ῥίζα: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ης, ἡ: Ion. nom. <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[ῥίζη]] Hp. ap. Erot., acc. ῥίζην <span class="bibl">Marc.Sid.89</span> (before a vowel), but ῥίζαν <span class="bibl">Il.11.846</span> (whence Ion. nom. [[ῥίζα]] may be inferred):—[[root]], <span class="bibl">Od.10.304</span>, <span class="bibl">23.196</span>, etc.; used as a medicine, <span class="bibl">Il.11.846</span>; ῥίζα [[ἐλατήριος]], of a [[purgative]] [[medicine]], <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Epid.</span>5.34</span>: mostly in plural, [[roots]], <span class="bibl">Il.12.134</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.12.435</span>, etc.; δένδρεα μακρὰ αὐτῇσιν ῥίζησι <span class="bibl">Il.9.542</span>: hence </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> metaph., [[roots of the eye]], <span class="bibl">Od.9.390</span> (but <b class="b3">ῥίζας ἐν ὄσσοις αἱματῶπας</b> in <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">HF</span>933</span> prob. bloodshot [[streak]]s); the [[root]]s or [[foundation]]s of the [[earth]], <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>19</span>; χθόνα . . αὐταῖς ῥ. πνεῦμα κραδαίνοι <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>1047</span> (anap.); <b class="b3">ἰπούμενος ῥίζαισιν Αἰτναίαις ὕπο</b> ib.<span class="bibl">367</span>; of feathers, hair, etc., <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>251b</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>518b14</span>; of the [[teeth]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">GA</span>789a13</span>; γαστρὸς ῥ. [[ὀμφαλός]] <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">HA</span>493a18</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">τὸν πόλεμον ἐκ ῥιζῶν ἀνῄρηκε</b> [[extirpate]]d the [[war]] [[entirely]], '[[root and branch]]', <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Pomp.</span>21</span>, cf. Heraclid. Pont. ap. <span class="bibl">Ath.12.523f</span>; ἐκ ῥιζῶν ἀπώλεσεν <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Jb.</span>31.12</span>; cf. [[ῥιζόθεν]], [[πρόρριζος]]. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> that from which anything [[spring]]s as from a [[root]], <b class="b3">ῥίζαν ἀπείρου τρίταν</b> a third continental [[foundation]], of [[Libya]], <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>9.8</span>; <b class="b3">ἀστέων ῥ</b>., of [[Cyrene]], as the [[root]] or [[original]] of the [[Cyrenaic]] [[Pentapolis]], ib.<span class="bibl">4.15</span>; [[root]] or [[stock]] from which a [[family]] springs, ῥίζα σπέρματος <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">O.</span>2.46</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">I.</span>8(7).61</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>966</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>1178</span>, etc.; so, [[race]], [[family]], <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>755</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IT</span>610</span>, <span class="title">OGI</span>383.31 (Nemrud Dagh, i B.C.), etc.; συκοφάντου . . σπέρμα καὶ ῥ. <span class="bibl">D.25.48</span>; [[sect]], [[party]], <span class="bibl">Jul. <span class="title">Gal.</span>106e</span>; also ῥίζα κακῶν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Fr.</span>912.11</span> (anap.); ἀρχὴ καὶ ῥίζα παντὸς ἀγαθοῦ <span class="bibl">Epicur.<span class="title">Fr.</span>409</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">1 Ep.Ti.</span>6.10</span>; πηγὴ καὶ ῥίζα καλοκἀγαθίας Plu. 2.4c; ἀρχαὶ καὶ ῥ. γῆς καὶ θαλάττης <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Mete.</span>353b1</span>, etc.; cf. ῥίζωμα ''ΙΙ''. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[base]], [[foundation]], <b class="b3">ῥίζα πάντων καὶ βάσις ἁ γᾶ ἐρήρεισται</b> Ti. Locr.<span class="bibl">97e</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>81c</span>; [[base]] of a [[vertical]] [[pillar]], <span class="bibl">Procl.<span class="title">Hyp.</span>3.23</span>; τῶν λόφων <span class="bibl">Onos.10.6</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> Math., [[root]] or [[base]] of a series, [[Anatolius]] ap.<span class="title">Theol.Ar.</span>9. (Aeol. βρίζα ([[quod vide|q.v.]]): cf. Goth. waúrts, Lat. [[radix]].) </span>

|sltr=[[ῥίζα]] <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b> [[root]] met. [[ὅθεν]] σπέρματος ἔχοντα ῥίζαν πρέπει τὸν Αἰνησιδάμου (O. 2.46) “φαμὶ γὰρ Ἐπάφοιο κόραν ἀστέων ῥίζαν φυτεύσεσθαι μελησίμβροτον” (v. Barrett, [[Hermes]], 1954, 435&#774;{1}) (P. 4.15) νιν (= Κυράναν) πολυμήλου καὶ πολυκαρποτάτας θῆκε δέσποιναν χθονὸς ῥίζαν ἀπείρου τρίταν εὐήρατον θάλλοισαν οἰκεῖν (τρίτην μοῖραν τῆς ἠπείρου γῆς, [[τουτέστι]] τὴν Λιβύην Σ.) (P. 9.8) [[Ἀχιλεύς]], [[οὖρος]] Αἰακιδᾶν, Αἴγιναν σφετέραν τε ῥίζαν πρόφαινεν (φησὶ τοὺς προγόνους Σ.) (I. 8.56) ζᾳ τε[ Παρθ. 2. 58.

|etymtx=Grammatical information: f.<br />Meaning: [[root]], also metaph. [[origin]], [[stem]], [[base]] (Il.).<br />Other forms: Aeol. [[βρίζα]], [[βρίσδα]]).<br />Dialectal forms: Myc. <b class="b2">wiriza /wriza/</b>.<br />Compounds: Several compp., a.g. <b class="b3">ῥιζο-τόμος</b> m. <b class="b2">root-cutter, -gatherer, herbalist</b>, <b class="b3">πολύ-ρριζος</b> [[having many roots]], [[rich in roots]] (Hp., Thphr.).<br />Derivatives: 1. [[ῥιζίον]] n. [[little root]] (Ar., Thphr.), pl. <b class="b3">-έα</b> (Nic., <b class="b3">-εῖα</b> Al. 265), prob. after [[ὀστέα]] beside (Dor.) [[ὀστία]]. 2. [[ῥιζίας]] m. ([[ὀπός]]) [[root juice]] (: [[καυλίας]]; Thphr.). 3. adj. <b class="b3">ῥίζ-ώδης</b> [[rootlike]] (Thphr., Hero), <b class="b3">-ικός</b> [[belonging to roots]] (Plu.), <b class="b3">-ινος</b> [[made of roots]] (PHolm.), <b class="b3">-αῖος</b> [[serving as a base]] (Sardes). 4. adv. <b class="b3">ῥίζ-ηθεν</b> (A. R.), <b class="b3">-όθεν</b> (Nic., Luc.) [[out of the root]]; <b class="b3">-ηδόν</b> [[in a rootlike way]] (Hld.). 5. verb [[ῥιζόομαι]] ([[ἐρρίζωται]]), <b class="b3">-όω</b> (<b class="b3">-ῶσαι</b>), also w. <b class="b3">ἐν-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-</b> a.o. <b class="b2">to strike root, to root, to provide with roots, to affirm, to consolidate</b> (Od.; cf. Schwyzer 731, Ure Class Quart. N. S. 5, 226f.) with <b class="b3">ῥίζ-ωμα</b> n. [[original ground]], [[origin]], [[rootworks]] (A., Emp., Thphr.; Porzig Satzinhalte 188f.), <b class="b3">-ωσις</b> f. [[striking root]] (Philol., Thphr. a.o.). -- On [[ῥίζα]] and compounds and derivv. extens. Strömberg Theophrastea 5 8 ff.<br />Origin: XX [etym. unknown]<br />Etymology: From Aeol. [[βρίζα]] appears PGr. <b class="b3">*Ϝρίδ-ι̯α</b>, which differs in vocalism from Lat. [[rādīx]] = <b class="b2">rād-ī-c-s</b> (with enlarging <b class="b2">-c-</b> as e.g. in <b class="b2">genetrī-x</b>); in both cases we have a ι̯<b class="b3">α-</b>, resp. <b class="b2">ī-</b>deriv. of a noun, which is also found in Germ. and Celt.: ONorse [[rōt]] f. [[root]] from PGm. <b class="b2">*u̯rōt-</b>, IE <b class="b2">*u̯rād-</b>, which may be seen also in Lat. <b class="b2">rād-īx</b> (cf. below); beside it, with <b class="b2">i-</b>stem and zero grade Goth. [[waurts]], OE [[wyrt]], OHG MHG [[wurz]] [[herb]], [[root]], PGm. <b class="b2">*u̯urt-i-</b>, IE <b class="b2">*u̯r̥d(-i</b>)-; Celt., e.g. Welsh [[gwraidd]] coll. [[roots]] with <b class="b2">ī-</b>suffix but the root vocalism has not been explained. The Germ. and Celt. forms and [[ῥίζα]] cannot represent a weak- or reduced grade; in spite of Schwyzer 352 who wants to assume a vowel [[i]] representing a reduced grade. (Lat. [[rādīx]], but not ONorse [[rōt]], can represent IE <b class="b2">*u̯rHd-</b>, but in other forms there is no laryngeal.) So the foms cannot be explained as yet, and we must reckon with loans. (Vine UCLA Indo-European Studies I 1999, 5-30 does not solve the problem.) -- Toch. B [[witsako]] [[root]] remains to be explained (hypothesis by v. Windekens Lex. étym. s.v.). Further forms w. lit. in WP. 1, 288 Pok. 1167, W.-Hofmann s. [[rādīx]]. Cf. [[ῥάδαμνος]], [[ῥάδιξ]]. Cf. also NGr. (Rhodos) [[ῥόζος]] [[root]], a cross of [[ῥίζα]] and [[ὄζος]] [[branch]] (Hatzidakis [[Ἀθ]]. 29, 180ff.).

|mdlsjtxt=[[ῥίζα]], ης, ἡ,<br /><b class="num">I.</b> a [[root]], Od., [[attic]]: in plural the roots, Hom.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> metaph. the roots of the eye, Od.; the roots or foundations of the [[earth]], Hes., Aesch., etc.<br /><b class="num">3.</b> ἐκ ῥιζῶν, Lat. [[radicitus]], Plut.<br /><b class="num">II.</b> [[anything]] that grows like a [[root]] from one [[stem]], [[whence]] [[Pindar]] calls [[Libya]] the τρίτη [[ῥίζα]] χθονός, considering the [[earth]] as divided [[into]] [[three]] continents.<br /><b class="num">III.</b> metaph. the [[root]] or [[stock]] from [[which]] a [[family]] springs, Lat. [[stirps]], Pind., Aesch., etc.; and so a [[race]], [[family]], Aesch., Eur., etc.