ξύλον: Difference between revisions

|Definition=[ῠ], τό (pl. spelt<br><span class="bld">A</span> ξύλεα Abh. Berl. Akad. 1928(6).32 (Cos, v B. C.)), [[wood]] cut and ready for use, [[firewood]], [[timber]], etc., Hom., mostly in plural, Il.8.507,547, Od.14.418; [[ξύλα νήϊα]] = [[ship-timber]], Hes.''Op.'' 808; ξύλα ναυπηγήσιμα Th.7.25, X.''An.''6.4.4, Pl.''Lg.''706b, D.17.28; [[ξύλα τετράγωνα]] = [[log]]s [[cut]] [[square]], Hdt.1.186, cf. Pl.''Prt.''325d, [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Nicomachean Ethics|EN]]'' 1109b7.<br><span class="bld">2</span> in plural, also, the [[wood-market]], ἐπὶ ξύλα [[ἰέναι]] Ar.''Fr.'' 403.<br><span class="bld">II</span> in sg., [[piece of wood]], [[log]], [[beam]], [[post]], once in Hom., ξύλον αὖον… ἢ δρυὸς ἢ πεύκης Il.23.327; [[ξύλον σύκινον]] = [[spoon]] made of [[fig]] [[wood]], Pl.''Hp.Ma.''291c; [[peg]] or [[lever]], Arist.''MA''701b9; [[perch]], ἐπὶ ξύλου [[καθεύδειν]] Ar.''Nu.''1431: by ''poet.'' [[periphrasis]], Ἀργοῦς ξύλον A.''Fr.''20; <b class="b3">ἵπποιο κακὸν ξύλον</b>, of the [[Trojan horse]], ''AP''9.152 (Agath.): hence anything made of wood, as,<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[cudgel]], [[club]], Hdt.2.63,4.180, Ar.''Lys.''357, ''PHal.''1.187 (iii B.C.); μετὰ ξύλων εἰσπηδῆσαι ''PTeb.''304.10 (ii A.D.); ξύλοις [[συντρίβω|συντρίψειν]] Luc.''Demon.''50; of the [[club]] of [[Heracles]], Plu.''Lyc.''30.<br><span class="bld">3</span> an [[instrument]] of [[punishment]],<br><span class="bld">a</span> [[wooden collar]], put on the [[neck]] of the [[prisoner]], ξύλῳ [[φιμόω|φιμοῦν]] τὸν αὐχένα Ar.''Nu.''592; ἐς τετρημένον ξ. ἐγκαθαρμόσαι… τὸν αὐχένα Id.''Lys.''680; or,<br><span class="bld">b</span> [[stock]]s, in which the feet were [[confine]]d, Hdt.9.37, 6.75, [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[The Knights|Eq.]]''367, D.18.129; ξ. [[ἐφέλκειν]] Polyzel.3; ἐν τῷ ξ. δεδέσθαι Lys.10.16 (v. [[ποδοκάκκη]]), cf. ''Act.Ap.''16.24, ''OGI''483.181 (Pergam., ii A.D.): also in plural, ἔδησεν ἐν τοῖς ξ. And.1.45.<br><span class="bld">c</span> [[πεντεσύριγγος|πεντεσύριγγον]] ξύλον = [[pillory]] (v. sub voc.) was a combination of both, with holes for the neck, arms, and legs, [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[The Knights|Eq.]]''1049.<br><span class="bld">d</span> [[gallows]], κρεμάσαι τινὰ ἐπὶ ξύλου [[LXX]] ''De.''21.22; [[ξύλον δίδυμον]] = ib.''Jo.''8.29: [[proverb|prov.]], [[ἐξ ἀξίου τοῦ ξύλου κἂν ἀπάγξασθαι]], i.e. [[if one must be hanged, at least let it be on a noble tree]], ''App.Prov.''2.67, cf. Ar.''Ra.''736; in [[NT]], of the [[cross]], Act.Ap.5.30,10.39.<br><span class="bld">e</span> [[stake]] on which criminals were impaled, Alex.222.10.<br><span class="bld">4</span> [[bench]], [[table]], esp. [[money-changer's table]], D.45.33.<br><span class="bld">5</span> [[πρῶτον ξύλον]] = [[front]] [[bench]] in the [[Athenian]] [[theatre]], [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[Acharnians|Ach.]]''25, ''V.''90, cf. Sch.adlocc.: hence [[οὑπὶ τῶν ξύλων]] = the [[official]] who had to [[take care of]] the [[seat]]s, Hermipp.9 (according to Meineke).<br><span class="bld">6</span> the [[Hippocratic]] [[bench]], Hp.''Fract.''13, ''Art.''72.<br><span class="bld">III</span> of live wood, [[tree]], [ὄρος] δασὺ πολλοῖς καὶ παντοδαποῖς καὶ μεγάλοις ξύλοις X.''An.''6.4.5, cf. Call.''Cer.''41, Agatharch.55, [[LXX]] ''Ca.''2.3, al.: opp. [[σάρξ]], Thphr.''HP''1.2.6,al.; τῷ ξ. τοῦ δένδρου ἀνάλογον τὴν λεγομένην εἶναι γῆν Plot.6.7.11; τὸ ξύλον τῆς ἀμπέλου E.''Cyc.''572; <b class="b3">εἴρια ἀπὸ ξύλου</b>, of [[cotton]], Hdt.3.47; εἵματα ἀπὸ ξύλων πεποιημένα Id.7.65, cf.Poll.7.75.<br><span class="bld">IV</span> of persons, [[blockhead]], APl.4.187; of a [[stubborn]] person, σίδηρός τις ἢ ξύλον πρὸς τὰς δεήσεις Ach.Tat.5.22.<br><span class="bld">V</span> [[xylon]], a [[measure]] of [[length]], = 3 (also 2 2/3) [[cubit]]s, the side of the [[ναύβιον]], Hero ''*Geom''.23.4,11, ''[[Oxyrhynchus Papyri|POxy.]]''669.11,28 (iii A.D.), 1053 (vi/vii A.D.).