σέβομαι: Difference between revisions

|Definition=mostly used in pres.: impf. in [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]7.197: <span class="bld">A</span> fut. σεβήσομαι ''[[Oxyrhynchus Papyri|POxy.]]''1381.202 (ii A.D.): aor. ἐσέφθην [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Fragments|Fr.]]''164, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Phaedrus|Phdr.]]'' 254b, Porph.''Plot.''12:—[[feel awe]] or [[fear]] before God, [[feel shame]], <b class="b3">οὔ νυ σέβεσθε</b>; Il.4.242, cf. Ar.''Nu.''293; τιμῶν καὶ σεβόμενος [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Leges|Lg.]]''729c; [[σεφθεῖσα]] [[awe-stricken]], Id.''[[Phaedrus|Phdr.]]'' [[l.c.]]: rarely c. inf., [[dread]] or [[fear to do]] a thing, σ. προσιδέσθαι... ἀντία φάσθαι [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[The Persians|Pers.]]''694 (lyr.); μιαίνειν τὸ θεῖον Pl.''Ti.''69d; σέβεται καὶ φοβεῖται.. τό τι κινεῖν τῶν καθεστώτων Id.''Lg.'' 798b: so c. acc. rei, [[to fear to do]] it, Antipho 2.4.12: c. part., σ. προσορῶν [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Phaedrus|Phdr.]]'' 250e.<br><span class="bld">2</span> after Hom., c. acc. pers., [[revere]], [[worship]], Κρονίδαν Pi.''P.''6.25; θεούς A.''Supp.''921, etc.; <b class="b3">πάντων ἀνάκτων κοινοβωμίαν</b> ib.223; Λατώ Ar.''Th.''123; <b class="b3">Λυκοῦργον σέβεσθαι</b> [[worship]] him as a [[hero]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.66, cf. 7.197; προσορῶν ὡς θεὸν σ. τινά [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Phaedrus|Phdr.]]'' 251a; [[do homage to]] Zeus, [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[Prometheus Vinctus|Pr.]]''937: generally, [[pay honour to]] or [[pay respect to]].., <b class="b3">θνατοὺς ἄγαν σ.</b> ib.543 (lyr.); τὸ φίλον [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Coloneus|OC]]''187 (lyr.), cf. ''Ph.''1163 (lyr.), etc.; σ. τινὰ τύχης μάκαρος E.''IT''648.<br><span class="bld">b</span> especially of Jewish proselytes, σεβομένη τὸν θεόν ''Act.Ap.''16.14, cf.J.''AJ''14.7.2; <b class="b3">σεβόμενοι προσήλυτοι, Ἕλληνες</b>, ''Act.Ap.''13.43, 17.4; <b class="b3">σεβόμεναι γυναῖκες</b> ib.13.50.<br><span class="bld">3</span> of things, τὰ βυβλία σεβόμενοι μεγάλως [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]3.128; ὄργια Ar.''Th.''949; ὦ Πιερία, σέβεταί σ' Εὔιος E.''Ba.''566 (lyr.); τὸ σῶφρον αἰδούμενος ἅμα καὶ σ. [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Leges|Lg.]]''837c.<br><span class="bld">II</span> Act. [[σέβω]] is post-Hom., used only in pres. and impf., [[worship]], [[honour]], mostly of the gods, σ. Δήμητρος πανήγυριν Archil.120; πατρὸς Ὀλυμπίοιοτιμάν Pi.''O.''14.12; θεούς A.''Th.''596; Νύμφας Id.''Eu.''22; Ἅιδην [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Antigone|Ant.]]''777; <b class="b3">τἀν Ἅιδου</b> ib.780; θεῶν θέσμια Id.''Aj.'' 713(lyr.), etc.; rare in Prose, νομίζεται θεοὺς σέβειν [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Memorabilia|Mem.]]''4.4.19, cf. Ar.''Nu.''600; but also of parents, [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Coloneus|OC]]''1377, cf. ''Ant.''511; of kings, Id.''Aj.''667, etc.; of suppliants, A.''Eu.''151 (lyr.); λέγω κατ' ἄνδρα, μὴ θεόν, σέβειν ἐμέ Id.''Ag.''925; αἰχμὴν.. μᾶλλον θεοῦ σ. Id.''Th.''530; σ. ὀνείρων φάσματα Id.''Ag.''274; τὰς ἐμὰς ἀρχὰς σ. [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Antigone|Ant.]]''744 (<b class="b3">εὖ σέβουσι</b> is dub. cj. for [[εὐσεβοῦσι]] in [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[Agamemnon|Ag.]]''338, cf. E.''Ph.''1320, ''Tr.''85); <b class="b3">σέβειν ἐν τιμῇ</b> c. acc., [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[The Persians|Pers.]]''166, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Leges|Lg.]]''647a: c. inf., <b class="b3">ὑβρίζειν ἐν κακοῖσιν οὐ σέβω</b>, i.e. <b class="b3">τὸ ὑβρίζειν</b>, I do not [[respect]], [[approve]] it, [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[Agamemnon|Ag.]]''1612; τὸ μὴ ἀδικεῖν σέβοντες Id.''Eu.''749: rarely of a god, Ποσειδῶν.. τὰς ἐμὰς ἀρὰς σέβων E.''Hipp.''896:—[[σέβομαι]] as Pass., to [[be reverenced]], ἡ δ' οἴκοι [πόλις] πλέον δίκῃ σέβοιτ' ἄν [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Coloneus|OC]]''760; [[τὸ σεβόμενον]] = [[reverence]], Plu. 2.1101d.<br><span class="bld">2</span> less freq. abs., to [[worship]], to [[be religious]], τὸν σέβοντ' [[εὐεργετεῖν]] A.''Eu.''725, cf. 897; οὐ γὰρ σέβεις [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Antigone|Ant.]]''745; κρίνοντες ἐν ὁμοίῳ καὶ σέβειν καὶ μή Th.2.53; but in all these places an object should perhaps be supplied from the context. ([[σέβομαι]] prob. orig. 'I shrink from..', of which [[σοβέω]] is the causal; perhaps cogn. with Skt. tyajati '[[desert]], [[let go]]'.)