ἀντί: Difference between revisions

|Definition=Prep. governing gen.:—orig. sense,<br><span class="bld">A</span> [[over against]]. (Cf. Skt. ánti '[[opposite]]', '[[facing]]', Lat. [[ante]], etc.)<br><span class="bld">A</span> USAGE:<br><span class="bld">I</span> of [[place]], [[opposite]], [[over against]], formerly quoted from several places of Hom., as Il.21.481 <b class="b3">ἀντὶ ἐμεῖο</b> (where now <b class="b3">ἀντί' ἐμεῖο</b>, i.e. [[ἀντία]]) <b class="b3"> Τρώων ἄνθ' ἑκατόν</b> (i.e. [[ἄντα]]) 8.233; so <b class="b3">ἄντ' Αἴαντος</b> (i.e. [[ἄντα]]) 15.415, cf. Od.4.115, Hes.''Op.''727; but [[ἀντί]] is so used in X.''An.''4.7.6, ''IG''2.835c-l68; <b class="b3">αἱ ὀπαὶ αἱ γιγνόμεναι ἀ. τόρμων</b> mortises [[facing]] [[tenon]]s, Hero ''Bel.''97.5; <b class="b3">ἀντὶ μαιτύρων</b> [[in the presence of]] [[witness]]es, ''Leg.Gort.''1.40; ἀντὶ τῆς ὄψεως ἡμῶν Eudox.''Ars''18.<br><span class="bld">II</span> of [[time]], <b class="b3">ἀντὶ νυκτός</b> [[the same]] [[night]], ''SIG''1025.43 (Cos); ἀντὶ [[ϝέτεος]] ''GDI''2561 ''A''45 (Delph.); ἀντ' ἐνιαυτοῦ ''IG''5(2).266.8 (Mantinea, i B.C.); <b class="b3">ἀνθ' ἡμέρας· δι' ὅλης τῆς ἡμέρας</b>, [[Hesychius Lexicographus|Hsch.]]; cf. [[ἀντετοῦς]].<br><span class="bld">III</span> [[instead]], [[in the place of]], Ἕκτορος ἀντὶ πεφάσθαι Il.24.254; ἀντὶ γάμοιο τάφον Od.20.307; so later πολέμιος ἀντὶ φίλου καταστῆναι [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.87; ἀντὶ ἡμέρης νὺξ ἐγένετο Id.7.37; ἀντὶ φωτῶν σποδός A.''Ag.''434; τὸν πόλεμον ἀντ' εἰρήνης μεταλαμβάνειν Th.1.120, cf. 4.20, 7.75; βασιλεύειν ἀντί τινος X.''An.''1.1.4; also ἀντὶ ἄρχεσθαι ὑπ' ἄλλων ἄρχειν ἁπάντων [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.210, cf.6.32, 7.170 (where the usual constr. would be <b class="b3">ἀντὶ τοῦ ἄρχεσθαι</b>, cf. Th.7.28, [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''6.2.19, etc.); ὀργίλοι ἀντὶ θυμοειδοῦς γεγένηνται [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 411c: sometimes used elliptically, <b class="b3">ἦ 'τολμήσατ' ἀντ' ἐμοῦ δοῦναί τινι</b>; i.e. <b class="b3">ἀντὶ τοῦ ἐμοὶ δοῦναι</b>, S.''Ph.''369, cf. ''OC''448, [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[The Birds|Av.]]''58.<br><span class="bld">2</span> in Hom. often to denote [[equivalence]], <b class="b3">ἀντί νυ πολλῶν λαῶν ἐστιν ἀνήρ</b> he is [[as good as]] many men, Il.9.116; <b class="b3">ἀντὶ κασιγνήτου ξεῖνος.. τέτυκται</b> a guest is [[as much as]] a [[brother]], Od.8.546; <b class="b3">ἀντί τοί εἰμ' ἱκέταο</b> [[I]] am [[as]] a [[suppliant]], Il.21.75, cf. 8.163; so later <b class="b3">τοῦτό σφι ἀντὶ λουτροῦ ἐστί</b> [[serve]]s [[as]] a [[bath]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]4.75; <b class="b3">ὑπάρχειν ἀντὶ τῶν ἔνδον</b> to be as [[hostage]]s for.., Th.2.5; <b class="b3">δουλεύειν ἀντὶ ἀργυρωνήτων</b> [[just like]] bought slaves, D.17.3; ἀντὶ [πλεύμονος] βράγχια [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[De Partibus Animalium|PA]]''669a4.<br><span class="bld">3</span> to denote exchange, [[at the price of]], [[in return for]], σοὶ δὲ θεοὶ τῶνδ' ἀντὶ χάριν.. δοῖεν Il.23.650; <b class="b3">νῆσον ἀντὶ χρημάτων παρέλαβον</b> [[for]] money paid, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]3.59; ἀντ' ἀργυρίου ἀλλάξασθαι [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 371d; [[ἀμείβειν]] τι ἀντί τινος Pi.''P.''4.17, cf. [[Euripides|E.]]''[[Orestes|Or.]]''646,651; ἀντὶ ποίας εὐεργεσίας; Lys.6.40, etc.; τί δ' ἐστὶν ἀνθ' οὗ..; S.''Ant.''237; [[ὄνειδος]] ἀνθ' ὅτου Id.''OC''967; <b class="b3">δοίην ἀντ' ἀνιῶν ἀνίας</b> [[grief]] [[for]] [[grief]], Thgn.344; ἀντ' ἀγαθῶν ἀγαθοῖσι βρύοις A.''Supp.''966:—hence ἀνθ' ὧν [[wherefore]], [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[Prometheus Vinctus|Pr.]]''31, [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''264, Th.6.83, ''Ev.Luc.''12.3; ἀντὶ τούτου [[therefore]], Ep.Eph.5.31; but <b class="b3">ἀνθ' ὧν</b> also for <b class="b3">ἀντὶ τούτων ὄτι.</b>., [[because]], S.''Ant.'' 1068, Ar.''Pl.''434; ἀντὶ τοῦ; [[wherefore]]? [[why]]? [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''1021; also ἀνθ' ὧν ὅτι ἦτε.. [[instead of being as you were]].., [[LXX]] ''De.''28.62.<br><span class="bld">4</span> [[for the sake of]], Pl.''Mx.''237a, [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Nicomachean Ethics|EN]]''1110a21; with Verbs of entreaty, like [[πρός]] c. gen., ἀντὶ παίδων ἱκετεύομέν σε S.''OC''1326.<br><span class="bld">5</span> to mark comparison, <b class="b3">ἓν ἀνθ' ἑνός</b> one [[set against]] the [[other]], [[compared with]] it, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 331b, ''Lg.''705b; <b class="b3">χάριν ἀντὶ χάριτος</b>, i.e. ever-increasing grace, ''Ev.Jo.''1.16; [[in preference to]], ἀφνεὸν βούλεται ἀντ' ἀγαθοῦ Thgn.188; ἀντὶ αὐλοῦ καὶ ἀντὶ κιθάρας ὁ ἦχος ἀκούεται Demetr.''Eloc.'' 71; αἱρεῖσθαί τι ἀντί τινος Isoc.9.3, D.1.1, cf. X.''Lac.''9.1: even after Comparatives, πλέον ἀντὶ σοῦ S.''Tr.''577; μείζον' ὅστις ἀντὶ τῆς αὑτοῦ πάτρας φίλον νομίζει Id.''Ant.''182; so (esp. after a neg.) ἄλλος ἀντ' ἐμοῦ [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[Prometheus Vinctus|Pr.]]''467, [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''444, Ar.''Nu.''653; δόξαν ἀντὶ τοῦ ζῆν ἠγαπηκώς Plu.''Alex.''42.<br><span class="bld">B</span> POSITION: [[ἀντί]] rarely follows its [[case]], as in Il.23.650, A. ''Ag.''1277, ''Ig''5(1).1119 (Geronthrae, iv B.C.), ''AP''7.715 (Leon.); but the Gramm. hold that it never suffers [[anastrophe]].<br><span class="bld">C</span> IN COMPOS. it signifies,<br><span class="bld">1</span> [[over against]], [[opposite]], as [[ἀντιβαίνω]], [[ἀντίπορος]].<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[against]], [[in opposition to]], as [[ἀντιλέγω]], [[ἀντίβιος]].<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[one against another]], [[mutually]], as [[ἀντιδεξιόομαι]].<br><span class="bld">4</span> [[in return]], as [[ἀντιβοηθέω]].<br><span class="bld">5</span> [[instead of]], as [[ἀντιβασιλεύς]], [[ἀνθύπατος]].<br><span class="bld">6</span> [[equal to]], [[like]], as [[ἀντίθεος]], [[ἀντίπαις]], [[ἀντίδουλος]].<br><span class="bld">7</span> [[corresponding]], [[counter]], as [[ἀντίφορτος]], [[ἀντίτυπος]].