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|Transliteration C=sfin | |Transliteration C=sfin | ||
|Beta Code=sfh/n | |Beta Code=sfh/n | ||
|Definition=[[σφηνός]], | |Definition=[[σφηνός]], ὁ, [[wedge]], Ar.''Ra.''801, A.R.1.1204, Arist.''Mech.''853a19, ''PCair.Zen.''759.2 (iii B.C.), etc.; used as [[an instrument of torture]], [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[Prometheus Vinctus|Pr.]]''64, Plu.2.498d, [[LXX]] ''4 Ma.''8.13, al. [σφην- prob. from σφᾱν-, cf. [[σφάνιον]] and v. sub [[σφηνόπους]].] | ||
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{{pape | {{pape | ||
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{{elnl | {{elnl | ||
|elnltext= | |elnltext=σφήν -ηνός, ὁ wig. | ||
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{{elru | {{elru | ||
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{{etym | {{etym | ||
|etymtx=σφηνός<br />Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: [[wedge]] (A. Pr. 64, Ar., Arist., hell. pap.).<br />Compounds: Some compp., e.g. <b class="b3">σφηνό-πους</b>, <b class="b3">-ποδος</b> [[with wedge-shaped feet]] ([[κλίνη]]; Ceos Va; cf. [[σφανίον]] below and Sommer Nominalkomp. 30), <b class="b3">ἐπί-σφηνος</b> [[wedge-shaped]] (Lebadeia, Strömberg Prefix Studies 100), <b class="b3">ἀντι-σφήν</b> [[counter-wedge]] (Ph. Bel.).<br />Derivatives: 1. Dimin. <b class="b3">σφην-ίσκος</b> m. (Hp. a.o.), <b class="b3">-άριον</b> n. (late medic.), uncertain <b class="b3">-ίς</b>, <b class="b3">-ίδιον</b> (Hero). 2. <b class="b3">σφανίον κλινίδιον</b> and <b class="b3">ἐν σφανίῳ ἐν κλιναρίῳ</b> H. (Schulze KZ 45, 190f. = Kl. Schr. 379); but <b class="b3">παρα-σφήν-ιον</b> n. [[side-wedge]] (hell. inscr. a. pap.) hypostasis. 3. <b class="b3">-όομαι</b>, <b class="b3">-όω</b>, often w. prefix, e.g. <b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>, <b class="b3">δια-</b>, <b class="b3">παρα-</b>, | |etymtx=σφηνός<br />Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: [[wedge]] (A. Pr. 64, Ar., Arist., hell. pap.).<br />Compounds: Some compp., e.g. <b class="b3">σφηνό-πους</b>, <b class="b3">-ποδος</b> [[with wedge-shaped feet]] ([[κλίνη]]; Ceos Va; cf. [[σφανίον]] below and Sommer Nominalkomp. 30), <b class="b3">ἐπί-σφηνος</b> [[wedge-shaped]] (Lebadeia, Strömberg Prefix Studies 100), <b class="b3">ἀντι-σφήν</b> [[counter-wedge]] (Ph. Bel.).<br />Derivatives: 1. Dimin. <b class="b3">σφην-ίσκος</b> m. (Hp. a.o.), <b class="b3">-άριον</b> n. (late medic.), uncertain <b class="b3">-ίς</b>, <b class="b3">-ίδιον</b> (Hero). 2. <b class="b3">σφανίον κλινίδιον</b> and <b class="b3">ἐν σφανίῳ ἐν κλιναρίῳ</b> H. (Schulze KZ 45, 190f. = Kl. Schr. 379); but <b class="b3">παρα-σφήν-ιον</b> n. [[side-wedge]] (hell. inscr. a. pap.) hypostasis. 3. <b class="b3">-όομαι</b>, <b class="b3">-όω</b>, often w. prefix, e.g. <b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>, <b class="b3">δια-</b>, <b class="b3">παρα-</b>, [[wedged in]], [[to be wedged]], [[to wedge (in)]] (Arist., medic., hell. a. late) with [[σφήνωσις]] (<b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>, <b class="b3">δια-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>) f. [[the wedging in]] (medic. a.o.), <b class="b3">ἀποσφήν-ωμα</b> n. [[wedge-shaped block]] (pap. IIp).<br />Origin: XX [etym. unknown]<br />Etymology: From [[σφανίον]] and Cean [[σφηνόπους]], of which the [[Η]] cannot render PGr. [[ē]] but must contain a PGr. [[a-]]sound, we get for [[σφήν]] a basic form <b class="b3">*σφάν</b>, if need be <b class="b3">*σφανσ-</b> (cf. [[χήν]]) or <b class="b3">*σφα-ην</b> (WP. 2, 652f., Pok. 980, Schwyzer 487 n. 7 w. lit.; diff. Wahrmann Glotta 6, 162ff.). Through this the traditional identification (since Kuhn KZ 4, 15) with a Germ. word for [[chip]] in OHG [[spān]], OE [[spōn]], OWNo. [[spānn]], [[spōnn]], PGm. <b class="b2">*spēn-u-</b>, must be given up. The words given sub [[σπάθη]] may be compared. -- Skt. <b class="b2">sphyá-</b> n. m. approx. [[slice]], [[kind of oar etc.]] (on the meaning Janert KZ 79, 89ff.) remains far; hypothesis by Thieme Die Heimat d. idg. Gemeinspr. 16 (agreeing Janert [[l.c.]]): to NHG [[Espe]] etc.; against this Hiersche Ten. aspiratae 164 f. -- So no etym. | ||
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{{mdlsj | {{mdlsj | ||
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{{FriskDe | {{FriskDe | ||
|ftr='''σφήν''': σφηνός<br />{sphḗn}<br />'''Grammar''': m.<br />'''Meaning''': [[Keil]] (A. ''Pr''. 64, Ar., Arist., hell. Pap. u.a.).<br />'''Composita''': Einige Kompp., z.B. [[σφηνόπους]], -ποδος [[mit keilförmigen Füßen]] ([[κλίνη]]; Keos V<sup>a</sup>; vgl. σφανίον unten und Sommer Nominalkomp. 30), [[ἐπίσφηνος]] [[keilförmig]] (Lebadeia, Strömberg Prefix Studies 100), [[ἀντισφήν]] [[Gegenkeil]] (Ph. ''Bel''.).<br />'''Derivative''': Davon 1. Demin. [[σφηνίσκος]] m. (Hp. u.a.), -άριον n. (sp. Mediz.), unsicher -ίς, -ίδιον (Hero). 2. | |ftr='''σφήν''': σφηνός<br />{sphḗn}<br />'''Grammar''': m.<br />'''Meaning''': [[Keil]] (A. ''Pr''. 64, Ar., Arist., hell. Pap. u.a.).<br />'''Composita''': Einige Kompp., z.B. [[σφηνόπους]], -ποδος [[mit keilförmigen Füßen]] ([[κλίνη]]; Keos V<sup>a</sup>; vgl. σφανίον unten und Sommer Nominalkomp. 30), [[ἐπίσφηνος]] [[keilförmig]] (Lebadeia, Strömberg Prefix Studies 100), [[ἀντισφήν]] [[Gegenkeil]] (Ph. ''Bel''.).<br />'''Derivative''': Davon 1. Demin. [[σφηνίσκος]] m. (Hp. u.a.), -άριον n. (sp. Mediz.), unsicher -ίς, -ίδιον (Hero). 2. σφανίον· [[κλινίδιον]] und ἐν σφανίῳ· ἐν κλιναρίῳ H. (Schulze KZ 45, 190f. = Kl. Schr. 379); aber [[παρασφήνιον]] n. [[Nebenkeil]] (hell. Inschr. u. Pap.) Hypostase. 3. -όομαι, -όω, oft m. Präfix, z.B. ἀπο-, δια-, παρα-, ‘eingekeilt, verkeilt werden, ein-, verkeilen’ (Arist., Mediz., hell. u. sp.) mit [[σφήνωσις]] (ἀπο-, δια-, ἐπι-) f. [[das Einkeilen]] (Mediz. u.a.), [[ἀποσφήνωμα]] n. [[keilförmiger Block]] (Pap. II<sup>p</sup>).<br />'''Etymology''': Aus σφανίον und keisch [[σφηνόπους]], dessen Η nicht urgr. ''ē'' wiedergeben kann sondern einen urgr. ''a''-Laut enthalten muß, ergibt sich für [[σφήν]] eine Grundform *σφάν, allenfalls *σφανσ- (vgl. [[χήν]]) oder *σφαην (WP. 2, 652f., Pok. 980, Schwyzer 487 A. 7 m. Lit.; anders Wahrmann Glotta 6, 162ff.). Dadurch wird die herkömmliche (seit Kuhn KZ 4, 15) Gleichsetzung mit einem germ. Wort für [[Span]] in ahd. ''spān'', ags. ''spōn'', awno. ''spānn'', ''spōnn'', urg. *''spēn''-''u''-, hinfällig. Verwandtschaft mit den s. [[σπάθη]] besprochenen Wörtern kommt natürlich immer in Betracht. — Aind. ''sphyá''- n. m. etwa [[Spatel]], [[Art Ruder]] (zur Bed. Janert KZ 79, 89ff.) bleibt fern; Hypothese von Thieme Die Heimat d. idg. Gemeinspr. 16 (zustimmend Janert a. O.): zu nhd. ''Espe'' usw.; dagegen Hiersche Ten. aspiratae 164 f.<br />'''Page''' 2,830-831 | ||
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{{mantoulidis | {{mantoulidis | ||
|mantxt=σφηνός (=[[σφήνα]]). Παράγωγα ἀπό ἴδια ρίζα: [[σφηνόω]] -ῶ (=βουλώνω [[καλά]]), [[σφήνωσις]]. | |mantxt=σφηνός (=[[σφήνα]]). Παράγωγα ἀπό ἴδια ρίζα: [[σφηνόω]] -ῶ (=βουλώνω [[καλά]]), [[σφήνωσις]]. | ||
}} | }} |