as: Difference between revisions

|Text=[[File:woodhouse_42.jpg|thumb

|link={{filepath:woodhouse_42.jpg}}]]'''adv.'''

<b class="b2">Of time</b>, P. and V. ὅτε, ὡς, [[ἡνίκα]], V. [[εὖτε]].

<b class="b2">Of cause, because</b>: P. and V. ὅτι, P. [[διότι]], V. [[οὕνεκα]], ὁδούνεκα, [[εὖτε]].

<b class="b2">Since</b>: P. and V. [[ἐπεί]], ὡς, [[ἐπειδή]], [[ἐπείπερ]], Ar. and P. ἐπειδήπερ.

<b class="b2">Of comparison</b>: P. and V. ὡς, [[ὥσπερ]], οἷα, Ar. and P. [[καθάπερ]], V. [[ὥστε]], [[ὅπως]], [[ἅπερ]], ὁποία; see also [[like]].

<b class="b2">In the way in which</b>: P. and V. ὡς, [[ὥσπερ]], V., [[ὅπως]].

<b class="b2">As if</b>: P. and V. [[ὡσπερεί]].

<b class="b2">As far as</b>: see under [[far]].

<b class="b2">As quickly as possible</b>: P. and V. ὡς τάχιστα, ὅσον τάχιστα.

<b class="b2">As soon as</b>: P. and V. ὡς τάχιστα, ἐπεὶ τάχιστα, P. ἐπειδὴ τάχιστα, V. [[ὅπως]] τάχιστα.

<b class="b2">As for</b>, prep.: P. and V. [[κατά]] (acc.), ἐπί (dat.), [[ἕνεκα]] (gen.), Ar. and V. [[ἕκατι]] (gen.), [[οὕνεκα]] (gen.).

<b class="b2">As for your question</b>: V. ὃ δʼ οὖν ἐρωτᾶτε (Aesch., ''P.V.'' 226).

<b class="b2">As it is</b>: P. and V. νῦν, [[νυνί]] (Eur., ''Supp.'' 605, but rare V.; also Ar.).

|lshtext=<b>as</b>: [[assis]], m. (nom. [[assis]], [[Don]]. ad Ter. Phorm. 1, 1, 9, and Schol. ad Pers. 2, 59; old form assārĭus, ii, m.; and in the<br /><b>I</b> gen. plur. assariūm, Varr. L. L. 8, § 71 Müll.; [[Charis]]. p. 58 P.) [εἷς, Dor. αἴς, Tarent. ἄς, Hinter].<br /><b>I</b> In gen., [[unity]], a [[unit]]; as a [[standard]] for [[different]] coins, [[weight]], [[measure]], etc. (in Vitr. 3, 1, p. 61 Rode, [[perfectus]] [[numerus]], the [[perfect]] [[number]], [[fundamental]] [[number]]), acc. to the duodecimal [[system]], divided [[into]] 12 parts, or uncias, [[with]] the [[following]] [[particular]] designations: [[uncia]] = 1s./12 duodecima (sc. [[pars]]) [[sextans]] = 2/12 = 1s./6 sexta [[quadrans]] = 3/12 = 1s./4 quarta, also [[teruncius]] or [[triuncis]] [[triens]] = 4/12 = 1s./3 tertia or [[quincunx]] = 5s./12 [[sextans]] cum quadrante [[semissis]] s. [[semis]] = 6/12 = 1s./2 dimidia [[septunx]] = 7s./12 [[quadrans]] cum triente bessis s. bes = 8/12 = 2/3, for beis s. binae partes [[assis]]. [[dodrans]] = 9/12 = 3s./4 [[terni]] quadrantes [[dextans]] s. decunx = 10/12 = 5s./6 [[quini]] sextantes [[deunx]] = 11s./12 [[undecim]] unciaeThe [[uncia]] [[was]] [[again]] divided [[into]] smaller parts: [[semuncia]] = 1/2 [[uncia]] = 1/24 [[assis]]. [[duella]] = 1/3 [[uncia]] = 1/36 [[assis]]. [[sicilicus]] (-um) = 1/4 [[uncia]] = 1/48 [[assis]]. [[sextula]] = 1/6 [[uncia]] = 1/72 [[assis]]. [[drachma]] = 1/8 [[uncia]] = 1/96 [[assis]]. hemisecla = 1/12 [[uncia]] = 1/144 [[assis]]. [[scripulum]] = 1/24 [[uncia]] = 1/288 [[assis]].The multiples of the as [[received]] the [[following]] designations: [[dupondius]] = 2 asses. tripondius s. [[tressis]] = 3 asses. (quadressis) = 4 asses. [[quinquessis]] = 5 asses. [[sexis]] ([[only]] in the [[connection]] decussissexis in Vitr. 1. c.) = 6 asses. septissis = 7 asses. [[octussis]] = 8 asses. [[nonussis]] (novissis?) = 9 asses. [[decussis]] = 10 asses. [[bicessis]] = 20 asses. [[tricessis]] = 30 asses, and so on to [[centussis]] = 100 asses. (Cf. Varr. L. L. 5, § 169 sq. Müll.)<br /><b>II</b> Esp.<br /> As a [[copper]] [[coin]], the as [[was]], acc. to the [[ancient]] [[custom]] of [[weighing]] [[money]], [[originally]] a [[pound]] (asses librales or aes [[grave]]), of the [[value]] of [[about]] 8 8d./89, or 16 2/3 cents, and [[was]] [[uncoined]] (aes [[rude]]) [[until]] [[Servius]] [[Tullius]] [[stamped]] it [[with]] the figures of animals ([[hence]] [[pecunia]], from [[pecus]]); cf. Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 9; Plin. 33, 3, 13, § 42 sqq. In the [[first]] Punic [[war]], on [[account]] of the [[scarcity]] of [[money]], the as [[was]] reduced to a [[sixth]] [[part]] of its [[original]] [[weight]], i. e. [[two]] ounces; [[hence]] asses sextantarii (of the [[value]] of [[about]] 1 103d./297, or 2.8 cents), and the [[state]] gained [[five]] sixths. In the [[second]] Punic [[war]], and the [[dictatorship]] of [[Fabius]], the as [[was]] [[again]] reduced one [[half]], to one [[ounce]]; [[hence]] asses unciales, [[about]] [[equal]] to 200d./297, or 1.4 cents. Finally, the Lex Papiria (A.U.C. 563, B.C. 191) reduced the as to [[half]] an [[ounce]]; [[hence]] asses semiunciales = 100d./297, or 7.9 1/3 mills, [[which]] continued as a [[standard]] [[even]] under the emperors. In all these reductions, [[however]], the names of coins remained, [[independent]] of the [[weight]] of the as: [[uncia]], [[sextans]], [[quadrans]], etc.; cf. Grotef. Gr. II. p. 253 sq.—From the [[small]] [[value]] of the as [[after]] the [[last]] [[reduction]], the [[following]] phrases arose: [[quod]] non [[opus]] est, asse carum est, [[Cato]] ap. Sen. Ep. 94: Quod (sc. [[pondus]] auri) si comminuas, vilem redigatur ad assem, Hor. S. 1, 1, 43: viatica ad assem Perdiderat, to the [[last]] [[farthing]], id. Ep. 2, 2, 27: ad assem [[impendium]] reddere, Plin. Ep. 1, 15: rumores Omnes unius aestimemus [[assis]], Cat. 5, 3: Non [[assis]] facis? id. 42, 13.—Hence,<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The proverbs,<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>a</b> Assem habeas, assem valeas, [[your]] [[worth]] is estimated by [[your]] possessions, Petr. 77, 6: [[crumena]] plena assium, Gell. 20, 1.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> Assem elephanto [[dare]], to [[give]] [[something]] (as a [[petition]], and the [[like]]) [[with]] [[trembling]] to a [[superior]] (a [[metaphor]] [[derived]] from [[trained]] elephants, [[which]], [[after]] playing [[their]] parts, were [[accustomed]] to [[take]] [[pay]] for [[themselves]], [[which]] [[was]] given [[them]] [[with]] [[fear]] by the [[multitude]]; cf. Plin. 8, 5, 5, § 14), [[Augustus]] ap. Quint. 6, 3, 59, and Macr. S. 2, 4; Varr. ap. Non. p. 531, 10 sq.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> In inheritances and [[other]] [[money]] matters, [[where]] a [[division]] [[was]] made, the as, [[with]] its parts, [[was]] used to [[designate]] the portions. Thus [[haeres]] ex asse, [[sole]] [[heir]]; [[haeres]] ex semisse, he [[who]] receives one [[half]] of the [[inheritance]]; [[haeres]] ex dodrante, he [[who]] receives [[three]] fourths; and so, [[haeres]] ex besse, triente, quadrante, sextante, etc.; ex semiunciā, ex sextulā, ex duabus sextulis, etc., Dig. 28, 5, 50; 34, 9, 2; Suet. Caes. 83; Cic. Caecin. 6 et saep.: [[Nerva]] constituit, ut tu ex triente [[socius]] esses, ego ex besse, Dig. 17, 2, 76: bessem fundi [[emere]] ab [[aliquo]], ib. 26, 21, 2, § 39: [[quadrans]] et [[semissis]] fundi, ib. 6, 1, 8 al.; [[hence]], in assem, in asse, or ex asse, in all, [[entirely]], [[completely]], Dig. 36, 45: vendere fundum in assem, ib. 20, 6, 9; so Col. 3, 3, 8 and 9: in asse, id. 2, 12, 7: sic in asse flunt [[octo]] menses et [[dies]] [[decem]], id. 2, 12, 7: ex asse aut ex parte possidere, Dig. 2, 8, 15; Sid. Ep. 2, 1; 6, 12; 8, 6 al.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>C</b> As a [[measure]] of [[extent]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>a</b> An [[acre]], acc. to the [[same]] divisions as [[above]], from [[scripulum]] to the as, Col. 5, 1, 9 sq.: proscindere semissem, iterare assem, Plin. 18, 19, 49, § 178.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> A [[foot]], Col. 5, 3.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>D</b> Of [[weight]], a [[pound]], acc. to the [[same]] [[division]]; cf. Fann. Pond. 41: In haec [[solide]] sexta [[face]] [[assis]] [[eat]], Ov. Med. Fac. 60.← Mathematicians (v. Vitr. l. c.) called the [[number]] 6 [[perfectus]] [[numerus]] ([[since]] 1 + 2 + 3 = 6), and formed, [[accordingly]], the [[following]] [[terminology]]: 1 = [[sextans]], as a [[dice]]-[[number]] . [[unio]]. 2 = [[triens]]……… . [[binio]]. 3 = [[semissis]]……… . [[ternio]]. 4 = bessis (διμοιρος)…… [[quaternio]]. 5 = [[quintarius]]…… . [[quinio]]. 6 = [[perfectus]] [[numerus]]… . [[senio]]. 7 = [[ἔφεκτος]], [[sex]] adjecto asse = 6 + 1. 8 = adtertiarius, [[sex]] adjectā tertiā = 6 + 2 ([[ἐπίτριτος]]). 9 = [[sesquialter]], [[sex]] adjectā dimidiā = 6 + 3 ([[ἡμιόλιος]]). 10 = bes [[alter]], [[sex]] duabus partibus additis = 6 + 4 ([[ἐπιδίμοιρος]]). 11 = adquintarius, [[sex]] [[quinque]] partibus additis = 6 + 5 (ἐπιπεντάμοιρος). 12 = [[duplio]] ([[διπλασίων]]).

|georg=as, [[assis]], m. (vgl. [[εἷς]]), das [[Ganze]] [[als]] [[Einheit]], I) eingeteilt in 12 unciae (d.i. [[zwölf]] [[Zwölftel]]), [[genannt]]: [[uncia]] = ¹/<[[sub]]>12</[[sub]]>, [[sextans]] = ²/<[[sub]]>12</[[sub]]> od. ¹/<[[sub]]>6</[[sub]]>, [[quadrans]] = ³/<[[sub]]>12</[[sub]]> od. ¹/<[[sub]]>4</[[sub]]>, [[triens]] = ⁴/<[[sub]]>12</[[sub]]> od. ¹/<[[sub]]>3</[[sub]]>, [[quincunx]] = ⁵/<[[sub]]>12</[[sub]]>, [[semis]] = ⁶/<[[sub]]>12</[[sub]]> od. ¹/<[[sub]]>2</[[sub]]>, [[septunx]] = ⁷/<[[sub]]>12</[[sub]]>, [[bes]] = ⁸/<[[sub]]>12</[[sub]]> od.²/<[[sub]]>3</[[sub]]>, [[dodrans]] = ⁹/<[[sub]]>12</[[sub]]> od. ³/<[[sub]]>12</[[sub]]>, [[dextans]] = ¹⁰/<[[sub]]>12</[[sub]]> od.⁵/<[[sub]]>6</[[sub]]>, [[deunx]] = ¹¹/<[[sub]]>12</[[sub]]>, A) im allg.: si assem abstulero, [[wenn]] [[ich]] [[eins]] wegnehme, Boëth. art. geom. p. 410, 21 Fr. – [[bes]]. [[bei]] Erbschaften, ex asse [[heres]], [[Universalerbe]], Quint. 7, 1, 20 u. ICt.: si [[mater]] te ex parte [[quarta]] scripsisset heredem ([[auf]] das [[Viertel]] = [[Pflichtteil]] [[gesetzt]] hätte), [[num]] queri posses? [[quid]] si heredem instituisset ex asse, [[sed]] legatis [[ita]] hausisset, ut [[non]] [[amplius]] [[apud]] te, [[quam]] [[quarta]] remaneret? Plin. ep. 5, 1, 9. – in assem, ins [[Ganze]], [[ganz]], [[völlig]], Col. u. ICt.: so [[auch]] in asse, Col.: u. ex asse (Ggstz. ex parte), Col. u. ICt. – B) insbes.: 1) [[als]] [[Münze]], der As, [[mit]] obiger [[Einteilung]], urspr. [[ein]] römisches [[Pfund]] (as [[librarius]], Gell. 20, 1, 31), [[aber]] [[durch]] [[mehrere]] Reduktionen [[endlich]] [[bis]] [[auf]] ¹/<[[sub]]>24</[[sub]]> [[Pfund]] gebracht. Ein as galt zu Ciceros Zeiten [[ungefähr]] [[fünf]] Pfennige: asses scortini (aus [[Leder]]), Suet. fr.: [[cibus]] [[uno]] asse [[venalis]], Plin.: [[crumena]] assium plena, Gell.: assem nullum dare, Cic.: asse ([[für]] [[einen]] As) [[duas]] [[ficus]], Lucil. fr.: u. so asse [[vinum]], Varr. fr.: u. asse [[modium]] [[populo]] dare, Cic.: asse panem [[emere]], Petr.: asse venire (verkauft [[werden]]), Vulg.: [[lomentum]] quinis assibus aestimatum, Plin.: [[sat]] [[hic]] [[vicinus]] asses perperisset [[nobis]], Caecil. com. fr.: dah. ad assem, [[bis]] [[auf]] [[einen]] [[Pfennig]] ([[Heller]], [[Kreuzer]]) = alles [[zusammen]], ad assem perdere [[omnia]], Hor.: ad assem [[impendium]] reddere, Plin. ep. – [[unius]] [[assis]] [[non]] [[umquam]] [[pretio]] [[pluris]] licuisse, Hor.: [[unius]] [[assis]] aestimare, [[gering]] [[achten]], Catull.: so [[auch]] [[non]] [[assis]] facere, Catull. u. Sen.: vilem redigi ad assem, zur [[Bagatelle]] [[werden]], Hor.: assem para, halte [[einen]] As (Dreier) [[bereit]] ([[als]] [[Lohn]] [[für]] [[ein]] [[Geschichtchen]]), Plin. ep.: u. so assem elephanto dare, dem E. ([[schüchtern]]) [[ein]] [[Trinkgeld]] ([[für]] seine Künste) [[geben]], [[August]]. fr.: [[quod]] [[non]] [[opus]] est, asse [[carum]] est, [[Cato]] fr.: ab asse crevit, [[mit]] [[fast]] [[nichts]] hat er angefangen (er hat es vom [[Heller]] zum Taler gebracht), Petr. 43, 1: assem habeas, assem valeas, [[wieviel]] [[einer]] hat, so [[viel]] ist er [[wert]], Petr. 77, 6. Vgl. Barth das Röm. As usw. Leipz. 1838. – 2) [[als]] [[Gewicht]] [[ein]] [[Pfund]], Ov. [[med]]. [[fac]]. 60. Auct. carm. de pond. 41. – 3) [[als]] Ackermaß, [[ein]] [[Morgen]] [[Land]], Col. u. Plin. – 4) [[als]] Längenmaß, [[ein]] [[Fuß]], Col. 5, 3, 3 sq. – II) [[bei]] den Mathematikern, die die [[Zahl]] 6 [[als]] [[numerus]] [[perfectus]] ([[weil]] 1 + 2 + 3 = 6), annahmen, = [[ein]] Ganzes [[von]] [[sechs]] [[Teilen]], die [[sextans]] (¹/<[[sub]]>6</[[sub]]>), [[triens]] (²/<[[sub]]>6</[[sub]]> = ¹/<[[sub]]>3</[[sub]]>), [[semissis]] (³/<[[sub]]>6</[[sub]]> = ¹/<[[sub]]>2</[[sub]]>), [[bes]] (⁴/<[[sub]]>6</[[sub]]> = ²/<[[sub]]>3</[[sub]]>), [[quinarius]] (⁵/<[[sub]]>6</[[sub]]>) [[heißen]], Vitr. 3, 1. – / Genet. Plur. gew. assium (s. Mart Cap. 3. § 299 [die codices [[haben]] [[assum]]], [[Fest]]. p. 347 (a), 2. Val. Max. 4, 3, 11. Plin. 33, 43. Gell. 20, 1. § 13 u. 31. [[Gaius]] inst. 3, 223. Ulp. fr. tit. 1, 2: [[selten]] [[assum]], Varr. LL. 5, 180 (vgl. Fragm. Bob. de nom. et pron. 22. p. 560, 1 K.). – Nbf. a) [[assis]], Plin. 33, 42. Donat. Ter. Phorm. 1, 1, 9. Schol. Pers. 2, 59 ([[verworfen]] [[von]] [[Charis]]. 76, 3). – b) [[assarius]], Varr. LL. 8, 71 (wo Plur. assarii, Genet. assariorum u. synk. assariûm). Rufin. interpr. Iosephi antiqu. 3, 1. Placid. gloss (V) 48, 31 u. [[assarium]], Gloss. II, 24, 7.