ἐπεί: Difference between revisions

|Definition=Conj., both temporal and causal; also ἐπειδή, ἐπείτε. <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> OF TIME ([[ἐπειδή]] is more freq. in this sense in Prose), [[after that]], [[since]], [[when]], from Hom. downwds.: </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">I</span> with Ind., </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> of a definite occurrence in past time, mostly c. aor., <b class="b3">ἐπεὶ π' εὔξαντο</b> [[after]] they had prayed, <span class="bibl">Il.1.458</span>; ἐπειδὴ ἐτελεύτησε Δαρεῖος καὶ κατέστη Ἀρταξέρξης [[after]] D. had died and A. had succeeded, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.1.3</span>: rarely c. impf., ἐπειδὴ εἱστιώμεθ' <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>1354</span>; ἐπεὶ πόντον εἰσεβάλλομεν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IT</span>260</span>; ἐπεὶ ἠσθένει Δαρεῖος <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.1.1</span>: c. plpf., <b class="b3">ἐπειδὴ ἐξηπάτησθε .</b>. [[after]] you had been deceived... <span class="bibl">D.18.42</span>; but generally the aor. is found, the plpf. being used only for special emphasis: c. impf. to express an action not yet complete, <b class="b3">ἐπεὶ ὑπηντίαζεν ἡ φάλαγξ καὶ ἡ σάλπιγξ ἐφθέγξατο</b> [[after]] the phalanx began to advance and the trumpet had sounded, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>6.5.27</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> with implied reference to some later time, ἐπεὶ or [[ἐπειδή]], = [[ἐξ οὗ]], [[from the time when]], [[since]], mostly c. aor., πολλὰ πλάγχθη, ἐπεὶ ἔπερσε <span class="bibl">Od.1.2</span>; <b class="b3">ἐπείτε παρέλαβον τὸν θρόνον, τοῦτο ἐφρόντιζον</b> [[ever since]] I came to the throne, I had this in mind, <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.8</span>.ά; [[ἐπειδήπερ]] ὑπέστη <span class="bibl">Th.8.68</span>; δέκατον μὲν ἔτος τόδ' ἐ… ἦραν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span> 40</span>: sometimes c. pres. (used in pf. sense) and pf., <b class="b3">ἐπεὶ δὲ φροῦδός ἐστι στρατός</b> [[since]] the army is gone, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>15</span>; <b class="b3">ἐπείτε ὑπὸ τῷ Πέρσῃ εἰσί, πεπόνθασι τοιόνδε</b> [[ever since]] they have been, [[now that]] they are... <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.117</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> with Subj., [[ἄν]] being always added in Att. Prose, and [[ἄν]] or κε generally in Poetry: [[ἐπεί]] with [[ἄν]] becomes [[ἐπήν]] (so in Com., <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Lys.</span>1175</span>,<span class="bibl"><span class="title">Av.</span>983</span>), later [[ἐπάν]] ([[quod vide|q.v.]]), Ion. ἐπεάν <span class="title">Schwyzer</span> 800 (vi B.C.), <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.153</span>, al., ἐπήν <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Fract.</span>6</span>, al., and [[ἐπειδή]] with <b class="b3">ἄν ἐπειδάν</b> ([[quod vide|q.v.]]); Hom. has <b class="b3">ἐπεὶ κε, ἐπήν</b> (once ἐπεὶ ἄν <span class="bibl">Il.6.412</span>): </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> referring to future time with fut. apodosis, <b class="b3">τέκνα ἄξομεν . . ἐπὴν πτολίεθρον ἕλωμεν</b> [[when]] we shall have taken the city, <span class="bibl">Il.4.238</span>; ἐπεὶ κ' ἀπὸ λαὸς ὄληται <span class="bibl">11.764</span>. cf. <span class="bibl">Od.17.23</span>; ἐπεάν περ ἡμίονοι τέκωσι, τότε τὸ τεῖχος ἁλώσεσθαι <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.153</span>; <b class="b3">ταῦτ', ἐπειδὰν περὶ τοῦ γένους εἴπω, τότ' ἐρῶ</b> I will speak of this, [[when]] I have spoken... <span class="bibl">D.57.16</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>2.3.29</span>; ἐπεὶ ἂν σύ γε πότμον ἐπίσπῃς <span class="bibl">Il.6.412</span>; <b class="b3">χρὴ δέ, ὅταν μὲν τιθῆσθε τοὺς νόμους, . . σκοπεῖν, ἐπειδὰν δὲ θῆσθε, φυλάττειν</b> whenever you are enacting your laws, . . and [[after]] you have enacted them... <span class="bibl">D.21.34</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> of repeated action, with a pres. apodosis, [[whenever]], [[when once]], δαμνᾷ, ἐπεὶ κε λίπῃ ὀστέα θυμός <span class="bibl">Od.11.221</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Il.9.409</span>; <b class="b3">ἐπειδὰν ἡ ἐκφορὰ ᾖ . . ἄγουσι</b> [[whenever]] the burial takes place they bring, <span class="bibl">Th.2.34</span>; <b class="b3">ἐπειδὰν κρύψωσι γῇ . . λέγει</b> [[when]] they have covered them with earth, ibid.: sometimes without [[ἄν]] or κε in Poets, ἐπεὶ ἂρ βλέφαρ' ἀμφικαλύψῃ <span class="bibl">Od.20.86</span>; ἐπεὶ δὴ τόν γε δαμάσσεται . . ὀϊστός <span class="bibl">Il.11.478</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1225</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ant.</span> 1025</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> like A.1.2, <b class="b3">δέκα ἡμερῶν ἐπειδὰν δόξῃ</b> within ten days [[from]] the passing of the resolution, <span class="title">IG</span>12.88.7. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> with Opt. (without [[ἄν]]): </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> referring to future time, <b class="b3">ἐπειδὴ πρὸς τὸ φῶς ἔλθοι, ὁρᾶν οὐδ' ἂν ἓν δύνασθαι</b> (''[[sc.]]'' <b class="b3">οὐκ οἴει</b>); [[after]] he had come into the light... <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>516a</span>: Hom. sometimes uses [[ἐπήν]] with opt. in same sense as [[ἐπεί]], <span class="bibl">Il.24.227</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.2.105</span> (codd.), etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> more freq. of repeated action, with a past apodosis, ἐπεὶ ζεύξειεν... δησάσκετο <span class="bibl">Il.24.14</span>; ἐπειδὴ δέ τι ἐμφάγοιεν, ἀνίσταντο <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>4.5.9</span>; ἐπεὶ πύθοιτο, ἐπῄνει <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>5.3.55</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Th.8.38</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>59d</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Prt.</span>315b</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> in orat. obliq. after past tenses, representing a subj. in orat. rect., <b class="b3">αὐτὸς δὲ ἐπεὶ διαβαίης, ἀπιέναι ἔφησθα</b> (the direct form being <b class="b3">ἐπὴν διαβῶ</b>) <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span> 7.2.27</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">3.5.18</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.4.21</span>; after opt. in a final clause, [[ἐπορεύοντο]], ὅπως ἐπειδὴ γένοιντο ἐπὶ τῷ ποταμῷ . . ἴοιεν <span class="bibl">Th.7.80</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> by assimilation to opt. in principal clause, ἦ τ' ἂν . . νῦν μὲν ἀνώγοιμι πτολεμίζειν . . ἐπὴν τεισαίμεθα λώβην <span class="bibl">Il.19.208</span>; ὃς τὸ καταβρόξειεν ἐπεὶ κρητῆρι μιγείη <span class="bibl">Od.4.222</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> [[ἐπειδάν]] c. opt. is [[falsa lectio|f.l.]] in some passages of early authors, as <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.3.11</span>, <span class="bibl">D.30.6</span> (c. ind., <span class="bibl">Plb.13.7.8</span>): found in later Gr., <span class="bibl">Agath.2.5</span>, al., <span class="bibl">Zos.5.18.10</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">IV</span> with Inf., only in orat. obliq., <b class="b3">ἐπειδὴ δὲ κατὰ σχολὴν σκέψασθαι, κόπτεσθαι</b> (''[[sc.]]'' [[ἔφη]]) <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span> 619c</span>, cf.<span class="bibl"><span class="title">Smp.</span>174d</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.10</span>, <span class="bibl">7.150</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">V</span> with other words: </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> <b class="b3">ἐπεὶ τάχιστα</b> [[as soon as]], freq. separated by a word, ἐπεὶ ἦλθε τάχιστα, . . ἀπέδοτο <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>7.2.6</span>; ἐπεὶ δὲ τάχιστα διέβη <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>3.3.22</span>; ἐπεὶ θᾶττον <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1284a40</span>; ἐπεὶ εὐθέως <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>3.2.4</span>; ἐ… αὐτίκα <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>1.35</span>; ἐπειδὴ τάχιστα <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>310c</span>, <span class="bibl">D.27.16</span>; ἐπειδὰν τάχιστα <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.144</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>3.1.9</span>; rarely ἐπειδὴ θᾶττον <span class="bibl">D.37.41</span>; ἐπειδὰν θᾶττον <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span> 325c</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> ἐπεὶ τὰ πρῶτα <span class="bibl">Il.12.420</span>; ἐπεὶ τὸ πρῶτον <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1287</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> with emphatic Particles, <b class="b3">ἐπεὶ ἄρα</b> [[when]] then, in continuing a narrative, <span class="bibl">Il.6.426</span>; <b class="b3">ἐπεὶ οὖν</b> [[when]] then, in resuming a narrative, <span class="bibl">1.57</span>, <span class="bibl">3.4</span>; ἐπεὶ ὦν <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.9</span>; ἐπεὶ γὰρ δή <span class="bibl">Id.9.90</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">B</span> CAUSAL ([[ἐπεί]] more freq. in this sense in early Prose: [[ἐπειδή]] [[whereas]] is used in preambles of decrees, <span class="title">IG</span>22.103, etc.; [[ἐπειδήπερ]] [[inasmuch as]], Ev. Luc. 1.1), [[since]], [[seeing that]], freq. from Hom. downwards: </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> with Ind. (after both present and past tenses), ἐπεὶ οὐδὲ ἔοικε <span class="bibl">Il.1.119</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">153</span>,<span class="bibl">278</span>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>4.16</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>2.3.4</span>; ἐπειδή <span class="bibl">Th.8.80</span>; ἐπειδὴ οὐκ ἐθέλεις <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>335c</span>; νίκη δ' ἐπείπερ ἕσπετ', ἐμπέδως μένοι <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>854</span>; freq. with past tenses with ἄν, ἐπεὶ οὔποτ' ἂν στόλον ἐπλεύσατ' ἄν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1037</span>; ἐπεὶ οὔ κεν ἀνιδρωτί γ' ἐτελέσθη <span class="bibl">Il.15.228</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">D. 18.49</span>; <b class="b3">οὐ γὰρ ἂν σθένοντά γε εἷλέν μ'· ἐπεὶ οὐδ' ἂν ὧδ' ἔχοντ'</b> (''[[sc.]]'' [[εἷλεν]]) <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>948</span>: especially in the sense, [[for otherwise]] .., <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>9.29</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>433</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>2.7.14</span>, <span class="bibl">Herod.2.72</span>, etc.: so c. fut., <b class="b3">ἐξέστω δὲ μηδενὶ . . τεθῆναι... ἐπεὶ ἀποδώσει .</b>. [[otherwise]] he shall pay... <span class="title">Rev.Et.Anc.</span>4.261 (near Smyrna): c. imper., <b class="b3">ἐπεὶ δίδαξον</b> [[for]] teach me, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>352</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">OC</span>969</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">OT</span> 390</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>73</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>473e</span>: with an interrog., <b class="b3">ἐπεὶ πῶς ἂν καλέσειας;</b> [[for]] how would you call him? <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>688</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>7.5</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>214</span>, <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">Tr.</span>139</span> (lyr.); ὦ Ἀλκιβιάδη, ἐπειδὴ περὶ τίνος Ἀθηναῖοι διανοοῦνται βουλεύεσθαι, ἀνίστασαι συμβουλεύσων; Pl.<span class="title">Alc.</span>1.106c. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> c. Opt., ἐπεὶ ἂν μάλα τοι σχεδὸν ἔλθοι <span class="bibl">Il.9.304</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>916</span>; so after past tenses on the principle of orat. obliq., <b class="b3">ἐπείπερ ἡγήσαιντο</b> [[since]] (as they said) they believed, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.4.19</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> c. Inf. in orat. obliq., ἐπεὶ γιγνώσκειν γε αὐτά <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>353a</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.111</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.2.93</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> in elliptical expressions, <b class="b3">ἀδύνατός [εἰμι], ἐπεὶ ἐβουλόμην ἂν οἷός τ' εἶναι</b> I am unable (and yet I am sorry), [[for]] I should like to have the power, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span> 335c</span>; so <b class="b3">εἶμι· ἐπεὶ καὶ ταῦτ' ἂν ἴσως οὐκ ἀηδῶς σου ἤκουον</b> ibid. (here the sense may be given by [[and yet]], [[although]], cf. ib. <span class="bibl">333c</span>, <span class="bibl">317a</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ap.</span>19e</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Smp.</span>187a</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span>1121a19</span>); <b class="b3">ἐπεὶ ὅ γε ἀποθανὼν πελάτης τις ἦν ἐμός</b> [[and yet]] ([[moreover]]) the murdered man was my own hired man, <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Euthphr.</span>4c</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> sometimes after a voc., where 'listen' may be supplied, Ἕκτορ, ἐπεὶ με κατ' αἶσαν ἐνείκεσας <span class="bibl">Il.3.59</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">13.68</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.3.103</span>, <span class="bibl">211</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> with other Particles, <b class="b3">ἐπεὶ ἄρα, ἐπεὶ ἂρ δή</b> [[since]] then, <span class="bibl">Od.17.185</span>; <b class="b3">ἐπεὶ γε</b> (ἐπεὶ . . γε <span class="bibl">Il.1.352</span>, <span class="bibl">Hes. <span class="title">Th.</span>171</span>), more emphatic than ἐπεί, [[since]] [[indeed]], <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Cyc.</span>181</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Hipp.</span>955</span>; <b class="b3">ἐπειδή γε</b> ib.<span class="bibl">946</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>77d</span>, <span class="bibl">D.54.29</span>; sometimes separated, ἐπειδή . . γε <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>631</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>87c</span>; ἐπεὶ γε δή <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.9</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span> 923</span>, ἐπειδή γε καί <span class="bibl">Th.6.18</span>; <b class="b3">ἐπεὶ ἦ</b> [[since]] in truth, ἐπεὶ ἦ πολὺ φέρτερόν ἐστι <span class="bibl">Il.1.169</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">156</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.9.276</span>; [[ἐπείπερ]] (ἐ… περ <span class="bibl">Il.13.447</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.20.181</span>) in Trag. and Prose, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>822</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>75</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>114d</span>; [[ἐπειδήπερ]] in Com. and Prose, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>437</span>,<span class="bibl">495</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Nu.</span>1412</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.6.18</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span> 350e</span>; <b class="b3">ἐπεὶ τοι</b> [[since]] surely, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>433</span>; ἐπεὶ νύ τοι <span class="bibl">Il.1.416</span>; ἐπεὶ τοι καί <span class="bibl">E. <span class="title">Med.</span>677</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>567e</span>. [ἐπεὶ sometimes begins a verse in Hom., <span class="bibl">Il.22.379</span>, <span class="bibl">Od. 4.13</span>, <span class="bibl">8.452</span>, <span class="bibl">21.25</span>; sometimes coalesces by synizesis with [[οὐ]], [[οὐδέ]], etc., <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">Ph.</span>446</span>,<span class="bibl">948</span>, etc.]</span>

|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-01-0908.png Seite 908]] Conjunction, da, quum; ursprünglich nur Zeitpartikel, sodann auch Causalpartikel. Die beiden Bedeutungen lassen sich übrigens nicht scharf sondern, so daß an vielen Stellen [[ἐπεί]] grade wie eben das Lat. quum und das Deutsche »da« sowohl causal als temporal aufgefaßt werden kann. Entstanden ist [[ἐπεί]], wie schon die Alten sahen, aus ἐπί und εἰ, indem das εἰ den betreffenden Zeitpunkt bezeichnete, das ἐπί den engen und unmittelbaren Zusammenhang zwischen dem Inhalte des Satzes mit [[ἐπεί]] und dem des zugehörigen Hauptsatzes. – 1) <b class="b2">[[ἐπεί]]</b> [[als Zeitpartikel]]: – a) meist auf die Frage »[[wann]]«, nach dem Zusammenhange zu übersetzen durch [[da]], [[als]], [[wie, nachdem, sobald, sobald als, sobald wie, dann wann u.]] s. w. – b) nicht selten auf die Frage »[[seit wann]]«, nach dem Zusammenhange zu übersetzen durch sei [[idem]], [[von dem Augenblickean]], [[wo ]]u. s. w. Odyss. 16, 24 οὔ σ' ἔτ' ἔγωγε ὄψεσθαι ἐφάμην, ἐπεὶ ᾤχεο νηὶ [[Πύλονδε]]; 1, 2 ὃς [[μάλα]] πολλὰ πλάγχθη, ἐπεὶ Τροίης ἱερὸν [[πτολίεθρον]] ἔπερσεν; vgl. Sengebusch Aristonic. p. 6; die ohne Beweis gegebene Darstellung in Lehrs Aristarch. ed. 2 p. 151 ist irrig, und namentlich müßte es daselbst anstatt »Id extricamus ex Epim. Hom. p. »161« vielmehr heißen, Id non extricamus ex Epim. »Hom. p. 1616. Δέκατον μὲν [[ἔτος]] τόδ' ἐπεὶ [[Μενέλαος]] καὶ [[Ἀγαμέμνων]] ἦραν, das zehnte Jahr, seitdem, Aesch. Ag. 40; ἐπεὶ δὲ φροῦδός ἐστιν Ἀργείων στρατὸς – οὐδὲν οἶδ' ὑπέρτερον, seit aber das Heer fort ist, Soph. Ant. 15; vgl. Eur. I. T. 247 u. Porson zu Med. 138; häufig bei Her., bes. in der Vrbdg [[ἐπεί]] τε, so [[ἐπεί]] τε Πέρσαι ἔχουσι τὸ [[κράτος]], ἔστι τοῦ βασιλῆος 3, 117; ἐγὼ δὲ [[ἐπεί]] τε παρέλαβον τὸν [[θρόνον]] τοῦτο ἐφρόντιζον 7, 81; selten in attischer Prosa, wie Thuc. ἔτη τριακόσια ἐπεὶ διέβησαν 6, 2. – Wenn von der Zukunft oder von der Gegenwart die Rede ist, wird das temporale [[ἐπεί]] oft mit dem conjunctiv. conditional. verbunden, wenn von der Vergangenheit die Rede ist, oft mit dem optativ. iterativ.; s. das Genauere über den optativ. iterativ. oben s. v. Ἄν S. 152. 172, über den conjunctiv. conditional. daselbst S. 156, u. vgl. [[ἐπάν]] ([[ἐπήν]]). Der conjunctiv. conditional. bei [[ἐπεί]] z. B. Odyss. 11, 221. 14, 153. 17, 23 Iliad. 6, 412. 15, 363 Hymn. Hom. Apoll. 158 Soph. Ant. 1025 O. C. 1225. Der Cptativ. iterativ. bei [[ἐπεί]] z. B. Iliad. 24, 14 Thuc. 8, 38 Xen. An. 1, 5, 2. 4, 2, 28 Cyr. 1, 6, 34 Soph. Tr. 93. – Der indirecte optativ. (s. oben s. v. Ἄν S. 172) bei [[ἐπεί]] z. B. Xen. Cyr. 1, 4, 21 An. 5, 6, 30. – Der indicativ. bei [[ἐπεί]] in der indirecten Rede z. B. Soph. Phil. 346. – Der infinitiv. mit und ohne ἄν bei [[ἐπεί]] in der indirecten Rede z. B. Herodot. 2, 32. 4, 10 Thucyd. 2, 93 Plat. Phaed. 109 e Xen. An. 5, 7, 18. – Der optativ. potential. bei [[ἐπεί]] Aristoph. Eq. 1056, vgl. oben s. v. Ἄν S. 163. – Verstärkt wird das temporale [[ἐπεί]] durch τάχιστα, »<b class="b2">sobald als – auf der Stelle«, »von dem ersten Augenblick an</b>, »wo«; dabei steht τάχιστα gewöhnlich nicht unmittelbar neben [[ἐπεί]], s. z. B. Xen. An. 7, 2, 6 Ἀρίσταρχος δ' ἐπεὶ ἦλθε τάχιστα. Aehnlich ist die Verbindung von (τὸ) πρῶτον und (τὰ) [[πρῶτα]] mit [[ἐπεί]], z. B. Iliad. 12, 420 ἐπεὶ τὰ [[πρῶτα]] πέλασθεν, vgl. 1, 6 ἐξ οὗ δὴ τὰ [[πρῶτα]] διαστήτην ἐρίσαντε. – 21 übertr. auf ein [[Causalverhältniß]], da das der Zeit nach Vorangehende auch häufig den Grund od. die Veranlassung zum Folgenden enthält, [[da]], [[weil]], Hom. u. Folgde überall; auch mit praes. u. fut., z. B. ἐπεὶ [[δέος]] παλαιόν σοι φρενῶν ἀνθίσταται, λέξον Aesch. Pers. 689. – Wie es Il. 6, 333 heißt [[ἐπεί]] με κατ' αἶσαν ἐνείκεσας, τοὔνεκά τοι [[ἐρέω]], so steht es auch ohne letztern Zusatz im Anfang der Rede oft absolut, Ἕκτορ, [[ἐπεί]] με κατ' αἶσαν ἐνείκεσας – [[αἰεί]] τοι [[κραδίη]] [[πέλεκυς]] ὥς ἐστιν [[ἀτειρής]], 3, 59, wo man »so sage ich dir« ergänzen kann; vgl. 6, 382. 13, 775; Od. 1, 231 ξεῖν', ἐπεὶ ἂρ δὴ ταῦτά μ' ἀνείρεαι, μέλλεν μέν ποτε [[οἶκος]] ὅδ' ἀφνειὸς ἔμμεναι; auch so, daß ein längerer Zwischensatz noch vor der eigentlichen Rede eingeschaltet wird, Od. 4, 204 Il. 13, 68. Gar kein Hauptsatz folgt Odyss. 3, 103. – Oft ist es bes. nach einem längeren Vordersatze mit [[denn zu]] übersetzen, wo wir den Grund als Hauptsatz hinstellen; Il. 4, 269; οὕνεκ' ἐγὼ κούρης – [[ἄποινα]] οὐκ [[ἐθέλω]] δέξασθαι· ἐπεὶ πολὺ [[βούλομαι]] αὐτἡν [[οἴκοι]] ἔχειν, denn ich will lieber, 1, 112; oft ἐπεὶ οὐδὲ ἔοικε, denn das ziemt sich nicht; ἐπεὶ οὐδὲ μὲν οὐδὲ ἔοικεν Odyss. 21, 319; Pind. Ol. 4, 13; Aesch. Prom. 347; in Prosa oft. Es folgen in diesem Falle auf [[ἐπεί]] auch hypothetische Constructionen, wie ἐπεὶ οὔποτ' ἂν στόλον ἐπλεύσατε – εἰ μή τι [[κέντρον]] [[θεῖον]] ἦγ' ὑμᾶς Soph. Phil. 1026, da ihr, od. einfacher, denn ihr wäret nicht geschifft; ἐπεὶ σχολῇ γ' ἂν ἥξειν δεῦρ' ἂν ἐξηύχουν Ant. 389, wo der Satz mit εἰ fehlt; vgl. O. R. 433; ἀλλ' [[ἴσως]] οὐκ ὀλίγον [[ἔργον]] ἐστίν, ἐπεὶ [[πάνυ]] γε σαφῶς ἔχοιμι ἂν ἐπιδεῖξαι Plat. Euthyphr. 9 b; vgl. Legg. IX, 875 c; οὐ φιλόπονός ἐστιν, ἐπεὶ ἤρκει ἂν αὐτῷ, sonst würde er sich begnügen, Xen. Cyr. 2, 2, 31; σιώπησον περὶ τῶν χρησμῶν, ἐπεὶ ἐρήσομαί σε, denn sonst (wenn du nicht schweigst) werde ich dich fragen, Luc. Iup. Trag. 43. Es folgt auch der opt. potent., Soph. Ai. 899 Tr. 457; – auch der imperat., ἐπεὶ φέρ' εἰπέ Soph. O. R. 390, denn sage doch; vgl. Ar. Vesp. 73 Her. 7, 103; ἐπεὶ ἐροῦ τινα τουτωνί Plat. Gorg. 473 c; Charm. 165 e u. öfter; – ἐπεὶ [[ἄθεος]] ὀλοίμην, φρόνησιν εἰ τάνδ' ἔχω Soph. O. R. 663. – Häufig folgt ein Fragesatz, bes. ein solcher, der nur ein anderer Ausdruck für einen negativen Satz ist; ἐπεὶ τί νῦν [[ἕκατι]] δαιμόνων κυρῶ Aesch. Ch. 212; Suppl. 325; ἐπεὶ [[τίς]] ὧδε τέκνοισιν Ζῆν' ἄβουλον εἶδεν, keiner sah den Zeus, Soph. Tr. 138; ἐπεὶ [[τίνα]] οἶκον ναίοντ' ὀνομάξομαι Pind. P. 7, 5; [[οὐδαμῶς]] γε· ἐπεὶ πῶς ἂν καλέσειας Ar. Nubb. 679; vgl. Lys. 259; ἐπεὶ σὺ δέξαι' ἂν [[μᾶλλον]] ἀδικεῖσθαι ἢ ἀ[[δικεῖν]]; Plat. Gorg. 474 b, denn du möchtest doch nicht lieber. – Οὐ γὰρ [[λαθεῖν]] τοὺς δυναμένους ἐν ταῖς πόλεσι πράττειν· ἐπεὶ οἵ γε πολλοὶ οὐδὲν αἰσθάνονται, [[obwohl]] die große Menge Nichts merkt, Plat. Prot. 317 a; vgl. 333 c Conv. 187 a; – [[ταύτῃ]] οὖν σε λανθάνει –, ἐπεὶ οὐ κακῶς ἀπείκασας, [[übrigens]], [[sonst]], Parm. 128 e; vgl. Soph. 217 b Apol. 19 e; – μὴ νῦν ἀπολλύηται (ἡ [[ψυχή]]), ἐπεὶ σῶμά γ' ἀεὶ ἀπολλύμενον οὐδὲν παύεται, denn was den Körper betrifft, so hört er nie auf, Phaed. 91 d; vgl. Soph. 223 e. – Die Vrbdgn mit anderen Partikeln s. einzeln.

|btext=<i>conj.</i><br /><b>A.</b> <i>avec idée de temps</i>;<br /><b>I.</b> [[après que]], [[lorsque]] : [[ἐπεί]] ῥ’ εὔξαντο IL après qu’ils eurent prié ; ἐπεὶ [[Κῦρος]] κατεπέμφθη [[σατράπης]] Λυδίας καὶ Φρυγίας XÉN lorsque Cyrus eut été envoyé comme satrape de Lydie et de Phrygie ; ἐπεὶ ἠσθένει [[Δαρεῖος]] καὶ ὑπώπτευε τὴν τελευτὴν τοῦ βίου XÉN comme Darius s'affaiblissait et avait le sentiment qu’il touchait au terme de sa vie ; [[οὐ]] γὰρ ἔτ’ ἄλλη [[ἔσται]] [[θαλπωρή]], ἐπεὶ ἂν [[σύγε]] πότμον ἐπίσπῃς IL car il n’y aura plus autrement de joie (pour moi), lorsque tu auras, toi, subi le destin ; ἐμὲ δ’ ἄξει, [[ἐπεί]] [[κε]] πυρὸς [[θερέω]] OD (ton serviteur) me conduira aussitôt que je me serai chauffé ; ἀλλ’ ὅγ’ ἐπεὶ [[ζεύξειεν]] ὑφ’ ἅρμασιν ὠκέας ἵππους IL mais lui, chaque fois qu’il attelait à son char ses coursiers agiles ; • <i>avec l'inf. par attract. d'un autre inf.</i> : ἐπεὶ δὲ [[σφέας]] παραλαμβάνειν τοὺς Ἕλληνας HDT lorsqu’ensuite les Grecs voulurent les faire entrer (dans la ligue). <i>En ces divers sens</i>, [[ἐπεί]] <i>est souv. renforcé par un adv., une locut. adv. ou une particule</i> : αὐτίκ’ [[ἐπεί]] IL, ἐπεὶ [[τάχιστα]] ESCHL, ἐπεὶ [[εὐθέως]] XÉN, ἐπεὶ τὰ [[πρῶτα]] IL, ἐπεὶ τὸ πρῶτον ESCHL aussitôt que, dès que ; ἐπεὶ [[ἄρ]] IL, [[ἐπεί]] ῥ’ IL, ἐπεὶ [[οὖν]] IL, <i>ion.</i> ἐπεὶ [[ὦν]] HDT lors donc que ; ἐπεὶ γὰρ [[δή]] HDT lorsqu’en effet;<br /><b>II.</b> depuis que, • <i>avec l'ao</i>. : ὃς [[μάλα]] πολλὰ πλάγχθη ἐπεὶ Τροίης [[πτολίεθρον]] ἔπερσε OD (Ulysse) qui a beaucoup erré sur mer, depuis qu’il a détruit la ville de Troie ; • <i>avec l'impf.</i> : ἐπεὶ ᾤχεο νηῒ Πύλονδε OD (et je ne pensais pas te revoir), depuis que tu étais parti sur un vaisseau pour Pylos ; • <i>avec un prés</i>. : ἐπεὶ δὲ φροῦδός ἐστιν Ἀργείων [[στρατός]], οὐδὲν οἶδ’ ὑπέρτερον SOPH et depuis que l'armée des Argiens a disparu, je ne sais rien qui doive ajouter (à notre bonheur <i>ou</i> à nos maux);<br /><b>B.</b> <i>pour marquer une suite dans le raisonnement</i> :<br /><b>1</b> <i>avec idée de cause</i> puisque, car : ἐπεὶ [[ὑμεῖς]] [[οὐ]] βούλεσθε συμπορεύεσθαι, [[ἀνάγκη]] μοι μεθ’ [[ὑμῶν]] [[ἰέναι]] XÉN puisque vous ne voulez pas marcher avec moi, il me faut bien aller avec vous ; ἐπεὶ οὐδὲ ἔοικε IL car <i>litt.</i> puisque cela ne serait pas convenable ; <i>lorsque</i> [[ἐπεί]] <i>est en relation avec une prop. nég., il peut se traduire par</i> « puisque autrement », « car autrement » : [[οὐ]] φιλόπονός ἐστιν, ἐπεὶ ἤρκει ἂν [[αὐτῷ]] [[τοῦτο]] ἀντὶ πάντων γυμνασίων XÉN il n'aime pas les besognes difficiles, car autrement cela lui vaudrait une dispense des autres exercices ; ἐπεὶ [[ὑμεῖς]] [[γε]], [[εἰ]] μὴ ἐγὼ προφυλάττομαι [[ὑμᾶς]], οὐδ’ ἂν νέμεσθαι δύναισθε XÉN car autrement, si je ne faisais bonne garde devant vous, vous ne pourriez même pas paître ; • <i>ellipt. sans verbe</i> : ἐπεὶ κέρδιστόν (<i>s.e.</i> ἐστι) ESCHL puisqu’(il est) très avantageux de ; [[οὐ]] γὰρ ἂν σθένοντά [[γε]] εἷλέν μ΄, ἐπεὶ οὐδ’ ἂν ὧδ’ ἔχοντ’, [[εἰ]] μὴ δόλῳ SOPH car vigoureux il ne m'aurait pas pris, puisque même dans l'état où je suis, il ne l'aurait pas pu et n’y a réussi que par ruse;<br /><b>2</b> <i>avec idée de conséquence</i> par suite, c'est pourquoi, donc ; • <i>dev. un impér.</i> : ἐπεὶ δίδαξον SOPH apprends-moi donc ! ἐπεὶ φέρ’ [[εἰπέ]] SOPH eh bien donc, voyons, dis-moi;<br /><i>En ces divers sens</i>, [[ἐπεί]] <i>se joint souv. à une particule</i> : ἐπεὶ [[γάρ]] car puisque, puisque en effet ; [[ἐπεί]] [[γε]], [[ἐπεί]] [[γε]] [[δή]], [[ἐπεί]] [[γε]] μὲν [[δή]] puisque sûrement ; ἐπεὶ ἦ puisque en vérité ; [[ἐπεί]] [[νυ]], [[ἐπεί]] [[τοι]], [[ἐπεί]] νύ [[τοι]] puisque en vérité ; <i>qqf précédé d'une conj. ou d'une particule</i> : ἀλλ’ [[ἐπεί]], δ' [[ἐπεί]] mais puisque ; [[οὖν]] [[ἐπεί]] puis donc que.<br />'''Étymologie:''' forme adverbiale de [[ἐπί]].

|txtha=(from [[temporal]] [[ἐπί]] and εἰ, [[literally]], [[thereupon]] [[when]]; [[Curtius]], Erläut. etc., p. 182; cf. Etym. Magn. 356,7), [[conjunction]] (Latin cum), [[when]], [[since]] (cf. Winer's Grammar, § 53,1); used:<br /><b class="num">1.</b> of [[time]], [[after]]; so [[once]] in the N. T.: L T Tr [[text]] WH [[text]] [[ἐπειδή]]).<br /><b class="num">2.</b> of [[cause]], etc., [[since]], [[seeing]] [[that]], [[because]]: T Tr WH); [[ἐπεί]] [[οὖν]] [[since]] [[then]], [[ἐπεί]] and the [[proposition]] depending [[upon]] it [[some]] [[such]] [[phrase]] as if it is (or were) [[otherwise]]; so [[that]] the [[particle]], [[although]] retaining the [[force]] of [[since]], is [[yet]] to be rendered [[otherwise]], [[else]], or for [[then]] (German sonst); so in [[ἐπεί]] [[ἄρα]], Winer's Grammar, § 53,8a.); [[ἐπεί]] [[alone]] [[before]] a [[question]] (cf. Winer's Grammar, 480 (417); Buttmann, 233 (200)): Matthiae, § 618; (Buttmann, § 149,5).

|mdlsjtxt=<br />conjunct., [[temporal]] and causal, like Lat. [[quum]]:<br />A. OF TIME, [[after]] that, [[after]] ([[postquam]]), [[since]], [[when]] ([[quum]]), with aor. to [[express]] a [[complete]] [[action]], or imperf. to [[express]] one not yet [[complete]], [[ἐπεὶ]] ὑπηντίαζεν ἡ [[φάλαγξ]] καὶ ἡ [[σάλπιγξ]] ἐφθέγξατο [[after]] the [[phalanx]] began to [[advance]] and the [[trumpet]] had sounded, Xen.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> = ἐξ οὗ, from the [[time]] [[when]], [[ever]] [[since]], [[ἐπείτε]] [[παρέλαβον]] τὸν [[θρόνον]] [[since]] I came to the [[throne]], Hdt.<br /><b class="num">II.</b> with Subjunct., ἄν or κε [[being]] added, so that [[ἐπεί]] becomes [[ἐπάν]], [[ἐπήν]], ionic [[ἐπεάν]], or [[ἐπεί]] κε; — referring to [[future]] [[time]], ἐπὴν ἕλωμεν [[when]] we shall [[have]] taken the [[city]], Il.:—also [[whenever]], [[ἐπεί]] κε λίπῃ ὀστέα [[θυμός]] Od.<br /><b class="num">III.</b> with Opt. without ἄν, referring to [[future]] [[time]], [[ἐπειδὴ]] πρὸς τὸ φῶς ἔλθοι [[after]] he had [[come]] [[into]] the [[light]], Plat.:—also [[whenever]], [[ἐπεὶ]] πύθοιτο Xen.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> in oratione obl. [[after]] [[past]] tenses, representing a subj. in orat. rect., [[ἐπεὶ]] διαβαίης, the [[direct]] [[form]] [[being]] ἐπὴν διαβῶ, Xen.<br /><b class="num">IV.</b> with [[other]] words, [[ἐπεὶ]] [[τάχιστα]], as [[soon]] as, Lat. [[quum]] [[primum]], Xen.; [[ἐπεὶ]] [[εὐθέως]] Xen.; [[ἐπειδὴ]] [[τάχιστα]] Plat.; [[ἐπειδὴ]] [[θᾶττον]] Dem.<br />B. CAUSAL, [[since]], [[seeing]] that, with Ind. or Opt. with ἄν, Hom., etc.; with Imp., [[ἐπεὶ]] δίδαξον for [[teach]] me, Soph.; [[ἐπεὶ]] πῶς ἂν καλέσειας; for how would you [[call]] him? Ar.:—[[sometimes]] it may be rendered by [[although]], or by [[else]], [[otherwise]].<br /><b class="num">2.</b> with [[other]] Particles, [[ἐπεὶ]] ἄρα, [[ἐπεὶ]] ἂρ δή [[since]] then, Od.; [[ἐπεί]] γε, Lat. [[quandoquidem]], [[since]] [[indeed]], Hdt.; [[ἐπείπερ]] [[seeing]] that, Aesch., etc.; [[ἐπεί]] τοι [[since]] [[surely]], Soph.