Ζεύς: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ὁ, nom. Il.1.175, al., once written<br><span class="bld">A</span> [[Ζηύς]] ''IG''12(3).1313 (Thera), but [[Ζεύς]] ib.1316, al.; Boeot. [[Δεύς]] ([[quod vide|q.v.]]); voc. [[Ζεῦ]] Il.1.503, etc.; gen. [[Διϝός]] ''BMus.Inscr.''952 (Cephallenia, vi B.C.), Διός Il.1.63, etc.; dat. Διϝί ''Schwyzer'' 80 (Argive, from Olympia, v B.C.), Διί Il.1.578, al., ''IG''12.80.12 (v B.C.), etc., contr. [[Δί]] [ῑ] Pi.''O.''13.106, ''SIG''9,35 (Elis, vi B.C., Syrac., v B.C., from Olympia); late Δεΐ ''JHS''32.167 (Pisidia), etc.; acc. [[Δία]], rarer than [[Διός]], [[Διί]] in Hom. (Il.1.394, al.), freq. later (cf. Skt. dyaús, gen. divás, loc. diví 'sky', 'heaven', 'day', loc. also dyávi,= Lat. [[Jove]], acc. dyā́m,= Lat. [[diem]],= Gr. [[Ζῆν]] (v. infr.)): also nom. [[Ζήν]] prob. in A.''Supp.''162 (lyr.); gen. dat. acc. [[Ζηνός]], [[Ζηνί]], [[Ζῆνα]], Il.4.408, 2.49, 14.157, al., freq. in Trag. (Com. only in Trag. phrases); Coan Ζηνί ''SIG''1025.24 (iv/iii B.C.); acc. [[Ζῆν]] (Ζῆν' Aristarch.) Il.8.206, 14.265, 24.331, Hes.''Th.''884, at end of verse, before vowel in next verse (stem Ζην- prob. originated in acc. sg.); Cret. [[Ττηνός]], [[Ττηνί]], ''GDI''5024.23, 77, [[Τῆνα]], [[Τηνί]], ib.5039.11, 5145.12, Δῆνα ''SIG''527.17 (iii B.C.); nom. [[Δήν]] Hdn.Gr.2.911:—Dor. and Att.-Ion. forms with α (of doubtful origin), nom. Ζάν Pythag. ap. Porph.''VP''17, [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[The Birds|Av.]]''570; gen. Ζανός ''Schwyzer'' 696 (Chios, iv B.C.), Cerc.1.7, Philox.3.10, ''IG''5(1).407 (Sparta, ii A.D.); [[Ζανός]] and [[Ζανί]], ''Lyr.Adesp.'' 82A, B (Ionic); acc. Ζᾶνα Call.''Fr.''10.6P., cf. Euhem.24J. (''FGrH'' 63); nom. Ζάς Pherecyd.Syr.1, 2 ([[Ζής]] ap.Hdn.Gr. [[l.c.]]), Ζάς Ζαντός Choerob. ''in Theod.''1.116; Δάν ([[quod vide|q.v.]]); Τάν Head ''Hist.Num.''2469 (Crete); nom. Δίς Rhinth.14, Hdn.Gr. [[l.c.]]:—obl. cases [[Ζεός]], [[Ζεΐ]], [[Ζέα]], cited by S.E.''M.''1.177, 195; [[Ζεῦν]] [[falsa lectio|f.l.]] for Ζῆν' Aeschrio 8.5: the pl. [[Δίες]], [[Δίας]], [[Διῶν]], [[Δισί]], Ael.Dion.''Fr.''127; τοὺς κτησίους Δίας Ath. 11.473b; Δίες καὶ Ζῆνες ''Stoic.''2.191; Elean Ζᾶνες Paus.5.21.2:—[[Zeus]], the [[sky]]-[[god]], ὔει μὲν ὀ Ζεύς Alc.34, cf. ''SIG''93.34 (v B.C.), Thphr. ''Char.''14.12, etc.; Ζεῦ ἄλλοι τε θεοί Il.6.476; [[ὦ Ζεῦ καὶ πάντες θεοί]], [[ὦ Ζεῦ καὶ θεοί]], [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''2.2.10, Ar.''Pl.''1, etc.; Ζεῦ Ζεῦ A.''Ch.''246, Ar.''V.''323 (lyr., prob. l.); ὦ Ζεῦ βασιλεῦ, τῆς λεπτότητος τῶν φρενῶν Id.''Nu.''153; in oaths, [[οὐ μὰ Ζῆνα]], twice in Hom., Il.23.43, Od.20.339: freq. in Com. and Prose, οὐ μὰ Δία Ar.''V.''193, Pl.''R.''426b (c.Art., μὰ τὸν Δί', οὐ Ar.''V.''169, al.); ναὶ μὰ Δία Id.''Ach.''88, [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Memorabilia|Mem.]]''2.7.14; [[νὴ τὸν Δία]] or [[νὴ Δία]], Ar.''V.''217, ''Eq.''319, etc.; cf. νηδί; πρὸς τοῦ Διός Id.''Av.''130; πρὸς Διός X.''An.''5.7.32; [[οὐ τὸν Δία]] alone, Ar.''Lys.''986: [[proverb|prov.]] of enormous [[wealth]], τῷ Διὶ πλούτου πέρι ἐρίζειν [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]5.49.<br><span class="bld">II</span> of other deities, [[Ζεὺς καταχθόνιος]],= [[Πλούτων]], Il.9.457; Ζεὺς χθόνιος S.''OC''1606, ''SIG''1024.25 (Myconos, iii/ii B.C.); of non-Greek divinities, Ζεὺς Ἄμμων Pi.''P.'' 4.16, etc.; freq. of Semitic Baalim, Ζεὺς [[Βεελβώσωρος]], etc., ''OGI''620 (Gerasa, i A.D.)), etc.; Ζεὺς [[Ὠρομάσδης]],= Pers. [[Ahuramazda]], ib.383.41 (Nemrud Dagh, i B.C.).<br><span class="bld">III</span> of persons, ὁ [[σχινοκέφαλος]] Ζεύς, iron. of [[Pericles]], Cratin.71; in flattery of kings, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]7.56 (of [[Xerxes]]); [[Ξέρξης]] ὁ τῶν Περσῶν Ζεύς Gorg.''Fr.''5aD.; [ἱερεὺς] Σελεύκου Διὸς Νικάτορος ''OGI''245.10 (ii B.C.); of the Roman emperors, Opp.''C.''1.3; [[Νέρων]] Ζεὺς Ἐλευθέριος ''IG''7.2713.41 (Acraephiae), etc.; Ζῆνα τὸν Αἰνεάδην ''AP''9.307 (Phil.).<br><span class="bld">IV</span> [[Διὸς ἀστήρ]] the [[planet Jupiter]], Pl.''Epin.'' 987c, [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Meteorologica|Mete.]]''343b30, etc.; so Ζεύς ''[[Placita Philosophorum|Placit.]]''2.32.1, Cleom.2.7; [[Διὸς ἡμέρα]] a day of the week, D.C.37.19.<br><span class="bld">V</span> Pythagorean name for the [[monad]], Theol.Ar.12.

|etymtx=Grammatical information: m.<br />Other forms: Boeot. Lac. etc. [[Δεύς]], voc. [[Ζεῦ]], gen. <b class="b3">Δι(Ϝ)ός</b>, dat. (loc.) <b class="b3">Δι(Ϝ)ί</b>, dat. also [[ΔιϜεί]] (e. g. <b class="b3">ΔιϜεί-φιλος</b>; ), acc. [[Ζῆν]], since Hom. also <b class="b3">Δί-α</b>, <b class="b3">Ζῆν-α</b> with <b class="b3">Ζην-ός</b>, <b class="b3">-ί</b>; nom. [[Ζήν]] (A. Supp. 162 [lyr.]; or voc.?), [[Ζάν]] (Pythag., Ar.), [[Ζάς]] (Pherec. Syr.), gen. [[Ζανός]] (inscr. Chios IVa [? ] a. o.); note [[Δᾶν]] (Theocr. 4, 17); more forms in Schwyzer 576f., Leumann Hom. Wörter 288ff. and the dict.<br />Dialectal forms: Myc. dat. <b class="b2">diwe /diwei/</b><br />Compounds: As 1. member in univerbations like <b class="b3">Διόσ-κουροι</b> (gen.; also <b class="b3">Διεσ-κουρίδου</b> [Priene a. o.]), <b class="b3">ΔιϜεί-φιλος</b> (dat.), stemform e. g. in <b class="b3">διο-γενής</b>; also <b class="b3">Ζηνό-δοτος</b> (for <b class="b3">Διόσ-δοτος</b>) a. o.; as 2. member in [[ἔνδιος]], [[εὑδία]], s. vv.; cf. also [[αὑτόδιον]].<br />Derivatives: [[δῖος]], s. v.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [184] <b class="b2">&#42;dieu-</b> [[Zeus]]<br />Etymology: Ols name of heaven, of the god of heaven, of the day, preserved especially in Sanskrit, Greek and Italic, and prob. in Hittite, with several related forms: [[Ζεύς]] = Skt. <b class="b2">dyáuḥ</b> [[(god of) heaven]], [[day]], Lat. [[Iovis]] and pob. in <b class="b2">nu-diūs tertius</b> <b class="b2">(it is) now the third day</b>, i. e. [[the day before yesterday]], IE <b class="b2">&#42;d(i)i̯ēus</b>; also Hitt. <b class="b2">&#42;šiuš</b>, <b class="b2">šiun(i</b>)- [[god]]; <b class="b3">Ζεῦ πάτερ</b> = Lat. [[Iūpiter]], [[Ζῆν]] = Skt. <b class="b2">dyā́m</b>, Lat. [[diem]] (with new nom. [[diēs]], [[Diēspiter]]; cf. also Illyr. [[Δειπάτυρος]]); the other oblique cases, <b class="b3">ΔιϜ-ός</b>, <b class="b3">-εί</b>, <b class="b3">-ί</b>, [[Δία]] agree with Skt. <b class="b2">diváḥ</b>, <b class="b2">divé</b>, <b class="b2">diví</b>, <b class="b2">dívam</b> (partly parallell innovations). New in Greek are <b class="b3">Ζῆν-α</b> (after <b class="b3">Δί-α</b>) with [[Ζηνός]], <b class="b3">-ί</b>, which contains the old acc. <b class="b2">&#42;Di̯e(u)m</b> with early loss of the <b class="b2">u̯</b> seen also in Skt. [[Dyam]]; not to IE <b class="b2">&#42;din-</b> [[day]] in Lat. [[nun-dinae]] [[market-day]], Skt. [[madhyán-dinam]] [[midday]] a. o. (after Kretschmer Glotta 14, 303f. also <b class="b3">Τιν-δαρίδαι</b> and 30, 93ff). - The [[α]] in [[Ζάς]], [[Ζάν]], [[Ζανός]] was spread from Elean Olympia, where [[η]] became [[α]], s. Leumann Hom. Wörter 288ff. (after Kretschmer Glotta 17, 197) and Fraenkel Gnomon 23, 373. - It is generally assumed that IE <b class="b2">&#42;d(i)i̯ēus</b> is an agent noon of the verb seen in Skt. <b class="b2">dī́-de-ti</b> [[shine]], gr. [[δέατο]] (s. v.) meaning [[shine]], [[glow]], [[light]]; <b class="b2">&#42;d(i)i̯ēus</b> prop. "the shining, gleaming". Objections in Wackernagel BerlAkSb. 1918, 396ff. (= Kl. Schr. 1, 315ff.), Nilsson Gr. Rel. 1, 391. Beside [[Ζεύς]] etc. there is an old appellative for [[god]] in Skt. <b class="b2">deváḥ</b> = Lat. [[deus]] = Lith. <b class="b2">diẽvas</b> a. o., IE <b class="b2">&#42;deiu̯os</b>; prop. "the heavenly, caelestis" as deriv. from the noun for [[heaven]]. - Except Bq see W.-Hofmann s. [[diēs]], Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. <b class="b2">diẽvas</b>, Wackernagel-Debrunner Aind. Gramm. 3, 219ff., Mayrhofer EWAia. s. <b class="b2">dyáuh</b>, Benveniste Origines 59f, 166. (Cf. also [[Τινδαρίδαι]]).