ἀντί: Difference between revisions

|Definition=Prep. governing gen.:—orig. sense,<br><span class="bld">A</span> [[over against]]. (Cf. Skt. ánti '[[opposite]]', '[[facing]]', Lat. [[ante]], etc.)<br><span class="bld">A</span> USAGE:<br><span class="bld">I</span> of [[place]], [[opposite]], [[over against]], formerly quoted from several places of Hom., as Il.21.481 <b class="b3">ἀντὶ ἐμεῖο</b> (where now <b class="b3">ἀντί' ἐμεῖο</b>, i.e. [[ἀντία]]) <b class="b3"> Τρώων ἄνθ' ἑκατόν</b> (i.e. [[ἄντα]]) 8.233; so <b class="b3">ἄντ' Αἴαντος</b> (i.e. [[ἄντα]]) 15.415, cf. Od.4.115, Hes.''Op.''727; but [[ἀντί]] is so used in X.''An.''4.7.6, ''IG''2.835c-l68; <b class="b3">αἱ ὀπαὶ αἱ γιγνόμεναι ἀ. τόρμων</b> mortises [[facing]] [[tenon]]s, Hero ''Bel.''97.5; <b class="b3">ἀντὶ μαιτύρων</b> [[in the presence of]] [[witness]]es, ''Leg.Gort.''1.40; ἀντὶ τῆς ὄψεως ἡμῶν Eudox.''Ars''18.<br><span class="bld">II</span> of [[time]], <b class="b3">ἀντὶ νυκτός</b> [[the same]] [[night]], ''SIG''1025.43 (Cos); ἀντὶ [[ϝέτεος]] ''GDI''2561 ''A''45 (Delph.); ἀντ' ἐνιαυτοῦ ''IG''5(2).266.8 (Mantinea, i B.C.); <b class="b3">ἀνθ' ἡμέρας· δι' ὅλης τῆς ἡμέρας</b>, [[Hesychius Lexicographus|Hsch.]]; cf. [[ἀντετοῦς]].<br><span class="bld">III</span> [[instead]], [[in the place of]], Ἕκτορος ἀντὶ πεφάσθαι Il.24.254; ἀντὶ γάμοιο τάφον Od.20.307; so later πολέμιος ἀντὶ φίλου καταστῆναι Hdt.1.87; ἀντὶ ἡμέρης νὺξ ἐγένετο Id.7.37; ἀντὶ φωτῶν σποδός A.''Ag.''434; τὸν πόλεμον ἀντ' εἰρήνης μεταλαμβάνειν Th.1.120, cf. 4.20, 7.75; βασιλεύειν ἀντί τινος X.''An.''1.1.4; also ἀντὶ ἄρχεσθαι ὑπ' ἄλλων ἄρχειν ἁπάντων Hdt.1.210, cf.6.32, 7.170 (where the usual constr. would be <b class="b3">ἀντὶ τοῦ ἄρχεσθαι</b>, cf. Th.7.28, [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''6.2.19, etc.); ὀργίλοι ἀντὶ θυμοειδοῦς γεγένηνται [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 411c: sometimes used elliptically, <b class="b3">ἦ 'τολμήσατ' ἀντ' ἐμοῦ δοῦναί τινι</b>; i.e. <b class="b3">ἀντὶ τοῦ ἐμοὶ δοῦναι</b>, S.''Ph.''369, cf. ''OC''448, Ar.''Av.''58.<br><span class="bld">2</span> in Hom. often to denote [[equivalence]], <b class="b3">ἀντί νυ πολλῶν λαῶν ἐστιν ἀνήρ</b> he is [[as good as]] many men, Il.9.116; <b class="b3">ἀντὶ κασιγνήτου ξεῖνος.. τέτυκται</b> a guest is [[as much as]] a [[brother]], Od.8.546; <b class="b3">ἀντί τοί εἰμ' ἱκέταο</b> [[I]] am [[as]] a [[suppliant]], Il.21.75, cf. 8.163; so later <b class="b3">τοῦτό σφι ἀντὶ λουτροῦ ἐστί</b> [[serve]]s [[as]] a [[bath]], Hdt.4.75; <b class="b3">ὑπάρχειν ἀντὶ τῶν ἔνδον</b> to be as [[hostage]]s for.., Th.2.5; <b class="b3">δουλεύειν ἀντὶ ἀργυρωνήτων</b> [[just like]] bought slaves, D.17.3; ἀντὶ [πλεύμονος] βράγχια [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[De Partibus Animalium|PA]]''669a4.<br><span class="bld">3</span> to denote exchange, [[at the price of]], [[in return for]], σοὶ δὲ θεοὶ τῶνδ' ἀντὶ χάριν.. δοῖεν Il.23.650; <b class="b3">νῆσον ἀντὶ χρημάτων παρέλαβον</b> [[for]] money paid, Hdt.3.59; ἀντ' ἀργυρίου ἀλλάξασθαι [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 371d; [[ἀμείβειν]] τι ἀντί τινος Pi.''P.''4.17, cf. E.''Or.''646,651; ἀντὶ ποίας εὐεργεσίας; Lys.6.40, etc.; τί δ' ἐστὶν ἀνθ' οὗ..; S.''Ant.''237; [[ὄνειδος]] ἀνθ' ὅτου Id.''OC''967; <b class="b3">δοίην ἀντ' ἀνιῶν ἀνίας</b> [[grief]] [[for]] [[grief]], Thgn.344; ἀντ' ἀγαθῶν ἀγαθοῖσι βρύοις A.''Supp.''966:—hence ἀνθ' ὧν [[wherefore]], A.''Pr.''31, S.''OT''264, Th.6.83, ''Ev.Luc.''12.3; ἀντὶ τούτου [[therefore]], Ep.Eph.5.31; but <b class="b3">ἀνθ' ὧν</b> also for <b class="b3">ἀντὶ τούτων ὄτι.</b>., [[because]], S.''Ant.'' 1068, Ar.''Pl.''434; ἀντὶ τοῦ; [[wherefore]]? [[why]]? S.''OT''1021; also ἀνθ' ὧν ὅτι ἦτε.. [[instead of being as you were]].., [[LXX]] ''De.''28.62.<br><span class="bld">4</span> [[for the sake of]], Pl.''Mx.''237a, [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Nicomachean Ethics|EN]]''1110a21; with Verbs of entreaty, like [[πρός]] c. gen., ἀντὶ παίδων ἱκετεύομέν σε S.''OC''1326.<br><span class="bld">5</span> to mark comparison, <b class="b3">ἓν ἀνθ' ἑνός</b> one [[set against]] the [[other]], [[compared with]] it, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 331b, ''Lg.''705b; <b class="b3">χάριν ἀντὶ χάριτος</b>, i.e. ever-increasing grace, ''Ev.Jo.''1.16; [[in preference to]], ἀφνεὸν βούλεται ἀντ' ἀγαθοῦ Thgn.188; ἀντὶ αὐλοῦ καὶ ἀντὶ κιθάρας ὁ ἦχος ἀκούεται Demetr.''Eloc.'' 71; αἱρεῖσθαί τι ἀντί τινος Isoc.9.3, D.1.1, cf. X.''Lac.''9.1: even after Comparatives, πλέον ἀντὶ σοῦ S.''Tr.''577; μείζον' ὅστις ἀντὶ τῆς αὑτοῦ πάτρας φίλον νομίζει Id.''Ant.''182; so (esp. after a neg.) ἄλλος ἀντ' ἐμοῦ A.''Pr.''467, [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''444, Ar.''Nu.''653; δόξαν ἀντὶ τοῦ ζῆν ἠγαπηκώς Plu.''Alex.''42.<br><span class="bld">B</span> POSITION: [[ἀντί]] rarely follows its [[case]], as in Il.23.650, A. ''Ag.''1277, ''Ig''5(1).1119 (Geronthrae, iv B.C.), ''AP''7.715 (Leon.); but the Gramm. hold that it never suffers [[anastrophe]].<br><span class="bld">C</span> IN COMPOS. it signifies,<br><span class="bld">1</span> [[over against]], [[opposite]], as [[ἀντιβαίνω]], [[ἀντίπορος]].<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[against]], [[in opposition to]], as [[ἀντιλέγω]], [[ἀντίβιος]].<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[one against another]], [[mutually]], as [[ἀντιδεξιόομαι]].<br><span class="bld">4</span> [[in return]], as [[ἀντιβοηθέω]].<br><span class="bld">5</span> [[instead of]], as [[ἀντιβασιλεύς]], [[ἀνθύπατος]].<br><span class="bld">6</span> [[equal to]], [[like]], as [[ἀντίθεος]], [[ἀντίπαις]], [[ἀντίδουλος]].<br><span class="bld">7</span> [[corresponding]], [[counter]], as [[ἀντίφορτος]], [[ἀντίτυπος]].

|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-01-0248.png Seite 248]] praeposit. c. gen. Als adv. findet es sich nicht, da [[ἄντα]], [[ἐναντίον]] dessen Stelle vertreten; über die Vrbdg mit dem bloßen inf ohne τοῦ s. unten. Es steht hinter dem regierten Wort, Il. 28, 650 Aesch. Ag. 1250 u. in einigen anderen Dichterstellen, ohne die Anastrophe zu erleiden, s. Lehrs Quaestt. epice. P. 71 sqq. [[Gegenüber]], a) örtlich: in dieser Bedeutung wird [[ἀντία]] u. [[ἄντα]] bei Hom. gebraucht, aber nicht [[ἀντί]]; man muß also lesen Od. 4, 115 χλαῖναν ἄντ' ὀφθαλμοῖιν ἀνασχών, = [[ἄντα]], vor beide Augen, nicht ἀντ' ὀφθαλμοῖιν = [[ἀντί]]; Iliad. 21, 481 [[ἀντί]]' [[ἐμεῖο]] στήσεσθαι = [[ἀντία]], nicht [[ἀντί]]; ἄντ' Αἴαντος ἐείσατο 15, 415; ἄντ' ἠελίοιο, gegen die Sonne gekehrt, Hes. O. 725. Vgl. Spitzner exc. XVII. zur Il. Dagegen kann man hierher ziehen ἀνθ' ὧν (δένδρων) ἑστηκότες, hinter den Bäumen stehend, Xen. An. 4, 7, 6. – b) Homerisch ist [[ἀντί]] in der Bdtg »gleich«, [[ἴσος]]; Iliad. 21, 75 [[ἀντί]] [[τοί]] εἰμ' ἱκέταο, Scholl. Aristonic. ἡ [[διπλῆ]] ὅτι ἀντὶ τοῦ [[ἴσος]] ἱκέτῃ [[εἰμί]]; 9, 116 [[ἀντί]] νυπολλῶν λαῶν ἐστὶν ἀνὴρ ὅν τε Ζεὺς κῆρι φιλήσῃ, so viel werth wie viel Volk, vgl. Scholl. Aristonic.; Od. 8, 546 ἀντὶ κασιγνήτου ξεῖνός θ' [[ἱκέτης]] τε τέτυκται, gilt einem Bruder gleich, vgl. Scholl. Ariston. Iliad. 21, 75; Iliad. 8, 163 γυναικος ἄρ' ἀντὶ τέτυξο, wo auch ἀντιτέτυξο u. ἀντετέτυξο u. ἀντ' ἐτέτυξο gelesen wird, vgl. Scholl.; sehr zweifelhaft Iliad. 8. 233, s. unter [[ἄντα]] u. vgl. Lehrs Aristarch. p. 120 sq. Auch in Prosa, ὃν ἀγῶνα ἐγώ φημι ἀντὶ πάντων τῶν [[ἐνθάδε]] ἀγώνων εἶναι, er ist ihnen gleich zu achten, od. noch vorzuziehen, Plat. Gorg. 526 e; δουλεύειν ἀντὶ τῶν ἀργυρωνήτων, wie gekaufte Sklaven, Dem. 17, 3; bes. ἑλέσθαι τι [[ἀντί]] τινος, es nicht bloß gleichsetzen, sondern noch vorziehen, wobei der Gebrauch unter d) zu vergleichen, z. B. ἀντὶ ὧν ἔχω πάντων ἐλευθερίαν ἑλοίμην ἄν Xen. An. 1, 7, 3; Thuc. 4, 20; ἀντὶ πολλῶν χρημάτων Dem. 1, 1; auch ἀγαπᾶν τι [[ἀντί]] τινος Plut. Alex. 42; ἀντὶ παντὸς ἔχειν, d. i. sehr hohen Werth auf etwas legen, C. Graech. 8; ἓν ἀνθ' ἑνός, eins gegen das andere gehalten, d. i. besonders, gerade, z. B. πάντων ἡγούμεθα [[ἄριστον]] ἓν ἀνθ' ἑνός Plat. Phil. 63 c Rep. I, 331 b. Dah. auch nach [[ἄλλος]], w. m. s., u. sogar nach dem comparativ., Soph. Ant. 182 Trach. 574. Ferner bedeutet es – c) einen Übergang in einen andern Zustand, βελτίους ἐποίησε τοὺς πολίτας ἀντὶ χειρόνων, er machte aus schlechteren bessere Bürger, Plat. Gorg. 515 d; ἀντ' ἐλευθέρων γενόμενοι δοῦλοι, aus Freien Sklaven geworden, Polit. 308 a; πολέμιον ἀντὶ φίλου καταστῆναι, aus einem Freunde ein Feind werden, Her. 1, 87; vgl. Thuc. 1, 86; ἐγίνετο [[φίλος]] [[χρήσιμος]] ἀντὶ ἀχρήστου Xen. Cyr. 8, 1, 11. Aehnl. ἀντὶ τούτων τῶν αἰσχρῶν ὀνομάτων εὐδαίμονες κέκληνται, statt dieser schimpflichen Namen haben sie den der Glücklichen, Plat. Rep. I, 344 b. Allgemein – d) das Eintreten in die Stelle eines Andern: statt; Ἕκτορος ἀντὶ [[πεφάσθαι]], statt des Hektor getödtet sein, Il. 24, 254; [[καί]] κέ τοι ἀντὶ γάμοιο πατὴρ τάφον ἀμφεπονεῖτο Od. 20, 307; ἀμείβειν τι [[ἀντί]] τινος Pind. P. 4, 17; βασιλεύειν ἀντ' ἐκείνου Her. 1, 108; Xen. An. 1, 1, 4; τάφρον ποιεῖν ἀντ' ἐρύματος 1, 7, 16; καθιστάναι [[ἀντί]] τινος Mem. 3, 1, 12; u. dah. beim Preise einer Sache, ἀντ' ἀργυρίου ἀλλάξασθαι, für Geld eintauschen, Plat. Rep. II, 371 a; νῆσον ἀντὶ χρημάτων παρέλαβον Her. 3, 59. Aehnl. ἀντὶ τῶν πολλῶν πόνων σμικρὰ ἀπολαῦσαι, wenig Genuß fürviele Arbeit, Plat. Phaedr. 255 e, u. Sp., wie ἀντὶ βρώσεως μιᾶς ἀπέδοτο τὰ [[πρωτοτόκια]] Matth. 5, 38. Von der Widervergeltung, Hom. Iliad. 23, 650 σοὶ δὲ θεοὶ τῶνδ' ἀντὶ [[χάριν]] μενοεικέα δοῖεν; Od. 22, 290 τοῦτό τοι ἀντὶ ποδὸς ξεινήιον, ὅν ποτ' ἔδωκας Οδυσῆι. So vom jus talienis, ὀφθαλμὸν ἀντὶ όφθαλμοῦ, Auge um Auge, Matth. 5, 28. Aber ἐλάβομεν [[χάριν]] ἀντὶ [[χάριτος]] Ioh. 1, 16 an die Stelle der Gnade immer wieder neue Gnade, womit man Theogn. 342. 344 vgl., wo dem δὸς δέ μοι ἀντὶ κακῶν [[καί]] τι [[παθεῖν]] ἀγαθόν entspricht δοίης δ' ἀντ' ἀνιῶν ἀνίας; – ἀνὴρ ἀντ' ἀνδρὸς λυθείς, Mann gegen Mann, Thuc. 5, 3. So bes. ἀνθ' ὧν für ἀντὶ τούτων, ἅ, z. B. εὖ [[ἔπαθον]], εὖ πεποίημαι, für das Gute, das ich erfahren habe, Xen. An. 1, 3, 4. 6, 1, 48 u. öfter; u. allgem.: dafür daß, z. B. ἀνθ' ὧν ἔθυσεν αὐτήν Soph. El. 565; auch ἀνθ' ὧν ἱκνοῦμαι ὑμᾶς, deshalb, O. C. 1044; ebenso ἀνθ' ὅτου ἡμάρτανον 971; ἀνθ' οὗ ἔχεις ἀθυμίαν Ant. 237; vgl. Aesch. Prom. 31; ἀνθ' ὅτου οἱ θεοὶ νίκην διδόασιν, wofür, Plat. Alc. II, 148 e; ἀντὶ τίνος; weshalb? Lys. 208 e; ἀντὶ τοῦ; Xen. Cyr. 8. 3, 31. – Mit dem inf. gew. = statt, ἀντὶ τοῦ ἀρήγειν Xen. Cyr. 4, 2, 19; vgl. Mem. 1, 2, 64; Her. läßt auch den Artikel aus, also adverbialisch, ἀντὶ δὲ ἄρχεσθαι ὑπ' ἄλλων ἄρχειν ἁπάντων Her. 1, 210; [[γενέσθαι]] ἀντὶ εἶναι νησιώτας ἠπειρώτας 7, 170; vgl. 6, 32; selten: dafür daß; – ἀντὶ παίδων τῶνδε ἱκετεύομεν, um dieser Kinder willen, d. i. bei deinen Kindern flehen wir, Soph. O. C. 1326.

|txtha=([[before]] ὤν, ἀνθ'; [[elsewhere]] neglecting elision) a preposition followed by the genitive ([[answering]] to the Latin ante and the German prefixes [[ant]]-, ent-), in the [[use]] of [[which]] the N. T. writings [[coincide]] [[with]] the Greek (Winer's Grammar, 364 (341));<br /><b class="num">1.</b> [[properly]], it seems to [[have]] signified [[over]] [[against]], [[opposite]] to, [[before]], in a [[local]] [[sense]] ([[Alexander]] Buttmann (1873) Gram., p. 412; (cf. [[Curtius]], § 204)). Hence,<br /><b class="num">2.</b> indicating [[exchange]], [[succession]], for, [[instead]] of, in [[place]] of ([[something]]).<br /><b class="num">a.</b> [[universally]], [[instead]] of: [[ἀντί]] ἰχθύος ὄφιν, [[ἀντί]] περιβολαίου to [[serve]] as a [[covering]], [[ἀντί]] τοῦ λέγειν, [[ἀντί]] τοῦ [[with]] the infinitive [[often]] in Greek writings (Winer's Grammar, 329 (309); Buttmann, 263 (226))).<br /><b class="num">b.</b> of [[that]] for [[which]] [[anything]] is given, [[received]], endured: [[λύτρον]] [[ἀντί]] πολλῶν, [[κακόν]] [[ἀντί]] κακοῦ ἀποδιδόναι, ἀνθ' ὧν equivalent to [[ἀντί]] [[τούτων]], [[ὅτι]] for [[that]], [[because]]: Wetstein (1752) on Herm. ad Vig., p. 710; (Winer's Grammar, 364 (342), cf. 162 (153); Buttmann, 105 (92)); [[Hebrew]] אֲשֶׁר תַּחַת, ἀνθ' ὧν [[wherefore]], [[ἀντί]] [[τούτου]] for [[this]] [[cause]], [[Ἀρχέλαος]] βασιλεύει [[ἀντί]] Ἡρῴδου in [[place]] of [[Herod]], [[Herodotus]] 1,108; [[Xenophon]], an. 1,1, 4). [[χάριν]] [[ἀντί]] [[χάριτος]] [[grace]] in the [[place]] of [[grace]], [[grace]] [[succeeding]] [[grace]] [[perpetually]], i. e. the richest [[abundance]] of [[grace]], [[Theognis]], [[verse]] 344 ἀντ' ἀνιων ἀνιας ([[yet]] cf. the context [[verse]] 342 (vss. 780,778, Welcker edition); [[more]] [[appropriate]] are the references to [[Philo]], i. 254, Mang. edition (de poster. Caini § 43, vol. ii. 39, Richter edition), and Chrysostom de sacerdot. l. 6c. 13 § 622)).<br /><b class="num">3.</b> As a prefix, it denotes a. [[opposite]], [[over]] [[against]]: ἀντιπεραι, ἀντιπαρέρχεσθαι.<br /><b class="num">b.</b> the [[mutual]] [[efficiency]] of [[two]]: ἀντιβάλλειν, ἀντικάλειν, ἀντιλοιδόρειν.<br /><b class="num">c.</b> [[requital]]: [[ἀντιμισθία]], [[ἀνταποδίδωμι]].<br /><b class="num">d.</b> [[hostile]] [[opposition]]: [[ἀντίχριστος]].<br /><b class="num">e.</b> [[official]] substitution [[instead]] of: [[ἀνθύπατος]].

|mdlsjtxt=<br />[[Perseus]]. [[over]] [[against]], [[opposite]]. c. gen.<br />c. gen. orig.:— [[sense]] [[over]] [[against]], [[opposite]].<br />A. Usage,<br /><b class="num">1.</b> of [[place]], [[instead]], in the [[place]] of, Hom., etc.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> as [[good]] as, [[equal]] to, ἀντὶ πολλῶν λαῶν ἐστίν he is as [[good]] as [[many]] men, Il.; ἀντὶ κασιγνήτου Od.<br /><b class="num">3.</b> at the [[price]] of, for, ἀντὶ χρημάτων for [[money]] paid, Hdt., etc.<br /><b class="num">4.</b> for the [[sake]] of, Soph.<br /><b class="num">5.</b> to [[mark]] [[comparison]], ἓν ἀνθ' [[ἑνός]] one set [[against]] the [[other]], compared with it, Plat.: so, [[after]] Comparatives, [[πλέον]] ἀντὶ σοῦ Soph.; also (esp. [[after]] a [[negative]]), [[ἄλλος]] ἀντ' [[ἐμοῦ]] Aesch.<br />B. Position: [[ἀντί]] [[rarely]] follows its [[case]], and then does not [[suffer]] [[anastrophe]].<br />C. IN COMPOS.,<br /><b class="num">1.</b> [[over]] [[against]], [[opposite]], as [[ἀντίπορος]].<br /><b class="num">2.</b> [[against]], in [[opposition]] to, as [[ἀντιλέγω]].<br /><b class="num">3.</b> in [[return]], as [[ἀντιβοηθέω]].<br /><b class="num">4.</b> [[instead]], as [[ἀντήνωρ]].<br /><b class="num">5.</b> [[equal]] to, like, as [[ἀντίθεος]].<br /><b class="num">6.</b> [[counter]], as [[ἀντίτυπος]].