ἀνάγκη: Difference between revisions

|Definition=Ion. and Ep. [[ἀναγκαίη]], ἡ,<br><span class="bld">A</span> [[force]], [[constraint]], [[necessity]], κρατερὴ δ' ἐπικείσετ' ἀ. Il.6.458; <b class="b3">ἀναγκαίη γὰρ ἐπείγει</b> ib.85; ἀναγκαίῃ πολεμίζειν 4.300; τίς τοι ἀνάγκη πτώσσειν; 5.633; <b class="b3">οἷσιν ἀνάγκη</b> (''[[sc.]]'' [[φυλάσσειν]]) 10.418, al.: but in Hom. usually in dat. as adverb, [[ἀνάγκῃ]] [[perforce]], [[of necessity]], ἀείδειν Od.1.154; φεύγειν Il.11.150: in act. sense, [[forcibly]], [[by force]], [[ἴσχειν]], [[ἄγειν]], Od.4.557, 22.353; μνήσασθαι 7.217: strengthened by [[καί]], 10.434; ὑπ' ἀνάγκης 19.156; opp. [[ἑκόντες]], Pl.''Phdr.''231a; ὑπ' ἀναγκαίης Hdt.7.172, al.; ἐξ ἀνάγκης S.''Ph.''73, Th.3.40, etc.; δι' ἀνάγκης Pl.''Ti.''47e; σὺν ἀνάγκᾳ Pi.''P.''1.51; πρὸς ἀνάγκαν A.''Pers.''569 codd. (lyr.), cf. Epict.''Ench.''29.2; κατ' ἀνάγκην [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''4.3.7: <b class="b3">ἀνάγκη ἐστί</b>, c. inf., [[it must be that]]... [[is necessary that]]... cf. Il. supr. cit.; πᾶσα ἀ. ἐστὶ ὗσαι Hdt.2.22; <b class="b3">τρέφειν τοὺς τοκέας τοῖσι μὲν παισὶν οὐδεμία ἀ., τῇσι δὲ θυγατράσι πᾶσα ἀ.</b> ib.35: c. dat. pers., ἀ. μοι σχεθεῖν A.''Pr.''16, cf. ''Pers.''293:—in Trag. freq. in answers and arguments, <b class="b3">πολλή γ' ἀνάγκη, πολλή' στ' ἀνάγκη</b>, or <b class="b3">πολλή μ' ἀνάγκη</b>, with which an inf. may always be supplied, E.''Med.''1013, ''Hec.''396, S.''Tr.''295; so πᾶσ' ἀνάγκη ''El.''1497, cf. [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 441d; <b class="b3">ἀνάγκη μεγάλη [ἐστί]</b> ib.485e, Is.3.6, D.28.9; ἐν ἀνάγκῃ ἐστί Lys.6.8: later <b class="b3">ἀνάγκην ἔχω</b>, c. inf., ''Ev.Luc.'' 14.18.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[necessity]] in the philosophical sense, Arist.''APo.''94b37, ''Metaph.''1026b28, ''Ph.''199b34; [[logical]] [[necessity]], Metaph.1064b33: in plural, [[law]]s of [[nature]], τίσιν ἀνάγκαις ἕκαστα γίγνεται τῶν οὐρανίων [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Memorabilia|Mem.]]''1.1.11, cf. Hp.Aër.21.<br><span class="bld">b</span> [[natural]] [[need]], γαστρὸς ἀνάγκαις A.''Ag.''726, cf. Ar.''Nu.''1075, X.''Cyn.''7.1; ὑπ' ἀ. τῆς ἐμφύτου [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 458d; <b class="b3">ἐρωτικαῖς ἀ.</b> ib., etc.<br><span class="bld">c</span> <b class="b3">ἡ ἀνάγκη τοῦ τόπου</b> the [[lie]] of the [[ground]] as a [[necessary]] [[condition]], PLille4.14.<br><span class="bld">d</span> <b class="b3">ἀνάγκη δαιμόνων, αἱ ἐκ θεῶν ἀνάγκαι</b>, [[fate]], [[destiny]], E.''Ph.''1000, 1763: freq. personified in Poets, Parm.8.30, Emp.116, A.''Pr.''105, S.''Fr.''256; [[ἀνάγκᾳ δ' οὐδὲ θεοὶ μάχονται]] = [[but not even gods fight necessity]], Simon.5.21.<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[compulsion]] exerted by a [[superior]], ἀνάγκην [[προστιθέναι]], ἀνάγκην [[ἐπιτιθέναι]], X.''Hier.''9.4, ''Lac.''10.7.<br><span class="bld">b</span> [[violence]], [[punishment]], especially of [[torture]], mostly pl., ἐς ἀνάγκας [[ἄγεσθαι]] Hdt.1.116, cf. Antipho 6.25, Herod.5.5; προσάγειν τινὶ τὰς ἀνάγκας Th.1.99; <b class="b3">τὰ πρὸς ἀνάγκας ὄργανα</b> instruments of [[torture]], Plb.15.28.2: later in sg., ἡ ἀνάγκη τῶν βασάνων Plu.2.305e; πρὸς ἀνάγκην [[under torture]], Id.''Publ.''17: metaph., Hp.''de Arte''13; <b class="b3">δολοποιὸς ἀνάγκη</b>, i.e. the [[stratagem]] of [[Nessus]], S.''Tr.''832; βρόχων πλεκταῖς ἀνάγκαις Xenarch.1.9.<br><span class="bld">c</span> [[duress]], '[[force majeure]]', ὅρκους οὓς ποιέονται ἐν ἀνάγκῃ ὄντες Democr.239; [[stress]] of [[circumstance]]s, ἀκούσιοι ἀ. Th.3.82.<br><span class="bld">d</span> [[treatment]] by [[mechanical]] [[force]], τῶν ἀναγκῶν τινὰ προσφέρειν Hp.''Fract.''15, cf. ''Art.''73.<br><span class="bld">4</span> [[bodily]] [[pain]], [[anguish]], [[κατ' ἀνάγκην]] [[ἕρπειν]] [[painfully]], S.''Ph.''206 (lyr.); <b class="b3">ὑπ' ἀνάγκης βοᾶν</b> ib.215; ὠδίνων ἀνάγκαι E.''Ba.''89 (lyr.): generally, [[distress]], ἐν ἀνάγκαις γλυκὺ γίνεται καὶ τὸ σκληρόν Simon.226; freq. in [[LXX]], ''Jb.''15.24, al.; ἡ ἐνεστῶσα ἀνάγκη ''1 Ep.Cor.''7.26: especially in plural, ''IG''12 (7).386.23 (Amorgos, iii B. C.), D.S.4.43, ''2 Ep.Cor.''6.4, etc.<br><span class="bld">II</span> [[tie of blood]], [[kindred]], Lys.32.5.<br><span class="bld">III</span> = ἡ δικαστικὴ [[κλεψύδρα]], [[Hesychius Lexicographus|Hsch.]]