κἄν: Difference between revisions

|Definition=(not [[κᾄν]]), by crasis, <span class="sense"><span class="bld">I</span> for <b class="b3">καὶ ἄν</b>…, [[varia lectio|v.l.]] in <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>357</span>, freq. in Att.: not often when [[καί]] is simply copul., <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>79a</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Grg.</span> 514d</span>; but freq. when [[καί]] is intens., <b class="b3">ὅ γε κ. μέγα δοίη</b> [[even]] a great thing, Hes. l.c.; κακὸν δὲ κ. ἐν ἡμέρᾳ γνοίης μιᾷ <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>615</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">591</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Aj.</span>45</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>1130</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.7.61</span>, etc.; sometimes repeated after or before a Verb with ἄν, ἐπεὶ κ. σὺ... εἴ τίς σε διδάξειεν... βελτίων ἂν γένοιο <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Prt.</span>318b</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">R.</span>515e</span>; freq. in the phrase <b class="b3">κ. εἰ</b>, where [[καί]] properly belongs to [[εἰ]], [[even if]], and [[ἄν]] to the Verb that follows in apodosi, <b class="b3">νῦν δέ μοι δοκεῖ, κ. ἀσέβειαν εἰ καταγιγνώσκοι, τὰ προσήκοντα ποιεῖν</b> (for <b class="b3">καὶ εἰ καταγιγνώσκοι, ποιεῖν ἄν</b>) <span class="bibl">D.21.51</span>: hence, </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> even when the Verb in apodosi was of a tense that could not be joined with <b class="b3">ἄν, κ. εἰ πολλαὶ</b> [<b class="b3">αἱ ἀρεταί</b>]… εἰσιν, ἕν γέ τι εἶδος ταὐτὸν ἅπασαι ἔχουσι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Men.</span> 72c</span>; κ. εἰ μή τῳ δοκεῖ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">R.</span>473a</span>, <span class="bibl">579d</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">408b</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Phd.</span>71b</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Sph.</span>247e</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Top.</span>136a31</span>, al. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> in later Gr. without [[εἰ]], simply as a stronger form of [[καί]], [[even]], εἴσελθε κ. νῦν <span class="bibl">Men.342</span>; κ. νεκρῷ Χάρισαι τὰ σὰ Χείλεα <span class="bibl">Theoc.23.41</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">35</span> (v.l.) (and so with <b class="b3">εἷς, μία, ἕν, κ. μίαν ἡμέραν δόντες αὐτοῖς</b> [[varia lectio|v.l.]] in <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>1.7.19</span>; εἰ κ. ἕν τι φαίνοιτο <span class="bibl">S.E. <span class="title">P.</span>2.195</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ph.2.29</span>); ἐὰν ἅψωμαι κ. τῶν ἱματίων <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Marc.</span>5.28</span>; <b class="b3">κ. νῦν</b> now [[at any rate]], POxy.2151.7 (iii A.D.); <b class="b3">κἂν ὧς</b> [[even]] so, [[nevertheless]], ib.123.7 (iii/iv A.D.); οἷς οὐδὲ κ. ὄνος ὑπῆρξε πώποτε <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Tim.</span>20</span> codd., cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">DDeor.</span>5.2</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> for <b class="b3">καὶ ἄν</b> ( ἐάν), [[even if]], with the same moods as [[ἐάν]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>15</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>319c</span>, etc.: freq. used ellipt., <b class="b3">ἄνδρα Χρὴ δοκεῖν πεσεῖν ἂν κ</b>. (sc. [[πέσῃ]]) ἀπὸ σμικροῦ κακοῦ <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>1078</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>92</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ach.</span>1021</span>, and so prob. in <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>1483</span>: later folld. by ind., κἂν γὰρ οὕτω φαμέν <span class="bibl">A.D.<span class="title">Synt.</span>70.22</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">κἄν... κἄν</b>…, <b class="b2">whether... or</b>... κἂν μεγάλην πόλιν οἰκῶσι κἂν μικράν <span class="bibl">D.25.15</span>.</span>

|btext=<b>I.</b> par <i>crase p.</i> καὶ [[ἄν]] :<br /><b>1</b> « également, aussi bien », <i>avec les mêmes modes que</i> [[ἄν]] ; [[εἰ]] γὰρ… κἂν [[ἐγώ]], <i>etc.</i>, car si… moi aussi je (serais) <i>etc.</i> ; κἂν [[σύ]], toi aussi tu (serais), aussi bien tu (serais);<br /><b>2</b> « même », <i>souv. suivi de</i> [[εἰ]], κἂν [[εἰ]] = καὶ ἂν [[εἰ]], même si, <i>avec idée de conditionnel</i> : κἂν [[εἰ]] μὴ δοκεῖ PLAT même si cela ne paraît pas bon, quand même cela ne paraîtrait pas bon ; <i>ou avec l’opt.</i> : κἂν [[εἰ]] τύχοιεν PLAT quand même ils se trouveraient, <i>etc.</i><br /><b>3</b> <i>postér.</i> [[κἄν]] (<i>non suivi de</i> [[εἰ]]) même, <i>au sens de</i> au moins : [[ἀλλά]] μοι [[πάρες]] κἂν σμικρὸν [[εἰπεῖν]] SOPH mais viens auprès de moi me parler ne fût-ce qu’un peu ; [[οἷς]] οὐδὲ κἂν [[ὄνος]] ὑπῆρξε [[πώποτε]] LUC ceux qui n’ont jamais eu même un âne;<br /><b>II.</b> <i>pour</i> καὶ [[ἐάν]] :<br /><b>1</b> et si : κἂν … [[κἄν]] DÉM et si… et si, soit que… soit que, <i>avec les mêmes modes que</i> [[ἐάν]];<br /><b>2</b> même si, quand même, quoique, <i>avec le sbj. ou l’opt.</i><br />'''Étymologie:''' v. [[ἄν]] et [[ἐάν]].

|txtha=(Griesbach [[κἄν]]; [[see]] [[κἀγώ]], at the [[beginning]]), by crusts for καί [[ἐάν]] (cf. Winer s Grammar, § 5,3; Buttmann, p. 10; Tdf Proleg., p. 97; WH's Appendix, p. 145{b}); [[hence]] joined [[with]] the subjunctive;<br /><b class="num">1.</b> and if: G L; T Tr [[text]] WH; L T Tr WH; L WH, 2^b Tr [[text]] WH, 3^a L Tr WH, 3^b L WH); [[κἄν]] [[μέν]] ποιήσῃ καρπόν, [[namely]], εὖ [[ἔχει]] it is [[well]] (or [[some]] [[such]] [[phrase]]), Winer s Grammar, 600 (558); (Buttmann, § 151,26).<br /><b class="num">2.</b> [[also]] or [[even]] if;<br /><b class="num">a.</b> if [[only]], at [[least]], in [[abridged]] [[discourse]]: [[κἄν]] [[τόν]] ἱματίων [[αὐτοῦ]], [[namely]], ἅψωμαι, [[ἵνα]] ([[namely]], ἅψωνται [[αὐτοῦ]]) [[κἄν]] [[τοῦ]] κρασπέδου ... ἅψωνται, [[ἵνα]] ἐρχομένου Πέτρου ([[namely]], τί [[αὐτοῦ]] ἐπισκιάσῃ αὐτῶν) [[κἄν]] ἡ [[σκιά]] etc. [[κἄν]] ὡς ἄφρονα [[namely]], δεξησθε με, Buttmann, § 149,6; (Winer s Grammar, 584 (543); Green, Gram. of the N. T., p. 230; Klotz ad Devar. ii. 1, p. 139f; Liddell and Scott, [[under]] the [[word]]; [[Sophocles]] Lexicon, [[under]] the [[word]]).<br /><b class="num">b.</b> [[even]] if: Hebrews 12:20.

|elrutext='''κἄν:'''<br /><b class="num">1)</b> (in crasi = καὶ ἄν) также бы: κἂν σὺ [[βελτίων]] ἂν γένοιο Plat. (научившись чему-то новому), и ты стал бы лучше;<br /><b class="num">2)</b> (часто с εἰ) даже если, пусть даже, хотя бы даже: κἂν εἰ μὴ χρώμεθα τοῖς ὀνόμασιν [[ἐνιαχοῦ]] Plat. пусть даже подчас у нас не хватает названий (для некоторых явлений);<br /><b class="num">3)</b> хотя бы, по крайней мере: [[ἀλλά]] μοι [[πάρες]] κἂν σμικρὸν [[εἰπεῖν]] Soph. позволь мне сказать хоть несколько слов;<br /><b class="num">4)</b> даже: οὐδὲ κἂν [[ἅπαξ]] Polyb. ни одного даже разу;<br /><b class="num">5)</b> (= καὶ [[ἐάν]]) и если (даже): κἂν [[πάνυ]] καλὸς ᾖ Plat. и если даже он очень красив; [[κἄν]] … [[κἄν]] Dem. ли … или.