ταχύς: Difference between revisions

|Definition=[ῠ], [[ταχεῖα]], [[ταχύ]]:<br><span class="bld">I</span> of motion, [[swift]], [[fleet]], opp. [[βραδύς]],<br><span class="bld">1</span> of persons and animals, either abs., Il.18.69, etc.; or more fully, πόδας ταχύς 13.249,482, 17.709, etc.; ταχὺς ἔσκε θέειν Od.17.308; <b class="b3">θείειν τ.</b> Il.16.186, Od.3.112; <b class="b3">κύνες, ἔλαφος, πτώξ, ἵππος</b>, Il.3.26, 8.248, 17.676, 23.347, etc.; οἰωνόν, ταχὺν ἄγγελον 24.292, cf. Od.15.526; <b class="b3">τ. βαδιστής</b> a [[quick]] walker, E.''Med.''1182; <b class="b3">σφοδροὶ καὶ τ.</b> [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''2.1.31.<br><span class="bld">2</span> of things, τ. πόδες Il.6.514, cf. Od.13.261, etc.; <b class="b3">τ. ἰός, ὀϊστοί</b>, Il.4.94, Od.22.3, etc.; πτερά [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[The Birds|Av.]]''1453; -ύτατα ἅρματα Pi.''O.''1.77; [[νῆες]], [[τριήρεις]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]8.23, Th.6.43, etc.; [ἴχνος] τὸ τοῦ ποδὸς μὲν βραδύ, τὸ τοῦ δὲ νοῦ ταχύ [[Euripides|E.]]''[[Ion]]''742.<br><span class="bld">II</span> of thought and purpose, [[quick]], [[hasty]], φρονεῖν γὰρ οἱ ταχεῖς οὐκ ἀσφαλεῖς [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''617: c. inf., <b class="b3">βλάπτειν τ.</b> Ar.''Ra.''1428; τ. βουλεῦσαί τι ἀνήκεστον Th.1.132, cf. 118, Luc. ''Dem.Enc.''12; also τ. πρὸς ὀργήν Plu.''Cat.Mi.''1; <b class="b3">τὸ ταχύ</b> [[speed]], [[haste]], E.''Ph.''452, X.''Eq.''7.18, etc.<br><span class="bld">2</span> of actions, events, etc., [[rapid]], [[sudden]], πήδημα [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''833; [[ᾅδης]], [[μόρος]], E.''Hipp.''1047, Mosch.3.26; πόλεμος Th.4.55, 6.45; φυγή Id.4.44; μεταβολή [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 553d; [[short]], <b class="b3">τ. ἐλπίδες</b> [[fleeting]] hopes, Pi.''P.''1.83; ἐπαυρέσεις Th.2.53; ἀτραπός Ar. ''Ra.''127; ταχεῖ σὺν χρόνῳ [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Coloneus|OC]]''1602; <b class="b3">τ. διήγησις</b> [[short]], [[rapid]], Arist. ''Rh.''1416b30.<br><span class="bld">B</span> Adv.,<br><span class="bld">1</span> regul. [[ταχέως]], [[quickly]], opp. [[βραδέως]], Il.23.365, Hes.''Th.''103, etc.:—rarely in sense [[perhaps]] (cf. [[τάχα]] ''ΙΙ''), Plb.16.25.8.<br><span class="bld">2</span> the Adv. is also expressed by [[periphrasis]], <b class="b3">διὰ ταχέων</b> [[in haste]], Th.1.80, 3.13, Pl.''Ap.''32d, X.''An.''1.5.9; ἐκ ταχείας S.''Tr.''395; cf. [[τάχος]] ''ΙΙ''.<br><span class="bld">3</span> neut. [[ταχύ]] as adverb, Pi.''P.''10.51, ''N.''1.51, S.''Ph.''349, E.''HF''885 (lyr.), [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[The Knights|Eq.]]''109, Gal.16.665, etc.; <b class="b3">ἤδη ἤδη τ. τ.</b> ''Sammelb.'' 4321.21, ''BGU''956.3 (both iii A.D.); <b class="b3">ἄρτι ἄρτι τ. τ.</b> ''Arch.Pap.''5.393 (ii A.D.); also [[τάχα]] ([[quod vide|q.v.]]).<br><span class="bld">4</span> the Adj. [[ταχύς]] is freq. construed with Verbs, where we should use the Adv., ταχέες δ' ἱππῆες ἄγερθεν Il.23.287; ταχεῖά γ' ἦλθε χρησμῶν πρᾶξις [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[The Persians|Pers.]]''739; ὁρμάσθω ταχύς S.''Ph.''526; <b class="b3">δεῦρ' ἀφίξεται τ.</b> Id.''OC''307; τ. χάρις διαρρεῖ Id.''Aj.'' 1266, cf. Th.2.75, 5.66.<br><span class="bld">C</span> Degrees of Comparison:<br><span class="bld">I</span> Comp.:<br><span class="bld">1</span> the form τᾰχύτερος, α, ον, is used by [[Herodotus|Hdt.]], ἐποίησα ταχύτερα ἢ σοφώτερα 3.65, cf. 7.194; also in Arist.''Mu.''394b3, Arr.''Ind.''9.6, Aret.''SD''1.16, but not in good Att.; [[ταχύτερον]] as adverb, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]4.127, 9.101, Hp. ''Prog.''17.<br><span class="bld">2</span> the more usual form is θάσσων, neut. [[θᾶσσον]], gen. ονος, Att. [[θάττων]], neut. [[θᾶττον]], Il.15.570, 13.819 (elsewhere only neut. in Hom.), etc.:—neut. as adverb, freq. in Hom., Od.2.307, al.; <b class="b3">θᾶσσον ἂν.. κλύοιμι</b> [[sooner]], i.e. [[rather]], would I hear, S.''Ph.'' 631; [[θᾶσσον]] also often stands for the Positive, Il.2.440, Od.15.201, 16.130, Pi.''P.''4.181, Ar.''Nu.''506, ''V.''187, ''Ra.''94; <b class="b3">οὐ θᾶσσον οἴσεις</b>; i.e. make haste and bring, S.''Tr.''1183, cf. ''OT''430; <b class="b3">θᾶττον νοήματος</b> [[quicker]] than thought, [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Memorabilia|Mem.]]''4.3.13, cf. Ar.''V.''824, etc.; with a Conj., <b class="b3">ὅτι θᾶσσον</b>, like [[ὅτι τάχιστα]], Theoc.24.48; <b class="b3">ἐπειδὴ θᾶττον συνεσκότασεν</b> as soon as.., D.54.5; ἐπειδὰν θ. συνιῇ τις [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Protagoras|Prt.]]'' 325c; ὅταν θ. φθέγγηται ὁ [[κόκκυξ]] [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Historia Animalium|HA]]''563b17, cf. 611a5; [[ἐὰν]] or <b class="b3">ἢν θ.</b> as soon as.., [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''3.3.20, ''An.''6.5.20, Pl.''Alc.''1.105a; <b class="b3">ἂν θ.</b> Men. ''Pk.''174; <b class="b3">εἰ θ.</b> Pl.''Ep.''324b; <b class="b3">ὡς θ.</b> Plb.1.66.1, 3.82.1; θ. rarely = [[sooner than]], [[before]], <b class="b3">ἐξήλαυνον μεσημβρίας οὐ πολλῷ τινι θ.</b> Aristid. ''Or.''51 (27).13 (cf. [[τάχιον]] infr. 3).<br><span class="bld">3</span> the form ταχίων [ῑ], neut. ιον, is freq. in late Prose, as [[LXX]] ''Wi.''13.9, ''1 Ma.''2.40, Ph.''Bel.''69.14, 17, 73.23, Gem.1.20, D.H.6.42, [[Diodorus Siculus|D.S.]]20.6, J. (v. infr.), Plu.2.240d, ''Ev.Jo.'' 20.4, Alciphr.3.4; also in Hp.''Mul.''1.1, Men.402.16; but condemned by Phryn.58, Hdn.''Philet.''p.436 P.; <b class="b3">τὴν ταχίονα τῆς τροφῆς παράθεσιν</b> [[earlier]], [[sooner]], Gal.19.206:—Adv. [[τάχιον]] [[earlier]], <b class="b3">πλέεται.. περὶ τὸν Σεπτέμβριον μῆνα... οὐδὲν δὲ κωλύει κἂν τ.</b> ''Peripl.M.Rubr.'' 24; <b class="b3">τ. τῆς ὑποσχέσεως</b> [[sooner]] than they had promised, ''Rev.Ét.Gr.'' 6.159 (Iasus); τ. τοῦ παραγγέλματος J.''BJ''4.4.2; εἰς μακρὸν αὐτῶν γῆρας καὶ βίου μῆκος ὅμοιον τοῖς τ. ἐπερχομένων Id.''AJ''1.3.7; ἀποπαύεται οὔτε τ. ἐτῶν τεσσαράκοντα οὔτε βράδιον ἐτῶν πεντήκοντα Sor. 1.20, cf. 48, al.; [[formerly]], ἐπεσκεύασαν τὸ παρόχιον,.. τ. γενόμενον γυμνάσιον ''IGRom.''3.639 (Lycia, ii A.D.), cf. 4.1517 (Sardis), 1632.14 (Philadelphia), 1665.5 (Tira), Keil-Premerstein ''Dritter Bericht'' p.79 (iii A.D.), ''Hermes'' 63.229 (Callatis); cf. supr. 2 fin.<br><span class="bld">II</span> Sup.:<br><span class="bld">1</span> the form ταχύτατος is rare, ταχύτατα ἅρματα Pi.''O.''1.77; [[ταχύτατα]] as adverb, X.''HG''5.1.27 codd., Antiph.87 codd.; but both passages have been corrected.<br><span class="bld">2</span> the usual form is τάχιστος, η, ον, used by Hom. only in neut. pl. [[τάχιστα]] as adverb, [[most quickly]], [[most speedily]], <b class="b3">ὅττι τάχιστα</b> [[as soon as may be]], [[as soon as possible]], Il.4.193, 9.659, al.; ὅτι τάχιστα [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''1341 (lyr.), Th.3.31, etc.; so <b class="b3">ὅσον τ.</b> A.''Ch.''772, S. ''OT''1436, etc.; ᾳ (prob.) τ. Pi.''O.''13.79; <b class="b3">ὅπως τ.</b> A.''Ag.''605, [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''1410, Ar.''V.''167; <b class="b3">ὡς τ.</b> ''IG''12.76.23, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.210, Th.4.15, E.''Rh.''147, X.''An.''1.3.14: these are ellipt. phrases, as may be seen from the foll. examples, ὡς δυνατόν ἐστι τάχιστα [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Leges|Lg.]]''710b, [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]'' 5.4.3; <b class="b3">ᾗ δυνατὸν τ.</b> Id.''HG''6.3.6; [[ὡς]] or <b class="b3">ᾗ ἠδύνατο τ.</b> Id.''Cyr.''3.2.14, ''An.''1.2.4; <b class="b3">ὡς δύναιτο τ.</b> [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.79; [[ὡς]] or <b class="b3">ᾗ ἂν δύνωμαι τ.</b> X.''HG''4.1.38, ''Cyr.''7.1.9, cf. ''IG''12.106.18.<br><span class="bld">b</span> [[τάχιστα]] after Particles of [[time]], [[as soon as]], [[ἐπεὶ]] (Ion. <b class="b3">ἐπεί τε</b>) τάχιστα [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[Prometheus Vinctus|Pr.]]''201, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.27,75, 7.163, X.''An.''7.2.6, ''PCair.Zen.''34.12 (iii B.C.); <b class="b3">ἐπειδὴ τ.</b> [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Protagoras|Prt.]]'' 310d, Is.9.3, D.27.16, etc.; <b class="b3">ἐπεὰν τ.</b> [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]4.134, 7.129, 8.144; <b class="b3">ἐπὰν τ.</b> X.''An.''4.6.9; <b class="b3">ἐπειδὰν τ.</b> Id.''Cyr.''1.3.14, ''An.''3.1.9; <b class="b3">ὅταν τ.</b> Id.''Cyr.''4.5.33: also <b class="b3">ὡς τ.</b> separated by one or more words, ὡς ἡμέρη τ. ἐγεγόνεε [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.11, cf. 19, 47,65, al., [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''1.3.2, ''Mem.''1.2.16, al.; ὡς δὲ τ. ἐξῆλθε.. κόρον ἔτεκε ''IG''42(1).121.4 (Epid., iv B.C.); ὡς γὰρ τ. εἰσῆλθον Men.''Pk.''287; ὡς ἂν τ. λάβῃς τὴν ἐπιστολήν ''PCair.Zen.''241.1 (iii B.C.); but <b class="b3">ὡς τ. γὰρ ἀπεδήμησας</b> ib.472.7 (iii B.C.); <b class="b3">ὅπως τ.</b> [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[Prometheus Vinctus|Pr.]]''230:—the same notion is sometimes expressed by the part., <b class="b3">ἀπαλλαγεὶς τάχιστα</b>, = [[ὡς ἀπηλλάγη τ]]., Plu.''Dem.''8, cf. 25.<br><span class="bld">3</span> freq. also in Prose, <b class="b3">τὴν ταχίστην</b> (in full, τὴν τ. ὁδόν X.''An.''1.2.20, Luc.''Rh.Pr.''4) as adverb, [[by the quickest way]], i.e. [[most quickly]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]] 1.24,73,81,86, Hyp.''Eux.''7, Men. ''Pk.''75, Plb.1.33.4, etc. (Cf. Lith. (dial.) [[deñgti]], Lett. [[diêgt]], both = 'run quickly', Polish [[dążyć]] 'hurry'.)