vacuus: Difference between revisions

{{Lewis

|lshtext=<b>văcŭus</b>: a, um, adj. [[vaco]],<br /><b>I</b> [[empty]], [[void]], [[free]], [[clear]], devoid of, [[without]] [[something]] (freq. and [[class]].; cf. [[inanis]].)<br /><b>I</b> In gen.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> Lit., in [[material]] [[sense]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Absol.: [[spatium]] [[vacuum]], Lucr. 1, 523; cf. id. 1, 394; 1, 509: vacua [[castra]], Caes. B. G. 7, 45: perque domos Ditis vacuas et inania regna, Verg. A. 6, 269: atria, id. ib. 7, 379; 2, 528: [[porticus]], id. ib. 2, 761: videntur Aëra per [[vacuum]] ferri, id. G. 3, 109: [[Acerrae]], [[unpeopled]], id. ib. 2, 225: [[Cumae]], Juv. 3, 2: [[Ulubrae]], id. 10, 102: agri, Verg. G. 2, 54: aurae, id. A. 12, 592: [[caelum]], id. ib. 5, 515: oppida, Auct. B. Afr. 9: [[aliquam]] partem aedium vacuam facere, Liv. 39, 14, 2: aër, Hor. C. 1, 3, 34: [[theatrum]], id. Ep. 2, 2, 130: [[aula]], id. C. 4, 14, 36: tabellae, Quint. 10, 3, 32: [[numerus]] [[peditum]] in vicem prolapsorum equitum vacuos capientium ad pugnam equos, Liv. 44, 26, 3: [[lectus]], Prop. 2, 2, 1: Ov. M. 11, 471: per [[vacuum]] locum inruperunt, Liv. 25, 3, 18: [[manus]], Quint. 11, 2, 42: ossa vacuis exsucta medullis, Juv. 8, 90: si [[vacuo]] ventre [[mulier]] fuit, not [[pregnant]] (opp. [[plenus]]), Dig. 29, 2, 84: [[vultus]], [[without]] eyes, Sen. Oedip. 1012.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With abl.: [[nihil]] igni [[vacuum]] videri potest, Cic. Univ. 4: [[gladium]] vaginā [[vacuum]] in urbe non vidimus, id. Marcell. 6, 17: [[moenia]] defensoribus, Liv. 42, 63, 6: viae occursu hominum, id. 5, 41, 5: cultoribus agri, Ov. M. 7, 653: ense [[ebur]], id. ib. 4, 148: [[arvum]] arboribus, Col. 3, 11, 3: loca fetu in vite, id. 3, 10, 5: [[pectus]] velamine, Stat. Th. 1, 593.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(g)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With ab and abl.: [[Messana]] ab his rebus...vacua ac nuda est, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 2, § 3: [[oppidum]] [[vacuum]] ab defensoribus, [[without]], Caes. B. G. 2, 12: [[pars]] Galliae ab exercitu, Hirt. B. G. 8, 46: [[vacuum]] ab hostibus [[mare]], Liv. 37, 13, 6.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(d)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With gen. ([[rare]]; [[mostly]] [[poet]].): [[ager]] [[aridus]] et frugum [[vacuus]], Sall. J. 90, 1: Romana [[urbs]] annonae, Mamert. Grat. Act. ad Julian. 14.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> Subst.: vă-cŭum, i, n., an [[empty]] [[space]], an [[open]] or [[vacant]] [[place]], a [[void]], [[vacuity]]: [[vacuum]] [[minus]] [[intus]] habere, Lucr. 1, 367: in [[vacuum]] poterunt se extendere rami, Verg. G. 2, 287: ne per [[vacuum]] incurreret [[hostis]], Hor. S. 2, 1, 37: libera per [[vacuum]] posui vestigia [[princeps]], Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 21.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> Transf., [[free]] from, [[clear]], devoid of, [[without]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With abl.: [[animus]] per somnum sensibus et [[curis]] [[vacuus]], Cic. Div. 2, 11, 27: molestiis, id. Fam. 4, 4, 2: cupiditate et timore, id. Fin. 2, 10, 30: [[consilium]] periculo, id. Att. 10, 16, 2: cum vacui [[curis]] [[etiam]] [[quid]] in [[caelo]] fiat scire avemus, id. Fin. 2, 14, 46: vacui negotiis vivere possimus, id. ib. 4, 5, 12: his rebus [[mens]] vacua, id. Tusc. 3, 4, 9: [[vacuus]] [[duellis]] [[Janus]], Hor. C. 4, 15, 8: crimine nox vacua est, Ov. F. 4, 581: [[ille]] metu [[vacuus]], id. M. 3, 582: nullum [[tempus]] [[sterile]] et [[vacuum]] beneficio, Plin. [[Pan]]. 56, 2: aemulatione, Tac. A. 12, 2: curā domesticā [[vacuus]], id. H. 1, 88: tali culpā, id. A. 6, 16: tributo, id. ib. 12, 61: vacuam laboribus egi vitam, Ov. Tr. 5, 3, 9.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With ab and abl.: Mamertini soli vacui, expertes, soluti ac [[liberi]] fuerunt ab omni sumptu, molestiā, munere, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 10, § 23: a securibus et tributis, Tac. A. 12, 34; 12, 61: [[hora]] nulla vacua a furto, a scelere, crudelitate, flagitio reperietur, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 12, § 34: [[nullus]] [[dies]] ab exercitationibus oratoriis, id. Brut. 90, 309: [[animus]] a talibus factis [[vacuus]] et [[integer]], id. Inv. 2, 7, 24: cum ab omni molestiā [[vacuus]] esses, id. Fam. 11, 16, 1: [[domus]] a suspitione religionis vacua [[atque]] pura, id. Har. Resp. 6, 11: ab [[odio]], amicitiā, irā [[atque]] misericordiā, Sall. C. 51, 1: a [[culpa]], id. ib. 14, 4: censores vacui ab operum locandorun; curā, Liv. 24, 18, 1.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(g)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With gen.: vacuas caedis habete [[manus]], Ov. A. A. 1, 642: operum [[vacuus]], Hor. S. 2, 2, 119: vacuas habuissem criminis umbras, Ov. M. 6, 541: composuit ad Caesarem litteras, [[quasi]] confecto [[bello]] verbis magnificas, rerum vacuas, Tac. A. 15, 8.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(d)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With dat. of [[that]] for [[which]] [[room]] or a [[vacancy]] exists or is made: [[Aruns]] [[Tarquinius]] et [[Tullia]] [[minor]], [[prope]] continuatis funeribus cum domos vacuas [[novo]] matrimonio fecissent, junguntur, Liv. 1, 46, 9: necato filio vacuam domum scelestis nuptiis fecisse, Sall. C. 15, 2: [[quanto]] molimine circumspectemus vacuam Romanis vatibus aedem (Apollinis), Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 94.—Subst.: văcŭum, i, n., [[leisure]]: aliquid invenire vacui, Quint. 10, 6, 1.—<br /><b>II</b> In partic. (cf. [[vaco]], II.).<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> Free from [[labor]] or [[occupation]], [[without]] [[business]], at [[leisure]], [[clear]], disengaged, [[unoccupied]], [[idle]]: [[quoniam]] vacui sumus, dicam, Cic. Leg. 1, 4, 13: si es [[animo]] [[vacuo]], expone nobis [[quod]] quaerimus ... hunc elegimus diem, cum te sciremus esse [[vacuum]], id. Brut. 5, 20: [[animus]] [[vacuus]] ac [[solutus]], id. Verr. 1, 9, 26: aures vacuae [[atque]] eruditae, Quint. 10, 1, 32: aures, Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 26; Ov. M. 4, 41; 12, 56: pedibus vacuis terere Porticum, id. A. A. 1, 491: si [[quid]] vacui sub umbrā Lusimus, Hor. C. 1, 32, 1: [[cetera]], quae vacuas tenuissent carmine mentes, Verg. G. 3, 3: ne [[vacuum]] esse me [[nunc]] ad narrandum credas, Ter. And. 4, 2, 23: ut animum [[vacuum]] ad res difficiles scribendas afferam, Cic. Att. 12, 38, 3: cum per tot menses vacuā civitate [[nemo]] controversiam fecerit, Liv. 3, 40, 10.—Sup.: nec [[rursus]] jubeo, dum [[sit]] vacuissima quaeras, Ov. P. 3, 1, 141.—Poet., transf., of places in [[which]] to [[lounge]] or [[enjoy]] [[leisure]], [[quiet]], [[peaceful]], [[undisturbed]], etc.: [[Tibur]], Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 45: [[Athenae]], id. ib. 2, 2, 81: tonsoris in umbrā, id. ib. 1, 7, 50 (cf.: otiosa [[Neapolis]], id. Epod. 5, 43).—Rarely of persons, [[free]] from [[care]], [[calm]], [[composed]]: [[Rutilius]] [[animo]] [[vacuus]], i. e. [[careless]], [[without]] [[apprehension]], Sall. J. 52, 6: [[haud]] animi [[vacuus]], [[quiet]], Stat. Th. 5, 644: cantamus vacui, [[sive]] [[quid]] urimur, Hor. C. 1, 6, 19; so of one [[free]] from [[love]], id. ib. 1, 5, 10.—Of [[female]] animals, not [[bearing]] [[young]]: [[equa]], Col. 6, 37, 10.—Impers.: [[vacuum]] est, [[with]] inf., [[there]] is [[leisure]], [[time]], Sall. H. 1, 10; Tac. H. 2, 28.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> Of [[time]], [[free]], [[vacant]], disengaged, [[leisure]]: [[etiam]] si [[spatium]] ad dicendum nostro [[commodo]] vacuosque [[dies]] habuissemus, Cic. Verr. 1, 17, 56: cum vacui temporis [[nihil]] haberem, id. Att. 2, 23, 1: vacuam noctem operi dedere, Liv. 3, 28, 7: tempora, Col. 12, 4, 1; cf. Luc. 3, 26.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>C</b> Of women, [[free]], [[unmarried]], [[single]]: ubi [[mulier]] vacua fuit, Tac. A. 13, 44: vacuis indicere nuptias, Pseudo - Quint. Decl. 376: [[Hersilia]], i. e. [[widowed]], Ov. M. 14, 831.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>D</b> Of possessions, [[free]], [[vacant]], [[without]] an occupant or [[master]]: vacuam possessionem regni sperans, Caes. B. C. 3, 112: prudentiae doctrinaeque [[possessio]] ... [[quasi]] caduca [[atque]] vacua, Cic. de Or. 3, 31, 122: [[centuria]], id. Tull. § 17: [[sese]] praedia vacua filio traditurum, id. Rosc. Am. 9, 26: vacuam rempublicam tradere Hannibali, Liv. 23, 2, 7: ut [[impetus]] fiat in vacuam rempublicam, Sall. C. 52, 23: sacerdotia ut vacua contulit in alios, Tac. A. 6, 40; cf.: Syriam provinciam vacuam tum morte Atilii Rufi, id. Agr. 40: vacua [[Armenia]], [[without]] a [[ruler]], id. A. 12, 50: bona, Dig. 38, 9, 1, § 12: [[possessio]], ib. 41, 3, 4, § 22; Gai Inst. 4, 131.— Subst.: văcŭum, i, n.: si [[quis]] [[casus]] puerum egerit Orco, In [[vacuum]] venias, [[into]] the [[vacant]] [[property]], Hor. S. 2, 5, 50: ut in [[vacuum]] lege praeditoriā [[venalis]] pependerit, Suet. Claud. 9; cf. Quint. 12, 9, 8.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>E</b> Without [[value]], [[worthless]], [[useless]], [[empty]], [[vain]], [[unprofitable]], = [[vanus]] ([[rare]]; not anteAug.): si [[respublica]] et [[senatus]] et [[populus]] vacua nomina sunt, Tac. H. 1, 30: rem, Petr. 102: vacua et [[inanis]] [[productio]] verbi, Gell. 11, 15, 6: tollens [[vacuum]] [[plus]] [[nimio]] Gloria verticem, her [[empty]] [[head]], Hor. C. 1, 18, 15: [[pecunia]], [[unused]], [[unproductive]], Dig. 19, 5, 24; cf. ib. 16, 3, 28.

{{Georges

|georg=vacuus, a, um, [[leer]], [[ledig]], entblößt, [[frei]], [[ohne]] etw., I) eig.: A) im allg.: a) adi.: α) absol.: v. [[loca]] (Plätze im [[Theater]]), Cic.: v. tabeilae, Quint.: [[domus]] [[Ditis]] vacuae ([[öde]]) et inania regna (das [[Reich]] der [[Schatten]]), Verg.: vacuae (ausgeräumte) [[domus]] et inania (ausgeplünderte) templa, Tac.: u. [[theatrum]], Hor.: [[aula]], Hor.: vacua [[castra]] hostium, Caes.: aër, Verg. u. Hor.: [[aliquam]] partem aedium vacuam facere ([[räumen]]), [[quo]] Hispala immigraret, Liv.: [[prope]] continuatis funeribus domos vacuas [[novo]] matrimonio facere, Liv. (vgl. [[vacuefacio]]). – β) m. Abl.: [[nihil]] igni vacuum, Cic.: [[arvum]] arboribus v., Colum.: vites v. fructu, Colum.: v. [[moenia]] defensoribus, Liv.: v. agri cultoribus, Ov.: vacua dentibus [[ora]], Tac.: [[locus]] hominibus [[plenus]], amicis [[vacuus]], Sen. – γ) m. ab u. Abl.: [[Messana]] ab his rebus... vacua ac nuda est, Cic.: v. [[oppidum]] ab defensoribus, Caes.: [[mare]] v. ab hostibus, Liv.: [[telum]] a spiculis vacuum, Cels. – δ) m. Genet.: [[ager]] [[aridus]] et frugum [[vacuus]], Sall.: [[Romana]] [[urbs]] v. annonae, Claud. Mam.: [[iam]] animae [[vacuus]], [[entseelt]], Apul. – b) subst., vacuum, ī, n., der leere [[Raum]], die [[Leere]], vacuum [[minus]] [[intus]] habere, Lucr.: per vacuum incurrere, Hor., od. irrumpere, Liv.: in vacuum se extendere (v. Ästen), Verg.: libera per vacuum ponere vestigia, Hor.: taurorum cornua iactantur in vacuum, die (zornigen) Stiere [[bohren]] [[mit]] den Hörnern in die [[Luft]], Sen.<br />'''B)''' insbes.: 1) [[frei]], erledigt, [[unbesetzt]], [[herrenlos]], [[erblos]], prudentiae doctrinaeque [[possessio]]... [[quasi]] [[caduca]] et v., Cic.: v. [[centuria]], Cic.: [[praeda]], Cic.: [[possessio]] regni, Caes.: [[Armenia]], Tac.: [[sacerdotia]] ut vacua, Tac.: [[Syria]]... vacua [[iam]] morte Atilii Rufi [[consularis]], Tac.: ne [[bona]] hereditaria vacua [[sine]] [[domino]] iacērent, [[erblos]], ICt. – venire in vacuum u. in vacua, in das erledigte Besitztum, Hor. u. Cic.: ut in vacuum [[venalis]] pependerit [[Claudius]], daß Kl. (das Besitztum [[des]] Kl.) [[als]] [[herrenlos]] [[öffentlich]] feilgeboten wurde, Suet. – 2) v. weibl. Tieren, [[ledig]] = [[nicht]] [[trächtig]], [[equa]], Colum. 6, 37, 10. – 3) v. Frauenspersonen, [[frei]], [[ledig]], [[ohne]] [[Mann]], [[ohne]] Geliebten, [[Hersilia]] ([[als]] [[Witwe]]), Ov. [[met]]. 14, 831: [[ubi]] [[mulier]] vacua fuit, Tac. ann. 13, 44. – subst., vacuae, die Ledigen, elige de vacuis, [[quam]] [[non]] [[sibi]] vindicet [[alter]], Ov. her. 19 (20), 149: vacuis indicere nuptias, [[non]] occupatis, Ps. Quint. decl. 176.<br />'''II)''' übtr.: A) im allg., [[von]] [[etwas]] [[frei]], [[einer]] [[Sache]] [[ledig]], [[ohne]] etw., etw. entbehrend, [[von]] etw. [[fern]], [[sich]] [[fern]] haltend, a) [[mit]] Abl.: [[animus]] sensibus et [[curis]] v., Cic.: v. molestiis, Cic.: cupiditate et gloriā, Cic.: tali culpā, Ter. – b) m. ab u. Abl.: [[animus]] a talibus factis v. et [[integer]], Cic.: v. a [[culpa]], Sall. – v. der [[Zeit]], [[hora]] nulla v. a furto, a scelere etc., Cic.: [[nullus]] [[dies]] v. ab exercitationibus oratoriis, Cic. – c) [[mit]] Genet.: v. operum, Hor.: v. criminis, Or.: v. [[caedis]] [[manus]], Ov.<br />'''B)''' insbes.: 1) [[von]] Leistungen [[frei]], befreit, a) [[mit]] Abl.: omni tributo, Tac. – b) m. ab u. Abl.: ab omni sumptu, Cic.: a tributis, Tac. – 2) [[von]] [[einer]] körperl. [[oder]] geistigen [[Tätigkeit]] usw. [[frei]], uneingenommen, a) [[von]] [[Arbeit]] [[frei]], [[unbeschäftigt]], [[müßig]], α) v. Pers. usw.: [[quoniam]] vacui sumus, dicam, Cic.: cum te sciremus [[esse]] vacuum, Cic.: si es [[animo]] [[vacuo]], expone [[nobis]] etc., Cic.: vacui pace Punicā [[Romani]], [[unbeschäftigt]] ([[durch]] Kriege), Liv.: aures vacuae [[atque]] eruditae, die Ohren Gebildeter, die [[Muße]] [[haben]], Quint.: v. mentes, Verg.: [[princeps]] [[adhuc]] [[vacuus]], [[für]] [[niemand]] eingenommen, Tac.: vacui arriperent occupatos, Tac.: nullum vacuum ([[müßig]]) [[tractum]] [[esse]] remum, Cic.: Superl., [[nec]] [[rursus]] [[iubeo]], [[dum]] sit ([[domus]] Augusti) vacuissima, quaeras, [[bis]] es völliger [[Muße]] genieße, Ov. ex Pont. 3, 1, 141. – poet. übtr., [[von]] Orten der [[Muße]], [[Tibur]], Hor.: [[Athenae]], Hor. – β) v. der [[Zeit]], vacua [[nox]] operi, [[frei]], [[ungestört]] [[für]] usw., Liv. 3, 28, 7: cum vacui temporis [[nihil]] haberem, Cic. ad Att. 2, 23, 1: [[etiamsi]] [[spatium]] ad dicendum nostro [[commodo]] vacuosque [[dies]] habuissemus, [[tamen]] etc., Cic. I. Verr. 56: vacua [[tempora]] [[iam]] contingunt ad ea exsequenda, [[quae]] etc., Colum. 12, 4 in. – b) [[von]] [[Kummer]], [[von]] [[Liebe]] [[frei]], [[sorglos]], [[unbefangen]], [[animus]] v., v. ac [[solutus]], Cic.: [[vacuus]] [[animo]], Sall., u. animi, Stat., [[frei]], [[ruhig]] im [[Gemüt]]: cantamus vacui, [[frei]] ([[von]] [[Liebe]]), Hor.: u. so v. [[pectus]], Hor. – 3) [[frei]] [[von]] Hindernissen, alqd vacuum est, [[man]] hat in [[etwas]] freie [[Hand]], [[antea]] vacuum id et solutum poenā (und [[straflos]]), Tac. ann. 14, 28. – [[ebenso]] vacuum est m. folg. Infin., [[man]] hat freie [[Hand]], [[freien]] [[Spielraum]], Sall. hist. fr. 1, 10 (11). Tac. hist. 2, 38. – 4) v. Örtl.: a) [[frei]] = offenstehend, [[zugänglich]], [[weit]], [[porticus]], Verg.: ut [[vacuo]] patuerunt aequore campi, Verg.: vacuae [[aedes]] Romanis vatibus, Hor.: aures vacuae, [[offen]] und [[aufmerksam]] zuhörende, Lucr., Hor. u.a. (s. Obbar. Hor. ep. 1, 16, 26. – b) [[schutzlos]], [[von]] [[Schutz]] entblößt, [[mare]], Tac.: Illyricum [[mare]], Tac. – übtr., [[res]] [[publica]], Sall. u. Liv. Vgl. Heräus Tac. hist. 2, 14, 6. – 5) [[leer]] = [[wertlos]], [[überflüssig]], [[unnütz]], [[eitel]], [[vergeblich]], si [[res]] [[publica]] et [[senatus]] et [[populus]] vacua nomina sunt, Tac.: [[res]] vacua, Petron.: vacua et [[inanis]] [[productio]] verbi, Gell.: tollens vacuum [[plus]] [[nimio]] Gloria verticem, das eitle [[Haupt]], Hor. – / In der Vulgärspr. [[vocuus]], Corp. inscr. Lat. 6, 1527. col. 2, 33.

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