νειός: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ἡ, also [[νεός]] X. (v. infr.), <span class="title">SIG</span>963.8 (Amorgos, iv B.C.), <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[fallow land]], νειοῖο βαθείης <span class="bibl">Il.10.353</span>; <b class="b3">ν. τρίπολος</b> a [[thrice-ploughed]] [[fallow]], <span class="bibl">18.541</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.5.127</span>, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Th.</span>971</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Call.<span class="title">Dian.</span>175</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">μὴ καρπίζεσθαι τὴν γῆν ἀλλὰ νειὸν ποιεῖν</b> [[rejuvenate]] it, <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">CP</span>4.8.1</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">4.8.3</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">HP</span>8.7.2</span>; νειὸν ἄρουραν <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>463</span>; of a mare, ἕνα ἐνιαυτὸν… ἀνάγκη διαλείπειν καὶ ποιεῖν ὥσπερ νειόν <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>577a2</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[plough]]ing and [[sow]]ing of [[land]] to [[reinvigorate]] it, νειὸς ἀμείνων ἡ χειμέριος τῆς ἐαρινῆς <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>8.6.3</span>; <b class="b3">ἡ ἀρίστη νειὸς ἀπὸ τῶν κυάμων</b> prob. cj. ib.<span class="bibl">8.7.2</span>; εἰς νειὸν ἀροῦν <span class="title">Gp.</span>3.6.7, 3.11.8; τῷ σπόρῳ νεὸν δεῖ ὑπεργάζεσθαι <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Oec.</span>16.10</span>, cf. <span class="title">SIG</span>l. c.:—also νέα, ἡ, <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">CP</span>3.20.7</span>, <span class="title">IG</span> 22.334.17; also παρασκάψει τὴν γῆν νειάν <span class="title">SIG</span>963.46. (Cf. OSlav. njiva '[[field]]'.)</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: f.<br />Meaning: [[fallow field]] (Hom., Hes., Call., Arist., Thphr.); on the meaning below.<br />Other forms: also [[νεός]] (X., Amorgos IVa), [[νειά]] (Amorgos IVa), [[νεά]] or [[νέα]] (Thphr., Att. inscr.).<br />Derivatives: Besides, in meaning quite deviating, the adv. <b class="b3">νει-όθεν</b> [[from below]] (K 10, hell. poet.), <b class="b3">νει-όθε</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (poet. inscr. IIIp, Luc.), <b class="b3">νει-όθι</b> [[below]] (Φ 317, Hes. Th. 567, hell. poet.). -- Sup. [[νείατος]] (ep.), [[νέατος]], Arc. [[νήατος]], H. [[νῆτος]] [[most below]], [[utmost]] (Il.), after [[ἔσχατος]], [[πύματος]], cf. [[μέσος]]: [[μέσατος]]; f. [[νεάτη]] (Cratin., Pl.), contr. [[νήτη]] (Arist., Ptol.), ''[[sc.]]'' [[χορδή]] [[the lowest string]] (with the highest tone); <b class="b3">νειότατον κατώτατον</b> H.; also [[νήϊστος]] in <b class="b3">νήϊστα ἔσχατα</b>, [[κατώτατα]] H., prob also in [[Νήϊσται]] (Boeot. <b class="b3">-ϊτται</b>) [[πύλαι]] in Thebes (A. Th. 460, E. Ph. 1104). -- Fem. [[νείαιρα]] ([[νέαιρα]] Simon.) [[the lowest]], as subst. (sc. [[γαστήρ]]) [[belly]], [[abdomen]] (Il., Hp., hell.), cf. [[γέραιρα]] a.o. (Chantraine Form. 104, 234; cf. also Benveniste Origines 112); contr. [[νεῖρα]] (A. Ag. 1479, E. Rh. 794 [readings not quite certain], H.), here m. [[νειρός]] (Lyc., H.) with f. <b class="b3">νειρη κοίλη κοιλία ἐσχάτη</b> H. (Schwyzer 475). Cf. on the whole Schwyzer 503. -- Denomin. [[νεάω]] [[plough a fallow land]] (Hes. Op. 462, com., Thphr.), early connected with [[νέος]] [[new]], if not even derived from it, cf. on [[νέος]]; [[νεατός]] m. [[working of fallow land]] (X. Oik. 7, 20; like [[ἀλοατός]]), [[νέασις]] f. <b class="b2">id.</b> (Thphr.) with [[νεάσιμος]] (Gloss.; Arbenz 87).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [312] <b class="b2">*ni-</b> <b class="b2">(be)low</b><br />Etymology: If [[νειόθεν]], [[νείατος]], [[νείαιρα]] are at all cognate with [[νειός]], [[νειός]] (sc. [[γῆ]], [[χώρα]]), it must have meant prop. *'lying low, lowlying plain'; the meaning [[fallow land]], which is also possible for Homer, but not compulsory (rather [[field]], [[plain]] ?), could rest on the early connection with [[νέος]] [[new]]; cf. Lat. [[novalis]], [[-e]] [[fallow land]]. -- Except for the ending [[νειός]] < <b class="b3">*νειϜός</b> can be identical with a Slavic word fur [[field]], e.g. OCS [[njiva]] (with dark [[nj-]]), Russ. [[níva]] f., IE <b class="b2">*neiu̯ó-s</b> (Slav. [[-ā]] secondary); Fick BB 1, 335f., Schulze KZ 27, 603f. (= Kl. Schr. 373f.). If we separate a formantic <b class="b2">u̯o-</b>element, we can connect the IE adv. <b class="b2">*ni</b> [[low]] in Skt. [[ní]] etc.; here a.o. OHG [[ni-dar]] [[to below]], OE [[neowol]] [[slanting]] from <b class="b2">*ni-wol</b> (cf. <b class="b3">νει-Ϝό-ς</b>). The writing <b class="b3">νη-</b> in [[νήϊστος]], [[νήατος]] is not convincingly explained. As old lengthened grade, especially in a superlative, is very improbable, the [[η]] must be secondary. Hypotheses in Seiler Steigerungsformen 110ff., esp. on <b class="b3">Νήϊται πύλαι</b>; s. also WP. 2, 335 (= Pok. 313: [[η]] = closed [[ē]] from [[ει]] before palat. vowel?). On the Slav. words s. also Vasmer s. [[níva]], with other explanations. -- Cf. also [[νέατος]] s. [[νέος]].

|mdlsjtxt=[[νειός]],<br />Lat. [[novale]], new [[land]], i. e. [[land]] ploughed up anew [[after]] [[being]] [[left]] [[fallow]], [[fallow]]-[[land]], Il.; νειὸς [[τρίπολος]] a [[thrice]]-ploughed [[fallow]], Hom.: in [[attic]] also [[νεός]], Xen.

|ftr='''νειός''': (Hom., Hes., Kall., Arist., Thphr. u.a.),<br />{neiós}<br />'''Forms''': auch [[νεός]] (X., Amorgos IV^a), νειά (Amorgos IV^a), νεά od. [[νέα]] (Thphr., att. Inschr.)<br />'''Grammar''': f.<br />'''Meaning''': [[Brachfeld]], [[Brachland]]; zur Bed. unten.<br />'''Derivative''': Daneben, in der Bed. ganz abweichend, die Adv. [[νειόθεν]] ‘von unten (Κ 10, hell. Dicht.), νειόθε ib. (poet. Inschr. III^p, Luk.), [[νειόθι]] [[unten]] (Φ 317, Hes. ''Th''. 567, hell. Dicht.). — Sup. [[νείατος]] (ep.), [[νέατος]], ark. [[νήατος]], H. [[νῆτος]] [[unterster]], [[äußerster]] (vorw. ep. poet. seit Il.), nach [[ἔσχατος]], [[πύματος]], vgl. [[μέσος]]: [[μέσατος]]; f. [[νεάτη]] (Kratin., Pl.), kontr. [[νήτη]] (Arist., Ptol. usw.), ''[[sc.]]'' [[χορδή]] [[die unterste Saite]] (mit der höchsten Tonhöhe); [[νειότατον]]· κατώτατον H.; auch [[νήϊστος]] in [[νήϊστα]]· ἔσχατα, κατώτατα H., wohl auch in Νήϊσται (böot. -ϊτται) πύλαι in Theben (A. ''Th''. 460, E. ''Ph''. 1104). — Fem. [[νείαιρα]] ([[νέαιρα]] Simon.) [[die unterste]], [[unten befindlich]], als Subst. (sc. [[γαστήρ]]) [[Unterleib]] (Il., Hp., hell. Dicht.), vgl. [[γέραιρα]] u.a. (Chantraine Form. 104, 234; vgl. noch Benveniste Origines 112); kontr. [[νεῖρα]] (A. ''Ag''. 1479, E. ''Rh''. 794 [Lesungen nicht ganz sicher], H.), dazu m. [[νειρός]] (Lyk., H.) mit f. νειρὴ [[κοίλη]]· [[κοιλία]] ἐσχάτη H. (Schwyzer 475). Vgl. zum ganzen Schwyzer 503. — Denominativum [[νεάω]] [[ein Brachfeld bestellen]], [[brachen]] (Hes. ''Op''. 462, Kom., Thphr.), schon früh auf [[νέος]] [[neu]] bezogen, wenn nicht sogar davon gebildet, vgl. zu [[νέος]]; davon [[νεατός]] m. [[Bestellung des Brachfeldes]] (X. ''Oik''. 7, 20; wie [[ἀλοατός]]), [[νέασις]] f. ib. (Thphr.) mit [[νεάσιμος]] (Gloss.; Arbenz 87).<br />'''Etymology''': Wenn [[νειόθεν]], [[νείατος]], [[νείαιρα]] mit [[νειός]] überhaupt verwandt sind, muß [[νειός]] (sc. γῆ, [[χώρα]]) eig. *’unten belegen(e), niedrig(e Ebene)’ bedeutet haben; die Bed. [[Brachfeld]], die auch für Homer möglich, aber nicht zwingend ist (eher [[Feld]], [[Flur]] ?), konnte auf der früh eingetretenen Anlehnung an [[νέος]] [[neu]] beruhen; vgl. lat. ''novalis'', -''e'' [[Brachland]]. — Bis auf den Ausgang kann [[νειός]] aus *νειϝός mit einem slavischen Wort für [[Feld]], [[Acker]], [[Flur]], z.B. aksl. ''njiva'' (mit dunklem ''nj''-), russ. ''níva'' f. identisch sein, idg. *''neiu̯ó''-''s'' (slav. -''ā'' sekundär); Fick BB 1, 335f., Schulze KZ 27, 603f. (= Kl. Schr. 373f.). Bei Abtrennung eines formantischen ''u̯o''-Elements ergibt sich Anschluß an das idg. Adv. *''ni'' [[nieder]] in aind. ''ní'' usw.; dazu u.a. ahd. ''ni''-''dar'' [[niederwärts]], ags. ''neowol'' [[abschüssig]] aus *''ni''-''wol'' (vgl. νειϝός). Die Schreibung νη- in [[νήϊστος]], [[νήατος]] ist nicht befriedigend erklärt. Da alte Dehn stufe, zumal in einem Superlativ, sehr unwahrscheinlich ist, muß η sekundär sein. Hypothesen bei Seiler Steigerungsformen 110ff., besonders zu Νήϊται πύλαι; s. auch WP. 2, 335 (= Pok. 313: η = geschlossenes ''ē'' aus ει vor palat. Vokal?). Zu den slav. Wörtern s. noch Vasmer s. ''níva'', wo auch andere Erklärungen besprochen werden. — Vgl. noch [[νέατος]] s. [[νέος]].<br />'''Page''' 2,297-298