ἔσχατος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=[[ἐσχάτη]], [[ἔσχατον]], also [[ἔσχατος]], [[ἔσχατον]] Arat.625 (prob. fr. ἐκ, [[ἐξ]], perhaps eĝhzκατος (cf. [[ἐχθός]])<br><span class="bld">A</span> like [[ἔγκατα]]):<br><span class="bld">I</span> of Space, as always in Hom., [[farthest]], [[uttermost]], [[extreme]], [[θάλαμος]] ἔσχατος = the [[hindmost]] [[chamber]], Od.21.9; ἔσχατοι ἄλλων = [[at the end of the lines]], Il.10.434, cf.8.225; [[ἔσχατοι ἀνδρῶν]], of the [[Aethiopian]]s, Od.1.23; οἰκέομεν..ἔσχατοι 6.205; ἐσχάτη τῶν οἰκεομένων ἡ Ἰνδική Hdt.3.106, cf. Th.2.96, etc.; τὸ ἔσχατον τῆς ἀγορᾶς X.''HG''3.3.5; ὑπ'..ἐσχάτην στήλην S.''El.''720; [[τάξις ἐσχάτη]] the [[farthest part of the army]], Id.''Aj.''4: pl., ἔσχατα γαίης Hes.''Th.''731; τὰ ἔσχατα τῶν στρατοπέδων Th.4.96; ἐπ' ἔσχατα χθονός S.''Fr.''956; αἱ ἐπ' ἔσχατα τοῦ ἄστεως οἰκίαι Th.8.95; [[ἐξ ἐσχάτων ἀπικέσθαι]], [[ἐς ἔσχατα ἀπικέσθαι]] = [[go from end to end]], Hdt.7.100, cf. X.''Vect.''1.6; παρ' ἔσχατα λίμνης Pl.''Phd.''113b, cf. Th.3.106:—in various senses, [[uppermost]], ἐ. πυρά S.''El.''900; [[lowest]], [[deepest]], ἀΐδας Theoc.16.52; ἅλς ''AP''13.27 (Phal.); [[innermost]], σάρκες S.''Tr.'' 1053; [[last]], [[hindmost]], ἤλαυνε δ' ἔ. Id.''El.''734; [[ἐπ' ἐσχάτῳ]] = [[at the close of a document]], ''PTeb.''68.54 (ii B.C.), etc.<br><span class="bld">2</span> of Degree, [[uttermost]], [[highest]], τὸ ἔσχατον κορυφοῦται βασιλεῦσι Pi.''O.''1.113; ἀνορέαι ἔ. Id.''I.''4(3).11; σοφία Lib.''Or.''59.88; of misfortunes, sufferings, etc., [[utmost]], [[last]], [[worst]], [[πόνος]], [[ἀδικία]], [[κίνδυνοι]], Pl.''Phdr.''247b, ''R.''361a, ''Grg.''511d; ὀδύναι αἱ ἔ. Id.''Prt.''354b; [[δῆμος ἔσχατος]] [[extreme]] [[democracy]], Arist.''Pol.''1296a2.<br><span class="bld">b</span> Subst., [[τὸ ἔσχατον]], [[τὰ ἔσχατα]], [[the utmost]], ἐς τὸ ἔσχατον κακοῦ ἀπιγμένοι Hdt.8.52; τετρῦσθαι ἐς τὸ ἔσχατον κακοῦ Id.1.22; without Art., ἐπ' ἔσχατα βαίνεις S. ''OC''217 (lyr.); προβᾶσ' ἐπ' ἔσχατον θράσους Id.''Ant.''853 (lyr.); ἐπ' ἔ. [[ἐλθεῖν]] [[ἀηδία]]ς Pl.''Phdr.''240d, cf. ''R.''361d, etc.; ὃ πάντων κακῶν ἔσχατόν ἐστι, τοῦτο πάσχει Id.''Phd.''83c; οἱ τὰ ἔσχατα πεποιηκότες [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''8.8.2; [[ζημιοῦσθαι]] πᾶσι τοῖς ἐσχάτοις, Lat. [[extremis suppliciis]], Pl.''Plt.''297e; [[ἔσχατ' ἐσχάτων κακά]] = [[worst of possible]] [[evil]]s, S.''Ph.''65, cf. Philem.178; εἰς τὰ ἔσχατα ἐληλυθώς ''UPZ''60.12 (ii B.C.): Comp.οὔτε γὰρ τοῦ ἐσχάτου ἐσχατώτερον εἴη ἄν τι [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Metaphysics|Metaph.]]''1055a20: Sup. [[ἐσχατώτατος]] [[falsa lectio|f.l.]] in X.''HG''2.3.49, cf. Phryn.51; τὰ [[ἐσχατώτατα]] Phld.''Hom.''p.320.<br><span class="bld">3</span> of Persons, [[lowest]], [[meanest]], D.S.8.18, D.C.42.5, Alciphr.3.43: [[proverb|prov.]], [[οὐδείς]], [[οὐδ' ὁ Μυσῶν ἔσχατος]], i.e. the [[meanest]] of [[mankind]], Magnes 5, cf. Philem.77; in Pl.''Tht.''209b it seems to mean the [[remotest]] of [[mankind]], cf. πρὸς ἐσχάτην Μυσῶν [[varia lectio|v.l.]] in ''App.Prov.''2.85 (παρὰ τοῖς ἐσχάτοις τῆς Μυσίας Apostol.8.1); similarly οὐδὲ τὸν ἔσχατον Καρῶν Plu.2.871b.<br><span class="bld">4</span> of [[time]], [[last]], [[ἐς τὸ ἔσχατον]] = [[to the end]], Hdt.7.107, Th.3.46; ἔσχατος [[πλόος]], [[ναυτιλία]]ι, the [[end]] of it, Pi.''P.''10.28, ''N.''3.22; ἐσχάτας ὑπὲρ [[ῥίζα]]ς over [[the last]] [[scion]] of the [[race]], S.''Ant.''599 (lyr.); [[ἔσχατος Ἑλλήνων]], [[ἔσχατος Ῥωμαίων]], Plu.''Phil.''1, ''Brut.''44: neut. [[ἔσχατον]], as adverb, [[for the last time]], S.''OC''1550; [[finally]], [[best of all]], ''1 Ep.Cor.''15.8; [[at the latest]], ἔ. ἐν τρισὶ μησίν ''SIG''1219.11 (Gambreion, iii B. C.), cf. ''Inscr.Prien.''4.45 (iv B. C.); [[εἰς τὴν ἐσχάτην]] = [[at the last]], [[LXX]] ''Ec.''1.11; [[ἐπ' ἐσχάτῳ]] ib.''2 Ki.''24.25, al.: Subst. [[ἐσχάτη]], ἡ, [[end]], οὐχ ἕξεις ἐ. καλήν Astramps.''Orac.''21.4, cf. 40.3.<br><span class="bld">5</span> in the Logic of Arist., [[τὰ ἔσχατα]] are the [[last]] or [[lowest]] [[species]], Metaph.1059b26, or [[individual]]s, ib.998b16, cf. ''AP''0.96b12, al.; τὸ ἔσχατον ἄτομον ''Metaph.''1058b10.<br><span class="bld">b</span> [[ὁ ἔσχατος ὅρος]] the [[minor]] [[term]] of a [[syllogism]], ''EN''1147b14.<br><span class="bld">c</span> [[last step]] in geom. [[analysis]] or [[ultimate]] [[condition]] of [[action]], τὸ ἔσχατον ἀρχὴ τῆς πράξεως ''de An.''433a16.<br><span class="bld">II</span> Adv. [[ἐσχάτως]] = [[to the uttermost]], [[exceedingly]], [[πῦρ]] [[ἐσχάτως]] καίει Hp.''de Arte''8; [[ἐσχάτως]] [[διαμάχεσθαι]] Arist.''HA''613a11; [[ἐσχάτως]] [[φιλοπόλεμος]] X.''An.''2.6.1; φοβοῦμαί σ' [[ἐσχάτως]] Men.912, cf. Epicur.''Ep.'' 1p.31U.<br><span class="bld">b</span> [[ἐσχάτως]] [[διακεῖσθαι]] = to [[be at the last extremity]], Plb.1.24.2, D.S.18.48; ἔχειν ''Ev.Marc.''5.23; [[ἀπορεῖν]] Phld.''Oec.''p.72J.<br><span class="bld">2</span> so [[ἐς τὸ ἔσχατον]] = [[ἐσχάτως]], Hdt.7.229; [[εἰς τὰ ἔσχατα]] X.''HG''5.4.33; [[εἰς τὰ ἔσχατα]] [[μάλα]] Id.''Lac.''1.2; [[τὸ ἔσχατον]] = [[finally]], [[in the end]], Pl.''Grg.''473c; but, [[τὸ ἔσχατον]] = [[what is worst of all]], ib.508d.