συκοφάντης: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ου, ὁ,<br><span class="bld">A</span> [[common]] [[informer]], [[voluntary]] [[denouncer]] (there being no [[public]] [[prosecutor]]), e.g. of [[contraband]] [[import]]s, καὶ συκοφάντης εἴ τις ἦν ὠνείδισας; did you [[dare]] to [[reproach]] a common [[informer]]? Ar.Ach.559, cf. 725,825; of [[unlawful]] [[possession]], Id.Pl.873,879,885; of [[disaffection]] to [[Athens]], Isoc.15.313 (cf. 316-18); [[κλητήρ]] εἰμι [[νησιωτικός|νησιωτικὸς]] καὶ συκοφάντης Ar.Av.1423; the common [[informer]] became [[notorious]] as [[pettifogger]]s, Lycurg.31 (cf. Ar.Ach.920 -4), D.20.62, [[vexatious]] [[prosecutor]]s of [[innocent]] persons esp. if [[rich]], Lys.25.3, D.57.34, and [[blackmailer]]s, Antipho 5.78,80, Lys.7.20, And.1.105, D.21.103, 58.27, Aeschin.2.5, 3.256, Hyp.Lyc.2, Theopomp. Hist.107,267, Luc.Tim.36; having thus abused their [[legal]] [[power]]s, they were [[treat]]ed as [[criminal]]s, [οἱ τριάκοντα] τοὺς σ… ἀνῄρουν Arist.Ath.35.3, cf. X.HG2.3.38, Isoc.15.313, 18.3; συκοφαντῶν προβολαί Arist.Ath.43.5, cf. Aeschin.2.145; they were [[numerous]] in [[democracy|democracies]], Thphr.Char.26.5; χρῆν . . ἐγγίγνεσθαι. . πάσῃ δημοκρατίᾳ συκοφάντης Plu.Tim.37; δημαγωγῶν [[πλῆθος]] καὶ συκοφάντης at [[Syracuse]], D.S.11.87; rarer in [[oligarchy|oligarchies]], e.g. [[Boeotia]], Ar.Ach.904; [[βασιλεύς|βασιλεὺς]] [[ἐνδεής|ἐνδεὴς]] προσόδων μέγας συκοφάντης a [[great]] [[extortioner]], [[LXX]] Pr.28.16.<br><span class="bld">2</span> in New Com., [[professional]] [[swindler]] or [[confidential]] [[agent]], πράττει δ' ὁ [[κόλαξ]] ἄριστα πάντων, δεύτερα ὁ συκοφάντης Men.223.17, cf. Georg. Fr.1, Philippid.29: so in Lat. [[sycophanta]], Plaut.Poen.1032, Trin. 815, Ter.Andr.815; [[humbug]], Favorin. ap. Gell.14.1.32.<br><span class="bld">3</span> = Lat. [[delator]], ὁ [[πικρός|πικρὸς]] συκοφάντης [[Ἰσίδωρος]] Ph.2.597, cf. OGI669.41 (Egypt, i A.D.), Cod.Just.1.4.34.17, al. (From [[σῦκον]] [[φαίνειν]], orig. used of [[denouncer]]s of the attempted [[export]] of [[fig]]s from [[Athens]], acc. to Ister 35, Plu. Sol.24, 2.523b; orig. of [[citizen]]s [[entrust]]ed with the [[collection]] of [[fig]]s as part of the [[public]] [[revenue]]s of [[Athens]] and the [[denounce|denouncing]] of [[tax]]-[[evader]]s, acc. to Philomnest.1; of [[denouncer]]s of [[fig]]s which had been stolen from the [[sacred]] [[fig tree]]s during a [[famine]] and had become [[cheap]], the [[famine]] having passed, Sch.Ar.Pl.31, cf. Fest. p.393 L.; these and modern [[explanation]]s are mere [[guess]]es; the word first in Ar. but implied by [[συκοπέδιλος]].)

|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-02-0973.png Seite 973]] ὁ, der Sykophant, eigtl. der Feigenanzeiger, ein Aufpasser, der diejenigen ausspürt u. anzeigt, die gegen das Verbot handeln, nach welchem man keine Feigen aus Attika ausführen und verkaufen sollte; dah. ein Jeder, der aus Bosheit oder Gewinnsucht Andere anklagte; ein ränkevoller, falscher Ankläger, Chikaneur; eine in Athen seit Perikles sehr zahlreiche und verachtete Menschenklasse; Ar. Ach. 533 Av. 1423 Plut. 31 u. öfter; Xen. Mem. 2, 9, 3; [[συκοφάντης]] γὰρ εἶ ἐν τοῖς λόγοις Plat. Rep. I, 340 d, u. öfter, u. Folgde.

|btext=ου (ὁ) :<br />sycophante, dénonciateur de ceux qui exportent des figues par contrebande <i>ou</i> de ceux qui volent les figues des figuiers consacrés ; délateur, calomniateur.<br />'''Étymologie:''' [[σῦκον]], [[φαίνω]].

|elnltext=συκοφάντης -ου, ὁ [σῦκον, φαίνω] iemand die zijn geld verdient door mensen valselijk aan te klagen of te chanteren: sycofant.

|elrutext='''σῡκοφάντης:''' ου ὁ<br /><b class="num">1)</b> [[сикофант]] (осведомитель судебных властей о тех, кто, в нарушение закона, вывозил из Аттики фиги или рвал плоды священных смоковниц) Plut.;<br /><b class="num">2)</b> перен. (профессиональный) [[доносчик]], [[клеветник]] Arph., Dem., Plut.: τῶν συκοφάντων [[ἔργον]] ἐστὶ καὶ τοὺς μηδὲν ἡμαρτηκότας εἰς αἰτίαν καθιστάναι Lys. сикофанты занимаются тем, что привлекают к суду даже ни в чем не повинных людей;<br /><b class="num">3)</b> [[крючкотвор]], [[плут]] (ἐν τοῖς λόγοις Plat.).

==Wikipedia EN==

In modern English, sycophant denotes an "insincere flatterer" and is used to refer to someone practicing sycophancy (i.e. insincere flattery to gain advantage). The word has its origin in the legal system of Classical Athens. Most legal cases of the time were brought by private litigants as there was no police force and only a limited number of officially appointed public prosecutors. By the fifth century BCE this practice had given rise to abuse by "sycophants": litigants who brought unjustified prosecutions. The word retains the same meaning ("slanderer") in Modern Greek and French (where it also can mean "informer"). In modern English, the meaning of the word has shifted to its present usage.

|trtx====slanderer===

===informer===