δύναμις: Difference between revisions

|Definition=[ῠ], ἡ, gen. εως, Ion. ιος, Ion. dat. δυνάμι: ([[δύναμαι]]):—<br><span class="bld">A</span> [[power]], [[might]], in Hom., especially of [[bodily]] [[strength]], εἴ μοι δύναμις γε παρείη Od. 2.62, cf. Il.8.294; οἵη ἐμὴ δύναμις καὶ χεῖρες Od.20.237; ἡ δύναμις τῶν νέων Antipho 4.3.2, etc.: generally, [[strength]], [[power]], [[ability]] to do anything, [[πὰρ δύναμιν]] = [[beyond]] one's [[strength]], Il.13.787; in Prose, παρὰ δύναμις τολμηταί Th.1.70, etc.; [[ὑπὲρ δύναμιν]] D.18.193; opp. [[κατὰ δύναμιν]] = as far as [[lie]]s in one, Hdt.3.142, etc. (κὰδ δύναμις Hes.Op.336); εἰς δύναμιν Cratin. 172, Pl.R. 458e, etc.; πρὸς τὴν δύναμιν Id.Phdr.231a.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[outward]] [[power]], [[influence]], [[authority]], A.Pers.174 (anap.), Ag.779 (lyr.); καταπαύσαντα τὴν Κύρου δύναμιν Hdt.1.90; δυνάμει προὔχοντες Th.7.21, etc.; ἐν δύναμις εἶναι, [[γενέσθαι]], X.HG4.4.5, D.13.29.<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[force]] for [[war]], [[forces]], δύναμις ἀνδρῶν Hdt.5.100, cf. Pl.Mx.240d, Plb.1.41.2, [[LXX]] Ge.21.22, OGI139.8 (ii B. C.); μετὰ δυνάμεων ἱκανῶν Wilcken Chr.10 (ii B. C.), etc.; δύναμις καὶ πεζὴ καὶ ἱππικὴ καὶ ναυτική X.An.1.3.12; πέντε δυνάμεσι πεφρουρημένον, of the five projecting rows of [[sarissa|sarissae]] in the [[phalanx]], Ascl.Tact.5.2,al.<br><span class="bld">4</span> a [[power]], [[quantity]], χρημάτων δύναμις Hdt.7.9.ά.<br><span class="bld">5</span> [[means]], [[κατὰ δύναμιν]] Arist.EE1243b12; opp. [[παρὰ δύναμιν]], 2 Ep.Cor.8.3; κατὰ δύναμιν τῶν ὑπαρχόντων BGU1051.17 (Aug.).<br><span class="bld">II</span> [[power]], [[faculty]], [[capacity]], αἱ ἀμφὶ τὸ σῶμα δυνάμεις Hp.VM14; αἱ τοῦ σώματος δυνάμεις Pl.Tht.185e; ἡ τῆς ὄψεως δύναμις Id.R. 532a; ἡ τῶν λεγόντων δύναμις D.22.11: c. gen. rei, [[capacity]] for, τῶν ἔργων Arist.Pol.1309a35; τοῦ [[λέγειν]] Id.Rh.1362b22; τοῦ λόγου, τῶν λόγων, Men.578, Alex.94; δύναμις στρατηγική Plb.1.84.6; δύναμις ἐν πραγματείᾳ Id.2.56.5; δύναμις συνθετική D.H.Comp.2: abs., any [[natural]] [[capacity]] or [[faculty]], that may be improved and may be used for good or ill, Arist.Top. 126a37, cf. MM1183b28.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[elementary]] [[force]], such as [[heat]], [[cold]], etc., Hp.VM16, Arist.PA646a14ἡ τοῦ θερμοῦ δύναμις ib.650a5; [[θερμαντικός|θερμαντικὴ]] δύναμις Epicur.Fr.60, cf. Polystr.p.23 W.<br><span class="bld">b</span> [[property]], [[quality]], ἰδίην δύναμιν καὶ φύσιν ἔχειν Hp.VM13, cf. Nat.Hom.5, Vict.1.10; especially of the [[natural]] [[property|properties]] of plants, etc., αἱ δυνάμεις τῶν φυομένων, τῶν σπερμάτων, X.Cyr.8.8.14, Thphr.HP8.11.1; [[productive]] [[power]], τῆς γῆς Id.Oec.16.4; μετάλλων Id.Vect.4.1: generally, [[function]], [[faculty]], δύναμις [[φυσική]], [[ζωική]], [[ψυχική]], Gal.10.635; [[Περὶ φυσικῶν δυνάμεων]] = On the Physical Capacities, title of work by [[Galen]].<br><span class="bld">c</span> in plural, [[agency|agencies]], [[ὑπάρχειν]] ἐν τῇ φύσει τὰς τοιαύτας δυνάμεις (sc. the gods) Polystr.p.10 W.<br><span class="bld">d</span> [[function]], [[meaning]], of part in whole, Id.p.17 W.<br><span class="bld">e</span> in Music, [[function]], [[value]], of a [[note]] in the [[scale]], δύναμις δέ ἐστι [[τάξις]] φθόγγου ἐν συστήματι = value is the [[position]] of a [[note]] within a [[system]] Cleonid.Harm.14, cf. Aristox.Harm.p.69M.; μέση κατὰ δύναμιν, opp. [[κατὰ θέσιν]], Ptol. Harm.2.5.<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[faculty]], [[art]], or [[craft]], Pl.R.532d, Arist.Metaph. 1018a30, EN1094a10, Arr.Epict.1.1.1; δύναμις σκεπτική = the [[doctrine]] of the Sceptics, S.E.M.7.1.<br><span class="bld">4</span> a [[medicine]], Timostr.7, etc.; δυνάμεις ἁπλαῖ Hp.Decent.9, Aret.CD1.4, etc.; δυνάμεις πολυφάρμακοι Plu.2.403c, Gal.13.365: in plural, [[collection]] of [[formula]]e or [[prescription]]s, Orib.10.33.<br><span class="bld">b</span> [[action]] of [[medicine]]s, περὶ τῆς ἁπλῶν φαρμάκων δυνάμεως, title of work by [[Galen]]; also, [[potency]], [[δυνάμει]] [[θερμά]], [[ψυχρά]], Id.1.672, al.<br><span class="bld">5</span> [[magically]] [[potent]] [[substance]] or [[object]], PMag.Leid.V.8.12: in plural, [[magical]] [[power]]s, Hld.4.7.<br><span class="bld">III</span> [[force]] or [[meaning]] of a [[word]], Lys.10.7, Pl. Cra.394b, Diog.Oen.12, Phld.Sign.31, etc.<br><span class="bld">b</span> [[phonetic]] [[value]] of [[sound]]s or [[letter]]s, Plb.10.47.8, D.H.Comp.12, Luc.Jud.Voc.5, etc.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[worth]] or [[value]] of [[money]], Th.6.46,2.97, Plu.Lyc.9, Sol. 15.<br><span class="bld">IV</span> [[capability]] of [[exist]]ing or [[act]]ing, [[potentiality]], opp. [[actuality]] ([[ἐνέργεια]]), Arist.Metaph.1047b31, 1051a5, etc.: hence [[δυνάμει]] as adverb, [[virtually]], ὕστερον ὂν τῇ τάξει, πρότερον τῇ δυνάμει… ἐστί D.3.15; opp. [[ἐνεργείᾳ]], Arist.APo.86a28, al.; opp. [[ἐντελεχείᾳ]], Id.Ph.193b8, al.<br><span class="bld">V</span> Math., [[power]], κατὰ μεταφορὰν ἡ ἐν γεωμετρίᾳ λέγεται δύναμις Id.Metaph.1019b33; usually [[second power]], [[square]], [[κατὰ δύναμιν]] = in [[square]], Pl.Ti.54b, cf. Theol.Ar.11, etc.: chiefly in dat., [εὐθεῖα] δυνάμει ἴση a [[line]] the [[square]] on which is [[equal]] to an [[area]], ἡ BA [[ἐλάσσων]] ἐστὶν ἢ διπλασίων δυνάμει τῆς AK the [[square]] on BA is less than [[double]] of the [[square]] on AK, Archim.Sph.Cyl.2.9: εὐθεῖαι δυνάμεις σύμμετροι = [[commensurable]] in [[square]], Euc.10Def.2; ἡ δυνάμει [[δεκάς]] the series 12 + 22… + 102, Theol.Ar.64.<br><span class="bld">b</span> [[square number]], Pl.Ti.32a.<br><span class="bld">c</span> [[square]] of an [[unknown]] [[quantity]] (x2), Dioph.Def.2, al.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[square root]] of a [[number]] which is not a [[perfect]] [[square]], [[surd]], opp. [[μῆκος]], Pl. Tht.147d.<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[product]] of two numbers, ἡ [[ἀμφοῖν]] (sc. τριάδος καὶ δυάδος) δύναμις [[ἑξάς]] Ph.1.3, cf. Iamb.in Nic.p.108 P.; [[δυνάμει]] [[in product]], Hero Metr.1.15, Theol.Ar.33.<br><span class="bld">VI</span> [[concrete]], [[power]]s, especially of [[divine]] [[being]]s, αἱ δυνάμεις τῶν οὐρανῶν [[LXX]] Is.34.4, cf. 1 Ep.Pet.3.22, al., Ph.1.587, Corp.Herm.1.26, Porph.Abst.2.34: sg., Act.Ap.8.10, PMag.Par.1.1275; [[πολυώνυμος]] δύναμις, of God, Secund.Sent.3.<br><span class="bld">VII</span> [[manifestation]] of [[divine]] [[power]], [[miracle]], Ev.Matt.11.21, al., Buresch Aus Lydien 113, etc.

|btext=εως (ἡ) :<br />puissance, <i>càd</i> :<br /><b>I.</b> faculté de pouvoir ; [[εἰς]] δύναμιν [[ὅτι]] [[μάλιστα]] PLAT le plus possible, tout le possible ; πάσῃ δυνάμει ESCHN par tous les moyens possibles ; παρὰ δύναμιν, ὑπὲρ δύναμιν, au delà du possible;<br /><b>II.</b> <i>abs.</i> pouvoir, puissance, force :<br /><b>1</b> force physique ; πὰρ δύναμιν IL au-dessus des forces (de qqn);<br /><b>2</b> force morale (du caractère, de l'intelligence, de la parole, <i>etc.</i>) : ἡ [[τῶν]] λόγων [[δύναμις]] ARSTT puissance de la parole ; <i>abs.</i> faculté, art, science (rhétorique, logique, médecine);<br /><b>3</b> <i>en gén.</i> puissance des choses : [[δύναμις]] [[τῶν]] φυομένων XÉN vertu des plantes ; <i>abs.</i> [[αἱ]] δυνάμεις plantes médicinales ; [[δύναμις]] τῆς γῆς XÉN fécondité de la terre ; <i>de même</i>, valeur d'une monnaie, valeur <i>ou</i> signification d'un mot;<br /><b>4</b> force militaire, forces, troupes ; [[δύναμις]] καὶ πεζὴ καὶ ἱππικὴ καὶ ναυτική XÉN forces en infanterie, en cavalerie et en vaisseaux;<br /><b>III.</b> <i>abs.</i> la puissance, le pouvoir : [[θεῶν]] [[δύναμις]] EUR le pouvoir des dieux ; [[ἐν]] δυνάμει [[εἶναι]] XÉN être puissant.<br />'''Étymologie:''' [[δύναμαι]].

|sltr=<b>δῠνᾰμις</b> (-ις, -ιν) [[power]], [[resources]] cf. Fränkel, W &amp; F 359. ξένον μή τιν' δύναμιν κυριώτερον [[τῶν]] γε [[νῦν]] (sc. Ἱέρωνα) (O. 1.104) [[τόλμα]] δὲ καὶ ἀμφιλαφὴς [[δύναμις]] ἕσποιτο (sc. [[ἐμοί]] i. e. poetic [[resource]]) (O. 9.82) τελεῖ δὲ [[θεῶν]] [[δύναμις]] καὶ τὰν παρ' ὅρκον καὶ παρὰ ἐλπίδα κούφαν κτίσιν (O. 13.83) Λοκρὶς [[παρθένος]] διὰ τεὰν δύναμιν δρακεῖσ' ἀσφαλές i. e. [[through]] the [[power]] of Hieron (P. 2.20) σοφοὶ δέ [[τοι]] [[κάλλιον]] φέροντι καὶ τὰν θεόσδοτον δύναμιν (P. 5.13) εἶδε γὰρ ἐκνόμιον λῆμά τε καὶ δύναμιν υἱοῦ i. e. his [[physical]] [[strength]] (N. 1.57) διείργει δὲ ([[ἡμᾶς]] sc.) [[πᾶσα]] κεκριμένα [[δύναμις]] (N. 6.3) εὐθυμίᾳ σκιαζέτω νόημ' ἄκοτον ἐπὶ μέτρα, ἰδὼν δύναμιν οἰκόθετον (Pae. 1.4) ][[δύναμις]] ἀρκεῖ (ὧν [[σοι]]] e. g. supp. Snell) Πα. 1. . ]δυνᾳμ[ ?fr. 333d. col. 2. 16.

|txtha=δυνάμεως, ἡ; (from Homer down); the Sept. for חַיִל, גְּבוּרָה, עֹז, כֹּחַ, צָבָא (an [[army]], a [[host]]); [[strength]], [[ability]], [[power]];<br /><b class="num">a.</b> [[universally]], "[[inherent]] [[power]], [[power]] residing in a [[thing]] by [[virtue]] of its [[nature]], or [[which]] a [[person]] or [[thing]] exerts and puts [[forth]]": ἡ [[δύναμις]] ἐν [[ἀσθένεια]] τελεῖται (R G τελειοῦται)); [[ἰδίᾳ]] δυνάμει, [[μεγάλη]] δυνάμει, ἑκάστῳ [[κατά]] [[τήν]] ἰδίαν δύναμιν, [[ὑπέρ]] δύναμιν, [[beyond]] [[our]] [[power]], ἐν δυνάμει [[namely]], ὤν, endued [[with]] [[power]], ἔρχεσθαι ἐν δυνάμει, [[powerfully]], [[evidently]], ἐν δυνάμει σημείων [[καί]] τεράτων, [[through]] the [[power]] [[which]] I exerted [[upon]] [[their]] souls by performing miracles, [[δύναμις]] [[εἰς]] τί, [[δύναμις]] [[ἐπί]] τά δαιμόνια [[καί]] νόσους θεραπεύειν, ἡ [[δύναμις]] τῆς ἁμαρτίας ὁ [[νόμος]], [[sin]] exercises its [[power]] ([[upon]] the [[soul]]) [[through]] the [[law]], i. e. [[through]] the [[abuse]] of the [[law]], τῆς ἀναστάσεως [[τοῦ]] Χριστοῦ, the [[power]] [[which]] the [[resurrection]] of Christ has, for instructing, reforming, elevating, tranquilizing, the [[soul]], τῆς εὐσεβείας, inhering in [[godliness]] and operating [[upon]] souls, δυνάμεις μέλλοντος αἰῶνος ([[see]] [[αἰών]], 3), τό [[πνεῦμα]] τῆς δυνάμεως ([[see]] [[πνεῦμα]], 5), [[δύναμις]] is used of the [[power]] of angels: [[τοῦ]] ἐχθροῦ, i. e. of the [[devil]], [[τοῦ]] δράκοντος, δυνάμεις (cf. ([[Philo]] de mutat. nora. § 8 δυνάμεις ἀσωματοι) Meyer as [[above]]; Lightfoot on [[ἄγγελος]]): ἡ [[δύναμις]] [[τοῦ]] Θεοῦ, [[universally]], the [[power]] of God: [[δύναμις]] ὑψίστου, ἡ [[δύναμις]], [[especially]] in doxologies, the [[kingly]] [[power]] of God, הַגְּבוּרָה in Jewish writings; cf. Buxtorf Lex. talm. Colossians 385 (p. 201f, Fischer edition)) equivalent to ὁ [[δυνατός]], [[δύναμις]] [[τοῦ]] Θεοῦ is used of the [[divine]] [[power]] considered as acting [[upon]] the minds of men, [[εἰς]] τινα, WH in brackets); ἐνδύεσθαι δύναμιν ἐξ ὕψους, δυνάμεις Θεοῦ: [[thus]], ὁ [[Χριστός]], ὁ [[λόγος]] [[τοῦ]] σταυροῦ, τό [[εὐαγγέλιον]], [[with]] the [[addition]] [[εἰς]] σωτηρίαν παντί, etc. Winer's Grammar, § 36,3b.). [[δύναμις]] is ascribed to Christ, [[now]] in [[one]] [[sense]] and [[now]] in [[another]]: a [[power]] to [[heal]] [[disease]] [[proceeds]] from him, ἄγγελοι τῆς δυνάμεως [[αὐτοῦ]] ([[see]] [[ἄγγελος]], 2), [[ministering]] to his [[power]], Winer's Grammar, § 34,3b. [[note]]); [[metaphysical]] (or [[essential]]) [[power]], viz. [[that]] [[which]] belongs to him as ὁ [[θεῖος]] [[λόγος]], in the [[expression]] τό ῤῆμα τῆς δυνάμεως [[αὐτοῦ]], the [[word]] uttered by his [[power]], equivalent to his [[most]] [[powerful]] [[will]] and [[energy]], R G; and called ἡ [[θεία]] [[αὐτοῦ]] [[δύναμις]] in ἡ [[δύναμις]] [[τοῦ]] κυρίου, the [[power]] of Christ [[invisibly]] [[present]] and [[operative]] in Christian [[church]] [[formally]] [[assembled]], [[δύναμις]] [[τοῦ]] ἁγίου πνεύματος: Winer's Grammar, 125 (119)); [[πνεῦμα]] [[ἅγιον]] [[καί]] [[δύναμις]], [[ἀπόδειξις]] πνεύματος [[καί]] δυνάμεως ([[see]] [[ἀπόδειξις]], b.), ἐν τῇ δυνάμει [[τοῦ]] πνεύματος, [[under]] or [[full]] of the [[power]] of the [[Holy Spirit]], ἐν δυνάμει πνεύματος ἁγίου, by the [[power]] and [[influence]] of the [[Holy Spirit]], the [[power]] of performing miracles: [[πᾶσα]] [[δύναμις]], [[every]] [[kind]] of [[power]] of [[working]] miracles ([[with]] the [[addition]] of [[καί]] σημείοις [[καί]] τέρασι), ἐνεργήματα δυνάμεων, a [[mighty]] [[work]] (cf. Winer's Grammar, 32; Trench, § xci.): δύναμιν ποιεῖν, σημεῖα, σημεῖα [[καί]] τέρατα, ποιεῖν δυνάμεις, γίνονται δυνάμεις, [[moral]] [[power]] and [[excellence]] of [[soul]]: the [[power]] and [[influence]] [[which]] belong to [[riches]]; ([[pecuniary]] [[ability]]), [[wealth]]: [[τοῦ]] στρήνους, '[[riches]] [[ministering]] to [[luxury]]' (Grotius), [[κατά]] δύναμιν [[καί]] [[ὑπέρ]] (others, δύναμιν, according to [[their]] [[means]], [[yea]], [[beyond]] [[their]] [[means]], חַיִל, the Sept. [[Xenophon]], Cyril 8,4, 34; an. 7,7, 21 (36)).<br /><b class="num">e.</b> [[power]] and [[resources]] arising from numbers: [[power]] consisting in or resting [[upon]] armies, forces, hosts, (Song of Solomon, [[both]] in [[singular]] and in plural, [[often]] in Greek writings from [[Herodotus]], [[Thucydides]], [[Xenophon]], on; in the Sept. and in Apocrypha); [[hence]], δυνάμεις [[τοῦ]] οὐρανοῦ, the [[host]] of [[heaven]], Hebraistically the stars: δυνάμεις ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς, הַשָּׁמַיִם צְבָא, [[σαβαώθ]]).<br /><b class="num">g.</b> Like the Latin vis and potestas, equivalent to the ([[force]] i. e.) [[meaning]] of a [[word]] or [[expression]]: [[Plato]], Crat., p. 394h.; [[Polybius]] 20,9, 11; [[Dionysius]] [[Halicarnassus]] 1,68; [[Dio]] Cuss. 55,3; others). [ SYNONYMS: [[βία]], [[δύναμις]], [[ἐνέργεια]], [[ἐξουσία]], [[ἰσχύς]], [[κράτος]] [[βία]], [[force]], [[effective]], [[often]] [[oppressive]] [[power]], exhibiting itself in [[single]] deeds of [[violence]]; [[δύναμις]], [[power]], [[natural]] [[ability]], [[general]] and [[inherent]]; [[ἐνέργεια]], [[working]], [[power]] in [[exercise]], [[operative]] [[power]]; [[ἐξουσία]], [[primarily]] [[liberty]] of [[action]]; [[then]], [[authority]] — [[either]] as delegated [[power]], or as [[unrestrained]], [[arbitrary]] [[power]]; [[ἰσχύς]], [[strength]], [[power]] ([[especially]] [[physical]]) as an [[endowment]] [[κράτος]], [[might]], [[relative]] and manifested [[power]] — in the N. T. [[chiefly]] of God; τῷ [[κράτει]] τῆς ἰσχύος, [[τήν]] ἐνέργειαν τῆς δυναμμεως, [[τήν]] ἐνέργειαν [[τοῦ]] κράτους τῆς ἰσχύος, Schmidt, [[chapter]] 148; Lightfoot on Ephesians 1:19.]

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|ntstxt=[[aptitude]] ; [[miracle]]