], etc., Cic. Ac. 2, 34, 111: patrem exoravi, [[tibi]] ne noceat, neu [[quid]] ob eam rem succenseat, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 39; cf.: [[quoi]] rei? for [[what]] [[purpose]]? id. As. 3, 2, 43; id. Poen. 2, 3, 3.—Hence (by uniting [[into]] one [[word]]) the causal adverbs [[quare]] and [[quamobrem]], v. h. vv.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>E</b> An [[affair]], [[matter]] of [[business]], [[business]]: cum et de societate [[inter]] se [[multa]] communicarent et de totā illā ratione [[atque]] re Gallicanā, Cic. Quint. 4, 15: rem cum [[aliquo]] transigere, id. Clu. 13, 39. — Hence, transf., in gen.: res alicui est cum [[aliquo]], to [[have]] to do [[with]] [[any]] one, Cic. Rosc. Am. 30, 84; id. Sest. 16, 37; id. Fam. 9, 20, 2; Caes. B. G. 7, 77; cf.: famigeratori res [[sit]] cum [[damno]] et [[malo]], Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 182 Brix ad loc.— Also [[without]] a dat.: [[quoniam]] cum senatore res est, Cic. Fam. 13, 26, 3; esp., in mal. [[part]].: rem habere cum [[aliquo]] or aliquā, to [[have]] to do [[with]] [[any]] one, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 35; id. Merc. 3, 1, 37; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 39; 58. —Ellipt.: jam [[biennium]] est, [[quom]] [[mecum]] rem coepit, Plaut. Merc. 3, 1, 15. —<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>F</b> A [[case]] in [[law]], a [[lawsuit]], [[cause]], [[suit]] ([[more]] gen. [[than]] [[causa]]): ubi res prolatae sunt, Plaut. Capt. 1, 1, 10: res agi, id. Men. 4, 2, 19; id. Aul. 3, 4, 13: quibus res erat in controversiā, ea vocabatur lis, Varr. L. L. 7, § 93; cf. (prob. in [[allusion]] to this [[legal]] form): tot homines ... statuere non potuisse, [[utrum]] diem [[tertium]] an perendinum ... rem an litem dici oporteret, Cic. Mur. 12, 27; cf. also: quarum rerum litium causarum condixit [[pater]] [[patratus]], etc., an [[ancient]] [[formula]], Liv. 1, 32: de rebus ab [[aliquo]] cognitis judicatisque dicere, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 48, § 118: pecunias capere ob rem judicandam, id. Fin. 2, 16, 54: si res certabitur [[olim]], Hor. S. 2, 5, 27; 1, 10, 15; 1, 9, 41; id. Ep. 1, 16, 43: tractu temporis futurum, ut res pereat, Dig. 3, 3, 12: rem differre, ib. 43, 30, 3: res judicata dicitur, quae finem controversiarum pronuntiatione judicis accipit, ib. 42, 1, 1 et saep.—<br /> An [[affair]], esp. a [[battle]], [[campaign]], [[military]] operations; in [[phrase]] rem (or res) gerere: res [[gesta]] virtute, Cic. Fin. 5, 23, 66: ut res [[gesta]] est ordine narrare, Ter. Ad. 3, 5, 3: his rebus gestis, Caes. B. G. 5, 8: res gerere, Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 33: rem [[bene]] gerere, id. ib. 1, 8, 1; Ter. Ad. 5, 1, 13: [[comminus]] rem gerunt, Caes. B. G. 5, 44: res gestae, Hor. Ep. 1, 3, 7; 2, 1, 251: [[adversus]] duos [[simul]] rem gerere, Liv. 21, 60: rem [[male]] gerere, Nep. Them. 3, 3; Hor. S. 2, 3, 74: in relatione rerum ab Scythis gestarum, Just. 2, 1, 1; cf.: rem agere, Hor. S. 1, 9, 4; id. A. P. 82: [[ante]] rem, [[before]] the [[battle]], Liv. 4, 40: cum Thebanis sibi rem esse existimant, Nep. Pel. 1, 3; Cic. Sest. 16, 37.—<br /> Acts, events, as the [[subject]] of [[narration]], a [[story]], [[history]]: res in unam sententiam scripta, Auct. Her. 1, 12, 20: cui lecta [[potenter]] erit res, Hor. A. P. 40; id. S. 1, 10, 57; id. Ep. 1, 19, 29: in medias res auditorem rapere, id. A. P. 148; 310: agitur res in scaenis, id. ib. 179; cf.: numeros animosque secutus, non res, id. Ep. 1, 19, 25; Phaedr. 5, 1, 12: [[sicut]] in rebus ejus (Neronis) exposuimus, Plin. 2, 83, 85, § 199: litterae, quibus non [[modo]] res [[omnis]], sed [[etiam]] rumores cognoscamus, Cic. Att. 5, 5, 1: res populi Romani perscribere, Liv. praef. § 1: res Persicae, [[history]], Nep. Con. 5, 4; id. Cat. 3, 2.—<br /> Res publica, also as one [[word]], [[respublica]], the [[common]] [[weal]], a [[commonwealth]], [[state]], [[republic]] (cf. [[civitas]]); also, [[civil]] affairs, [[administration]], or [[power]], etc.: qui pro republicā, non pro suā obsonat, [[Cato]] ap. Ruf. 18, p. 210; cf.: erat tuae virtutis, in minimis tuas res ponere, de re publicā vehementius laborare, Cic. Fam. 4, 9, 3: [[dummodo]] ista privata [[sit]] [[calamitas]] et a rei publicae periculis sejungatur, id. Cat. 1, 9; cf.: si re publicā non possis frui, stultum est nolle privatā, id. Fam. 4, 9, 4: egestates tot egentissimorum hominum nec privatas posse res nec rem publicam sustinere, id. Att. 9, 7, 5 (v. [[publicus]]); [[Cato]] ap. Gell. 10, 14, 3: auguratum est, rem Romanam publicam summam [[fore]], Att. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 22, 45: quo utiliores rebus suis publicis essent, Cic. Off. 1, 44, 155: commutata [[ratio]] est rei totius publicae, id. Att. 1, 8, 4: pro republicā niti, [[Cato]] ap. [[Charis]]. p. 196 fin.: merere de republicā, Plaut. Am. prol. 40: de re publicā [[disputatio]]… dubitationem ad rem publicam adeundi tollere, etc., Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12: oppugnare rem publicam, id. Cael. 1, 1; id. Har. Resp. 8, 15; id. Sest. 23, 52: [[paene]] victā re publicā, id. Fam. 12, 13, 1: delere rem publicam, id. Sest. 15, 33; Lact. 6, 18, 28.—Esp. in the [[phrase]] e re publicā, for the [[good]] of the State, for the [[public]] [[benefit]]: senatūs consultis [[bene]] et e re publicā factis, Cic. Phil. 3, 12, 30: ea si dicam non esse e re publicā dividi, id. Fam. 13, 8, 2; id. Mil. 5, 14; Liv. 8, 4, 12; 25, 7, 4; 34, 34, 9; Suet. Rhet. 1 init.—Post-[[class]]. and [[rare]], also ex republicā, Gell. 6, 3, 47; 11, 9, 1; [[but]] exque is used for [[euphony]] ([[class]].): id eum recte [[atque]] ordine exque re publicā fecisse, Cic. Phil. 3, 15, 38; 5, 13, 36; 10, 11, 26.— In plur.: eae nationes respublicas suas amiserunt, C. Gracch. ap. Fest. s. h. v. p. 286 Müll.: hoc [[loquor]] de [[tribus]] his generibus rerum publicarum, Cic. Rep. 1, 28, 44: [[circuitus]] in rebus publicis commutationum, id. ib. 1, 29, 45 et saep.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Sometimes [[simply]] res, the State (in the poets, and [[since]] the Aug. per. in [[prose]]): [[unus]] [[homo]] nobis cunctando restituit rem, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 24, 84 (Ann. v. 313 Vahl.): hic ([[Marcellus]]) rem Romanam sistet, Verg. A. 6, 858; cf.: nec rem Romanam tam desidem [[umquam]] fuisse, Liv. 21, 16; 1, 28: parva ista non contemnendo majores nostri maximam hanc rem fecerunt, id. 6, 41 fin.: Romana, Hor. C. S. 66; id. Ep. 1, 12, 25; Ov. M. 14, 809; Sall. C. 6, 3; cf.: ut [[paulo]] [[ante]] animum [[inter]] Fidenatem Romanamque rem ancipitem gessisti, Liv. 1, 28 fin.: [[Albana]], id. 1, 6.— In plur.: res Asiae evertere, Verg. A. 3, 1: custode rerum Caesare, Hor. C. 4, 15, 17; cf.: res [[sine]] discordiā translatae, Tac. H. 1, 29; so (also in Cic.), rerum potiri, v. [[potior]]. —<br /> Res novae, [[political]] changes, a [[revolution]], etc.; v. [[novus]].

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