plebs: Difference between revisions

{{Lewis

|lshtext=<b>plebs</b>: (in inscriptions [[often]] PLEPS), -bis, and archaic plēbēs (‡ plēbis), is and ĕi (plebium, Prud. στεφ. 10, 709:<br /><b>I</b> plebibus, Aug. Ep. 166), f. [[root]] ple-, [[fill]]; [[whence]] Gr. [[πίμπλημι]], [[πλήρης]]; cf. πλῆ θος, [[multitude]].<br /><b>I</b> Lit., the [[common]] [[people]], the [[commons]] or [[commonalty]], the plebeians (opp. the patricians, senators, and knights; [[whereas]] [[populus]] signifies the [[collective]] [[people]], including, [[therefore]], the Senate), Cic. Leg. 3, 3, 10: [[plebes]] in hoc regi antistat [[loco]], [[licet]] Lacrumare plebi, regi [[honeste]] non [[licet]], Enn. ap. Hier. Epit. Nep. p. 590 Mign. (Trag. v. 271 Vahl.): [[plebs]] a [[populo]] eo differt quo [[species]] a genere: nam appellatione populi universi cives significantur, connumeratis [[etiam]] patriciis et senatoribus: [[plebis]] [[autem]] appellatione [[sine]] patribus et senatu ceteri cives significantur, Just. Inst. 1, 2, 4; cf. Gai. Inst. 1, 3: [[plebes]] dominandi [[studio]] permota a patribus secessit, Sall. C. 33, 3: ita tribuni plebei creati duo, Liv. 2, 33, 2: dum [[decem]] tribunos plebi faceret, id. 3, 65, 4: non [[enim]] populi, sed [[plebis]] eum (sc.: tribunum [[plebis]]) magistratum esse, Liv. 2, 56: [[populo]] plebique Romanae, Cic. Mur. 1, 1: in duas partes ego civitatem divisam [[arbitror]] in patres, et plebem, Sall. Or. ad Caes. 2, 5; Liv. 2, 56: Martia [[Roma]] [[triplex]] equitatu, plebe, senatu, Aus. Idyll. 11, 78.—<br /><b>II</b> Transf., in gen.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> The [[great]] [[mass]], the [[multitude]]: in Hyrcaniā, [[plebs]] publicos alit [[canes]], optimates domesticos, Cic. Tusc. 1, 45, 108: plebem et infimam multitudinem delinire, id. Mil. 35, 95.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> With [[accessory]] [[notion]] of [[contempt]], the [[populace]], the [[lower]] [[class]] or [[order]], the [[mass]] ([[poet]]. and in [[post]]-Aug. [[prose]]): [[multitudo]] de plebe, Liv. 5, 39: si quadringentis [[sex]] [[septem]] millia desunt, Plebs eris, [[you]] shall be [[plebeian]], Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 59: misera, id. S. 1, 8, 10: ventosa, id. Ep. 1, 19, 37: immensa nimiaque, Juv. 11, 194.—Among the gods: [[plebs]] Superūm, Fauni, Satyrique, Laresque, Fluminaque, et Nymphae, Semideūmque [[genus]], Ov. Ib. 81.—Of bees, a [[stock]], [[swarm]], [[hive]] ([[meaning]] the [[great]] [[mass]], opp. to the [[queen]]); in plur. ([[rare]]): [[tres]] alveorum [[plebes]], Col. 9, 11, 1: [[corona]] plebium, Prud. στεφ. 10, 709.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>C</b> The [[whole]] [[people]], [[nation]], [[community]], = [[populus]] ([[late]] Lat.), Vulg. Gen. 23, 13: [[plebs]] tua [[Israel]], id. Luc. 2, 32 et saep.

{{Georges

|georg=plēbs, plēbis, f. (plēre, πληθος), die [[Volksmenge]], dah. I) der Bürgerstand, die Bürgerlichen, das [[Volk]], die [[Plebejer]] (Ggstz. [[patricii]], patres, [[senatus]], [[während]] [[populus]] [[auch]] diese umfaßt), Cic.: [[dictator]] de plebe [[dictus]], Liv.: consulem de plebe [[non]] accipiebat, Cic.: Plur., Apul. de dogm. Plat. 2, 24. Augustin. epist. 105, 1: urbanae et rusticae [[plebes]], Lact. de mort. pers. 23, 2: [[corona]] plebium, Prud. perist. 10, 709. – II) übtr., der große [[Haufe]], die [[Menge]], das [[Volk]], die geringere (arme) [[Klasse]], die Armen (Ggstz. divites), verächtl. der [[Pöbel]] (Ggstz. optimates), Cic. u.a.: verb. [[plebs]] et infima [[multitudo]], Cic. – [[plebs]] eris, du bleibst [[Pöbel]], Hor. – [[plebs]] deorum, die [[niedere]] Götterschar, Ov. u. Mart.: u. so [[plebs]] superûm, [[Fauni]] Satyrique etc., Ov.: legentium [[plebs]], die gewöhnlichen [[Leser]], Macr. – [[tres]] alveorum [[plebes]] in unum contribuere, [[drei]] Stöcke vereinigen, Colum. 9, 11, 1. – / In Inschr. [[sehr]] [[oft]] [[pleps]], zB. Corp. inscr. Lat. 2, 34 u. 53; 3, 2920; 5, 331 u. ö.

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