ἐπίστασις: Difference between revisions

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|Transliteration C=epistasis
|Transliteration C=epistasis
|Beta Code=e)pi/stasis
|Beta Code=e)pi/stasis
|Definition=εως, ἡ, ([[ἐφίστημι]]) <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[stopping]], [[stoppage]], [<b class="b3">τῆς κοιλίης</b>], [[οὔρου]], <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Coac.</span>480</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Prorrh.</span>1.110</span>; <b class="b3">ἐπίστασις αἵματος</b> [[sluggishness]] of the [[flow]] of [[blood]], Id.<span class="title">Insomn.</span>93, cf. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">GA</span>718a21</span>; of the [[growth]] of trees, <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">CP</span>2.9.1</span>; <b class="b3">πρὸς ἐπίστασιν τῶν ἄλλων</b> as a [[deterrent]] to others, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PAmh.</span>2.134.9</span> (ii A.D.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span>. [[violence]], [[vehemence]], <b class="b3">ἐπαινεῖ τὴν Ζήνωνος</b> <b class="b3">πραγματείαν μετὰ δή τινος λαμπρᾶς ἐ</b>. <span class="bibl">Procl. <span class="title">in Prm.</span>p.604</span> S. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span>. ([[ἐφίσταμαι]]) [[stopping]], [[halt]], τοῦ στρατεύματος <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>2.4.26</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Plb.8.28.13</span>; <b class="b3">φροντίδων ἐπιστάσεις</b> [[halting]]s of [[thought]], [[anxious]] [[thought]]s, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>225</span>; ἐπιστάσεις καὶ διατριβαί Plu.2.48b (following quot. of <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>232</span>); opp. [[κίνησις]], <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">de An.</span>407a33</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">LI</span>969b3</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span>. <b class="b3">ἐπίστασιν ἔχει, πῶς . .</b> there is a [[difficulty]], as to how... <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Metaph.</span> 1089b25</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span>. [[stopping]] to [[examine]] a thing, [[observation]], [[attention]], τοῦτ' ἄξιον ἐπιστάσεως, εἰ . . <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ph.</span>196a36</span>; <b class="b3">μετὰ ἐ</b>. <span class="bibl">Plb.2.2.2</span>; μετὰ πολλῆς ἐπιστάσεως καὶ [[φιλοτιμία]]ς <span class="bibl">D.S.29.32</span>; ἄξιος ἐπιστάσεως <span class="bibl">Plb.11.2.4</span>, Phld. <span class="title">Rh.</span>1.31 S.; <b class="b3">ἄγειν τινὰ εἰς ἐπίστασιν</b> <span class="bibl">Plb.9.22.7</span>; <b class="b3">ἐξ ἐπιστάσεως ῥητέον</b> [[carefully]], <span class="bibl">Id.3.58.3</span>; <b class="b3">ἐπίστασίν τινων λαμβάνειν</b> Aristeas <span class="bibl">256</span>; [[medical]] [[treatment]], [[care]], πρὸς [[φλεγμονή]]ν <span class="bibl">Sor.1.76</span>: generally, [[care]], [[attention]], <span class="bibl">Phld.<span class="title">Lib.</span> p.50</span>., <span class="title">Mus.</span>p.84K. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span>. = [[ἐπιστασία]] 11, <span class="bibl">D.S.14.82</span>, <span class="bibl">Ph.1.143</span> codd.; <b class="b3">κατὰ τὴν ἐπίστασιν</b> during his [[term]] as [[ἐπιστάτης]], <span class="title">SIG</span>10 (Samos, vi B.C.); [[ἐπίστασις]] ἔργων = [[superintendence]] of [[work]]s, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.5.2</span>; ἡ ἐ. μοι ἡ καθ' ἡμέραν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">2 Ep.Cor.</span>11.28</span>; [[oversight]] of [[student]]s, <span class="bibl">D.H.<span class="title">Comp.</span>1</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span>. [[beginning]], ἐπίστασιν ποιεῖσθαι ἀπὸ . . <span class="bibl">Plb.1.12.6</span>; <b class="b3">ἡ ἐπίστασις τῆς ἱστορίας</b> [[introduction]], <span class="bibl">Id.2.71.7</span>; <b class="b3">ἀρχὴ καὶ ἐπίστασις τῆς κατασκευῆς</b> [[method of setting about]] [[construction]], <span class="bibl">Ph.<span class="title">Bel.</span>50.35</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span>. [[scum]] on [[urine]], <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Aph.</span>7.35</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">6</span>. [[position]] in [[rear]], <b class="b3">τὴν ἐπίστασιν ἐπ' ἀλλήλοις ἔχειν</b> one behind the other, of ships, <span class="bibl">Plb.1.26.12</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">7</span>. = μέρος τι τῆς νεώς, Hsch.; cf. [[ἐπιστατήρ]]. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span>. [[onset]], <span class="bibl">[[LXX]] <span class="title">2 Ma.</span>6.3</span>; ὄχλου <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Act.Ap.</span>24.12</span> ([[nisi legendum|nisi leg.]] [[ἐπισύστασις]]). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">IV</span>. <b class="b3">ἐν ἐπιστάσει καὶ ἐν ἀπολογισμῷ</b>, perhaps of [[land]] of which the [[rent]] has been [[raise]]d, PTeb.61 (a).163 (ii B.C.), al. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">V</span>. Cypr. [[ἐπίσταἱς]], = [[ἐπιστασία]] ''ΙΙ'', <span class="title">Inscr.Cypr.</span>144 H.</span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">VI</span>. [[apparition]], [[presence]] ([[divine]] or [[heroic]]), SEG30.1080 (Samos, c.500 b.c.), ib. 1517 (Perge, v/iv b.c.), Robert Hell.11/12.544 (Miletus, ii a.d.).</span>
|Definition=ἐπιστάσεως, ἡ, ([[ἐφίστημι]])<br><span class="bld">A</span> [[stopping]], [[stoppage]], [τῆς κοιλίης], [[οὔρου]], Hp.''Coac.''480, ''Prorrh.''1.110; <b class="b3">ἐπίστασις αἵματος</b> [[sluggishness]] of the [[flow]] of [[blood]], Id.''Insomn.''93, cf. Arist.''GA''718a21; of the [[growth]] of trees, [[Theophrastus|Thphr.]] ''[[De Causis Plantarum|CP]]'' 2.9.1; <b class="b3">πρὸς ἐπίστασιν τῶν ἄλλων</b> as a [[deterrent]] to others, ''PAmh.''2.134.9 (ii A.D.).<br><span class="bld">2</span>. [[violence]], [[vehemence]], <b class="b3">ἐπαινεῖ τὴν Ζήνωνος</b> <b class="b3">πραγματείαν μετὰ δή τινος λαμπρᾶς ἐ.</b> Procl. ''in Prm.''p.604 S.<br><span class="bld">II</span>. ([[ἐφίσταμαι]]) [[stopping]], [[halt]], τοῦ στρατεύματος X.''An.''2.4.26, cf. Plb.8.28.13; <b class="b3">φροντίδων ἐπιστάσεις</b> [[halting]]s of [[thought]], [[anxious]] [[thought]]s, [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Antigone|Ant.]]''225; ἐπιστάσεις καὶ διατριβαί Plu.2.48b (following quot. of [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Antigone|Ant.]]''232); opp. [[κίνησις]], Arist.''de An.''407a33, cf. ''LI''969b3.<br><span class="bld">b</span>. <b class="b3">ἐπίστασιν ἔχει, πῶς..</b> there is a [[difficulty]], as to how... Id.''Metaph.'' 1089b25.<br><span class="bld">2</span>. [[stopping]] to [[examine]] a thing, [[observation]], [[attention]], τοῦτ' ἄξιον ἐπιστάσεως, εἰ.. Id.''Ph.''196a36; <b class="b3">μετὰ ἐ.</b> Plb.2.2.2; μετὰ πολλῆς ἐπιστάσεως καὶ [[φιλοτιμία]]ς [[Diodorus Siculus|D.S.]]29.32; ἄξιος ἐπιστάσεως Plb.11.2.4, Phld. ''Rh.''1.31 S.; <b class="b3">ἄγειν τινὰ εἰς ἐπίστασιν</b> Plb.9.22.7; <b class="b3">ἐξ ἐπιστάσεως ῥητέον</b> [[carefully]], Id.3.58.3; <b class="b3">ἐπίστασίν τινων λαμβάνειν</b> Aristeas 256; [[medical]] [[treatment]], [[care]], πρὸς [[φλεγμονή]]ν Sor.1.76: generally, [[care]], [[attention]], Phld.''Lib.'' p.50., ''Mus.''p.84K.<br><span class="bld">3</span>. = [[ἐπιστασία]] II, [[Diodorus Siculus|D.S.]]14.82, Ph.1.143 codd.; <b class="b3">κατὰ τὴν ἐπίστασιν</b> during his [[term]] as [[ἐπιστάτης]], ''SIG''10 (Samos, vi B.C.); [[ἐπίστασις]] ἔργων = [[superintendence]] of [[work]]s, [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Memorabilia|Mem.]]''1.5.2; ἡ ἐ. μοι ἡ καθ' ἡμέραν ''2 Ep.Cor.''11.28; [[oversight]] of [[student]]s, [[Dionysius of Halicarnassus|D.H.]]''[[De Compositione Verborum|Comp.]]''1.<br><span class="bld">4</span>. [[beginning]], ἐπίστασιν ποιεῖσθαι ἀπὸ.. Plb.1.12.6; <b class="b3">ἡ ἐπίστασις τῆς ἱστορίας</b> [[introduction]], Id.2.71.7; <b class="b3">ἀρχὴ καὶ ἐπίστασις τῆς κατασκευῆς</b> [[method of setting about]] [[construction]], Ph.''Bel.''50.35.<br><span class="bld">5</span>. [[scum]] on [[urine]], Hp.''Aph.''7.35.<br><span class="bld">6</span>. [[position]] in [[rear]], <b class="b3">τὴν ἐπίστασιν ἐπ' ἀλλήλοις ἔχειν</b> one behind the other, of ships, Plb.1.26.12.<br><span class="bld">7</span>. = μέρος τι τῆς νεώς, [[Hesychius Lexicographus|Hsch.]]; cf. [[ἐπιστατήρ]].<br><span class="bld">III</span>. [[onset]], [[LXX]] ''2 Ma.''6.3; ὄχλου ''Act.Ap.''24.12 ([[nisi legendum|nisi leg.]] [[ἐπισύστασις]]).<br><span class="bld">IV</span>. <b class="b3">ἐν ἐπιστάσει καὶ ἐν ἀπολογισμῷ</b>, perhaps of [[land]] of which the [[rent]] has been [[raise]]d, PTeb.61 (a).163 (ii B.C.), al.<br><span class="bld">V</span>. Cypr. [[ἐπίσταἱς]], = [[ἐπιστασία]] ''ΙΙ'', ''Inscr.Cypr.''144 H.<br><span class="bld">VI</span>. [[apparition]], [[presence]] ([[divine]] or [[heroic]]), SEG30.1080 (Samos, c.500 b.c.), ib. 1517 (Perge, v/iv b.c.), Robert Hell.11/12.544 (Miletus, ii a.d.).
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{{pape
{{pape
|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-01-0982.png Seite 982]] ἡ, 1) das Feststellen, zum Stehen Bringen, Anhalten, Xen. An. 2, 4, 26; <span class="ggns">Gegensatz</span> [[κίνησις]], Arist. de anim. 1, 3; das Stillen, Verstopfen, αἵματος u. ä., Medic. – 2) das Stillstehen, Verweilen bei Etwas, bes. mit den Gedanken, dah. Betrachtung, Überlegung. οὐ τῆς τυ χούσης δεῖται ἐπιστάσεως καὶ θεωρίας Pol. 6, 3, 4, der ἐξ ἐπιστάσεως dem ἐκ παρέργου entgegensetzt, 3, 58, 3; [[ἄξιος]] ἐπιστάσεως καὶ ζήλου 11, 2, 4; vgl. Arist. Metaphys. 13, 2. Aehnlich Soph. Ant. 225 ἔσχον φροντίδων ἐπιστάσεις, wo nur mehr an das wirkliche Stillstehen bei der Überlegung zu denken ist. – 3) Amt des Vorstehers, Aufsicht, Besorgung, ἐπιτρέπειν ἔργων ἐπίστασιν Xen. Mem. 1, 5, 2; Sp., wie D. Sic. 14, 82. – 4) das Herantreten, Anrücken, ποιεῖσθαι τὴν ἐπίστασιν, anrücken, D. Hal. 6, 31, l. d; τὰ [[σκάφη]] τὴν ἐπίστασιν ἐπ' ἀλλήλοις εἶχεν, sie standen hinter einander, Pol. 1, 26, 12; der Anfang, ἐπίστασιν ποιεῖσθαι 1, 12, 6, vgl. ἐπεὶ τὴν ἐπίστασιν καὶ προκατασκευὴν τῆς ὅλης ἱστορίας διεληλύθαμεν 2, 71, 7.
|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-01-0982.png Seite 982]] ἡ, 1) das [[Feststellen]], zum Stehen Bringen, [[Anhalten]], Xen. An. 2, 4, 26; <span class="ggns">Gegensatz</span> [[κίνησις]], Arist. de anim. 1, 3; das Stillen, Verstopfen, αἵματος u. ä., Medic. – 2) das [[Stillstehen]], Verweilen bei Etwas, bes. mit den [[Gedanken]], dah. [[Betrachtung]], [[Überlegung]]. οὐ τῆς τυ χούσης δεῖται ἐπιστάσεως καὶ θεωρίας Pol. 6, 3, 4, der ἐξ ἐπιστάσεως dem ἐκ παρέργου entgegensetzt, 3, 58, 3; [[ἄξιος]] ἐπιστάσεως καὶ ζήλου 11, 2, 4; vgl. Arist. Metaphys. 13, 2. Ähnlich Soph. Ant. 225 ἔσχον φροντίδων ἐπιστάσεις, wo nur mehr an das wirkliche Stillstehen bei der Überlegung zu denken ist. – 3) Amt des Vorstehers, Aufsicht, Besorgung, ἐπιτρέπειν ἔργων ἐπίστασιν Xen. Mem. 1, 5, 2; Sp., wie D. Sic. 14, 82. – 4) das Herantreten, Anrücken, ποιεῖσθαι τὴν ἐπίστασιν, anrücken, D. Hal. 6, 31, l. d; τὰ [[σκάφη]] τὴν ἐπίστασιν ἐπ' ἀλλήλοις εἶχεν, sie standen hinter einander, Pol. 1, 26, 12; der Anfang, ἐπίστασιν ποιεῖσθαι 1, 12, 6, vgl. ἐπεὶ τὴν ἐπίστασιν καὶ προκατασκευὴν τῆς ὅλης ἱστορίας διεληλύθαμεν 2, 71, 7.
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{{bailly
{{bailly
|btext=εως (ἡ) :<br /><b>I.</b> action de se tenir au-dessus, <i>d'où</i><br /><b>1</b> action de se tenir sur, de surnager;<br /><b>2</b> action de se tenir au-dessus d'un point fixe ; arrêt;<br /><b>II.</b> action de se placer sur, <i>d'où</i><br /><b>1</b> action de toucher à, d’aborder ; <i>fig.</i> début, commencement;<br /><b>2</b> attention;<br /><b>3</b> attente : φροντίδων ἐπιστάσεις SOPH causes d’arrêt motivées par l'inquiétude;<br /><b>4</b> surveillance, examen : ἔργων XÉN de travaux, d’entreprises;<br /><b>III.</b> action de se tenir auprès de;<br /><b>IV.</b> action de se porter vers <i>ou</i> contre.<br />'''Étymologie:''' [[ἐφίστημι]].
|btext=εως (ἡ) :<br /><b>I.</b> action de se tenir au-dessus, <i>d'où</i><br /><b>1</b> [[action de se tenir sur]], [[de surnager]];<br /><b>2</b> action de se tenir au-dessus d'un point fixe ; arrêt;<br /><b>II.</b> action de se placer sur, <i>d'où</i><br /><b>1</b> action de toucher à, d'aborder ; <i>fig.</i> début, commencement;<br /><b>2</b> [[attention]];<br /><b>3</b> [[attente]] : φροντίδων ἐπιστάσεις SOPH causes d'arrêt motivées par l'inquiétude;<br /><b>4</b> [[surveillance]], [[examen]] : ἔργων XÉN de travaux, d'entreprises;<br /><b>III.</b> [[action de se tenir auprès de]];<br /><b>IV.</b> [[action de se porter vers]] <i>ou</i> contre;<br />[[NT]]: [[charge]] ; préoccupation ; émeute, [[insurrection]] ; [[tension]] vers, [[attention]].<br />'''Étymologie:''' [[ἐφίστημι]].
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{{elru
{{elru
|elrutext='''ἐπίστᾰσις:''' εως ἡ<br /><b class="num">1)</b> [[остановка]] (τοῦ στρατεύματος Xen.);<br /><b class="num">2)</b> [[задержка]], [[препятствие]] (ἐπιστάσεις καὶ διατριβαι Plut.): πολλὰς [[ἔσχον]] φροντίδων ἐπιστάσεις Soph. у меня было много колебаний;<br /><b class="num">3)</b> [[остановка внимания]], [[внимание]] ([[ἄξιος]] ἐπιστάσεως Arst.): μετὰ и ἐξ ἐπιστάσεως Arst., Polyb. со вниманием, внимательно;<br /><b class="num">4)</b> [[наблюдение]], [[надзор]] (ἔργων Xen.);<br /><b class="num">5)</b> [[почин]], [[начало]] (τῆς ἱστορίας Polyb.);<br /><b class="num">6)</b> [[расстановка]], [[положение]]: τὰ [[σκάφη]] τὴν ἐπίστασιν ἐπ᾽ ἀλλήλοις εἶχεν Polyb. суда были расположены друг за другом.
|elrutext='''ἐπίστᾰσις:''' εως ἡ<br /><b class="num">1</b> [[остановка]] (τοῦ στρατεύματος Xen.);<br /><b class="num">2</b> [[задержка]], [[препятствие]] (ἐπιστάσεις καὶ διατριβαι Plut.): πολλὰς [[ἔσχον]] φροντίδων ἐπιστάσεις Soph. у меня было много колебаний;<br /><b class="num">3</b> [[остановка внимания]], [[внимание]] ([[ἄξιος]] ἐπιστάσεως Arst.): μετὰ и ἐξ ἐπιστάσεως Arst., Polyb. со вниманием, внимательно;<br /><b class="num">4</b> [[наблюдение]], [[надзор]] (ἔργων Xen.);<br /><b class="num">5</b> [[почин]], [[начало]] (τῆς ἱστορίας Polyb.);<br /><b class="num">6</b> [[расстановка]], [[положение]]: τὰ [[σκάφη]] τὴν ἐπίστασιν ἐπ᾽ ἀλλήλοις εἶχεν Polyb. суда были расположены друг за другом.
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|woodrun=[[halt]]
|woodrun=[[halt]]
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{{ntsuppl
{{trml
|ntstxt=[[charge]] ; préoccupation ; émeute, [[insurrection]] ; [[tension]] vers, [[attention]]
|trtx====[[difficulty]]===
Arabic: صُعُوبَة‎; Asturian: dificultá; Azerbaijani: çətinlik; Belarusian: цяжкасць, труднасць; Bulgarian: трудност, мъчнотия; Catalan: dificultat; Chinese Mandarin: 困難, 困难; Crimean Tatar: mesele, qıyınlıq; Czech: obtížnost; Danish: sværhed, vanskelighed; Dutch: [[moeilijkheid]]; Esperanto: malfacileco, malfacilo; Finnish: vaikeus, hankaluus; French: [[difficulté]]; Galician: dificultade; German: [[Schwierigkeit]]; Greek: [[δυσκολία]]; Ancient Greek: [[ἄκανθα]], [[ἀμηχανία]], [[ἀμύξ]], [[ἄναντες]], [[ἀπόρημα]], [[ἀπορησία]], [[ἀπόρησις]], [[ἀπορία]], [[ἀπορίη]], [[ἀργαλεότης]], [[ἀσχολία]], [[ἀτεραμνότης]], [[διαπορία]], [[δυσέργεια]], [[δυσέργημα]], [[δυσεργία]], [[δυσκολία]], [[δυσοδία]], [[δυσχέρεια]], [[δυσχρήστημα]], [[δυσχρηστία]], [[δυσχωρία]], [[ἔνστασις]], [[ἐπίστασις]], [[ἐρυμνότης]], [[περισκέλεια]], [[περισκελία]], [[περίστασις]], [[πιεσμός]], [[πλάνη]], [[πρόβλημα]], [[στεῖνος]], [[στενοχώρημα]], [[στενοχώρησις]], [[στενοχωρία]], [[στένωσις]], [[τὰ ἄπορα]], [[τὰ δυσχερῆ]], [[ταλαιπώρημα]], [[ταλαιπωρία]], [[ταλαιπωρίη]], [[τὸ ἄπορον]], [[τὸ δυσεργές]], [[τὸ δύσκολον]], [[τὸ δυσπετές]], [[τὸ δυσχερές]], [[χαλεπότης]], [[ψῦξις]]; Greenlandic: sapernassuseq; Haitian Creole: difikilte; Hebrew: קושי‎; Hindi: कठिनाई, मुसीबत, दिक़्क़त, दिक्कत; Hungarian: nehézség; Indonesian: kesukaran; Irish: deacracht; Italian: [[difficoltà]]; Japanese: 難しさ; Korean: 어려움; Kyrgyz: кыйындык; Kyrgyz: кыйындык; Ladino: difikultad, difikoltá; Latin: [[difficultas]]; Macedonian: тешкотија; Malayalam: ബുദ്ധിമുട്ട്, കഷ്ടപ്പാട്; Maori: papatoieketanga, uauatanga; Middle English: resistence; Navajo: ił nanitłʼah; Norwegian Bokmål: vanske; Nynorsk: vanske; Occitan: dificultat; Plautdietsch: Schwierichkjeit; Polish: trudność; Portuguese: [[dificuldade]]; Romanian: dificultate; Russian: [[трудность]], [[сложность]]; Scottish Gaelic: duilgheadas, cruas, cruadal, spàirn, docaireachd, èiginn, teanntachd, staing; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: тешко̀ћа; Roman: teškòća; Slovak: obtiažnosť; Slovene: težavnost; Spanish: [[dificultad]]; Swedish: svårighet, besvär; Telugu: కష్టం; Tocharian B: āmāskai; Turkish: zorluk; Ukrainian: важкість, трудність, тяжкість; Urdu: مشکل‎, کٹھنائی
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