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τάφρος: Difference between revisions
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|Transliteration C=tafros | |Transliteration C=tafros | ||
|Beta Code=ta/fros | |Beta Code=ta/fros | ||
|Definition=ἡ, | |Definition=ἡ, [[ditch]], [[trench]], freq. in Il. (once in Od., 21.120); τάφρον ὀρύξομεν Il.7.341, cf. ''IG''12.94.21,34, Th.2.78, al.; <b class="b3">ἀμφὶ δὲ τάφρον ἤλασαν</b> drew a [[trench]], Il.7.449, cf. [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]4.3, Alcid.''Od.''5, etc.; <b class="b3">τάφρων ὕπερ</b> [[over the trenches]], [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''1279, cf. Aen.Tact.37.3, al., ''OGI''90.24 (Rosetta, ii B.C.); [[irrigation ditch]], PHal.1.97, al., ''PSI''6.597.5 (both iii B.C.): it is sometimes found as masc. in codd., e.g. Ph.''Bel.'' 99.43 (cod. V), [[Diodorus Siculus|D.S.]]22.10.5; but [[βαθύ]]ν is Ep. for βαθεῖαν in Call.''Del.'' 37: Dor. [[τράφος]] ''Tab.Heracl.''1.130, 2.51. | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{pape | {{pape | ||
|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-02-1075.png Seite 1075]] ἡ, der | |ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-02-1075.png Seite 1075]] ἡ, der [[Graben]], Hom. u. Folgde; τάφρον ὀρύσσειν, Il. 7, 341. 440; τάφρον ἤλασαν, 449. 9, 349; Soph. Ai. 1258; Eur. oft, auch τύμβου τάφρον ἐς κοίλην, Hec. 900; διαπηδᾶν τάφρον, Ar. Ach. 1141; u. in Prosa, Plat. ''Euthyphr.'' 4 c Critia. 118 c, u. Folgde überall; – Callim. soll das Wort auch als masc. gebraucht haben, wie es auch Alcidam. u. Apollod. 1, 8, 1 hat. – Es hängt mit [[θάπτω]], [[τάφος]], wie im Deutschen Grab u. Graben zusammen. | ||
}} | |||
{{bailly | |||
|btext=ου (ἡ) :<br />[[fosse]], [[fossé]].<br />'''Étymologie:''' [[θάπτω]]. | |||
}} | |||
{{elru | |||
|elrutext='''τάφρος:''' ἡ [[ров]] (τάφρον ὀρύσσειν Hom. etc.; τάφρον διαπηδᾶν Arph.). | |||
}} | |||
{{ls | |||
|lstext='''τάφρος''': ἡ, (ἴδε [[θάπτω]]), ὡς καὶ νῦν, χάνδαξ, [[ὄρυγμα]], κοινῶς «χανδάκι», συχν. παρ’ Ὁμήρ. ([[μάλιστα]] ἐν Ἰλ.)· τάφρον ὀρύσσειν Ἰλ. Η. 341, κτλ.· τ. ἐλαύνειν, ὀρύσσειν τάφρον εἰς [[μῆκος]], [[αὐτόθι]] 450· οὕτω παρ’ Ἡροδ. 4. 3, καὶ τοῖς Ἀττ.· τάφρων ὕπερ, [[ὑπεράνω]] τῶν τάφρων, Σοφ. Αἴ. 1279· - τινὲς ἐκ τῶν [[λίαν]] μεταγενεστέρων συγγραφέων ἔχουσι τὴν λέξιν ὡς ἀρσ. γένους καὶ [[οὕτως]] εὑρίσκεται ἔν τινι Ἀντιγράφῳ τοῦ Ἀλκιδάμ. 184. 28· ἀλλὰ παρὰ Καλλ. εἰς Δῆλ. 37, βαθύν ἥλαο τάφρον, τὸ βαθὺν κεῖται Ἐπικῶς ἀντὶ βαθεῖαν, ὡς γίνεται [[συχνάκις]] ἐπὶ τοιούτων λέξεων. Ὁ παρὰ τοῖς νεωτέροις Ἕλλησι [[τύπος]] [[τράφος]] ἀπαντᾷ ἐν τοῖς Ἡρακλεωτ. Πίναι (Συλλ. Ἐπιγρ. 5774. 130., 5775. 51). | |||
}} | |||
{{grml | |||
|mltxt=η, ΝΜΑ, και [[τράφος]], ὁ, Ν, και [[τράφος]], ἡ, ΜΑ<br />όρυγμα, [[χαντάκι]], το οποίο παλαιότερα περιέβαλλε για λόγους αμυντικούς τα [[κάστρα]] και τα οχυρά (α. «άνοιξαν [[γύρω]] [[γύρω]] μεγάλες τάφρους» β. «βαθεῖαν ὀρύξομεν [[ἐγγύθι]] τάφρον», <b>Ομ. Ιλ.</b>)<br /><b>νεοελλ.</b><br /><b>φρ.</b> α) «[[τεκτονική]] [[τάφρος]]»<br /><b>γεωλ.</b> <b>βλ.</b> [[τεκτονικός]]<br />β) «ωκεάνια [[τάφρος]]»<br />(γεωλ.-ωκεαν.) [[κάθε]] επίμηκες, στενό και με απότομες πλευρές, [[βύθισμα]] του ωκεάνιου βυθού, στο οποίο υπάρχουν τα μεγαλύτερα ωκεάνια [[βάθη]]<br /><b>αρχ.</b><br /><b>1.</b> αρδευτικό [[αυλάκι]]<br /><b>2.</b> <b>φρ.</b> «τάφρον [[ἐλαύνω]]» — [[σκάβω]] τάφρο [[κατά]] [[μήκος]] (<b>Ομ. Ιλ.</b>).<br />[<b><span style="color: brown;">ΕΤΥΜΟΛ.</span></b> Ο τ. [[τάφρος]] <span style="color: red;"><</span> θ. <i>ταφ</i>- του <i>θάπ</i>-<i>τω</i> <span style="color: red;">+</span> κατάλ. θηλ. -<i>ος</i> ([[πρβλ]]. [[νῆσος]]) και [[ένθημα]] -<i>ρ</i>-, που, [[κατά]] μία [[άποψη]], μπορεί να ανήκει στο θ. (<b>βλ.</b> και λ. [[θάπτω]]). Ο τ. [[τράφος]] (<i>ἡ</i>) <span style="color: red;"><</span> [[τάφρος]], με [[μετάθεση]] του -<i>ρ</i>-, ενώ ο νεοελλ. τ. [[τράφος]] (<i>ὁ</i>) <span style="color: red;"><</span> αρχ. [[τράφος]] (<i>ἡ</i>) με αναλογική [[αλλαγή]] γένους [[κατά]] τα σημασιολογικώς συγγενή [[λάκκος]], [[βόθρος]]. | |||
}} | |||
{{lsm | |||
|lsmtext='''τάφρος:''' ἡ ([[θάπτω]]), [[χαντάκι]], όρυγμα, σε Όμηρ. κ.λπ.· <i>τάφρον ὀρύσσειν</i>, σε Ομήρ. Ιλ. κ.λπ.· <i>τάφρον ἐλαύνειν</i>, [[ανοίγω]] [[χαράκωμα]], [[σκάβω]] τάφρο, στο ίδ. | |||
}} | |||
{{mdlsj | |||
|mdlsjtxt=[[τάφρος]], ἡ, [[θάπτω]]<br />a [[ditch]], [[trench]], Hom., etc.; τάφρον ὀρύσσειν Il., etc.; τ. ἐλαύνειν to [[draw]] a [[trench]], Il. | |||
}} | |||
{{mantoulidis | |||
|mantxt=ἡ (=[[χαντάκι]]). Ἀπό τό [[θάπτω]], ὅπου δές γιά περισσότερα παράγωγα. | |||
}} | |||
{{lxth | |||
|lthtxt=''[[fossa]]'', [[ditch]], [[trench]], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:2.78.1/ 2.78.1], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:3.22.1/ 3.22.1], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:3.23.2/ 3.23.2], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:Thuc.%203.23.3/ 3.23.3]. [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:3.4.1/ 3.4.1]. [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:3.5.1/ 3.5.1]. [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:3.24.1/ 3.24.1]. [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:Thuc.%203.24.2/ 3.24.2]. [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:4.67.3/ 4.67.3]. [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:4.69.2/ 4.69.2]. [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:4.90.2/ 4.90.2], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:6.101.2/ 6.101.2], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:Thuc.%206.101.3/ 6.101.3]. [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:Thuc.%206.101.3/ 6.101.3][https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:6.6.1/ 6.6.1]. | |||
}} | |||
{{trml | |||
|trtx====[[ditch]]=== | |||
Albanian: hendek; Arabic: خَنْدَق, أُخْدُود, قَنَال, قَنَاة; Egyptian Arabic: خندق; Aragonese: franxe; Armenian: փոս, խրամ; Aromanian: hãndac, fusati, avlachi; Assamese: গাঁত; Avar: хандакъ; Azerbaijani: xəndək; Belarusian: канава, роў, траншэя; Bulgarian: канавка, траншея, ров; Burmese: မြောင်း; Catalan: sèquia, rasa; Chinese Mandarin: 水溝, 水沟, 溝渠, 沟渠, 渠; Czech: příkop; Danish: grav, rende; Dutch: [[sloot]], [[greppel]]; Esperanto: fluejo; Estonian: kraav; Finnish: oja, kanava; French: [[fossé]], [[tranchée]], [[rigole]]; Friulian: fuesse; Galician: rego, suco, gabia; Georgian: თხრილი, გუბი; German: [[Graben]], [[Schanze]]; Greek: [[χαντάκι]], [[τάφρος]], [[αυλάκι]]; Ancient Greek: [[τάφρος]], [[τράφος]], [[ὄρυγμα]]; Gujarati: ખાડો; Hebrew: חֲפִיר, תְּעָלָה; Hindi: खाई, नाली, गड्ढा; Hungarian: árok, sáncárok; Icelandic: skurður, síki, díki, gröftur, gröf; Indonesian: parit; Italian: [[fossato]], [[trincea]], [[canale]], [[canalone]], [[canale di scarico]], [[affossamento]], [[fosso]]; Japanese: 側溝; Javanese: kalèn; Khmer: ប្រឡាយ; Kikuyu: mũkaro; Korean: 도랑; Kumyk: татавул, канав, ханав; Kurdish Central Kurdish: خەندەک, خەندەق; Northern Kurdish: co, cihok, xendek, xendeq; Lao: ຄູ, ຕະຄອງ; Latin: [[fossa]], [[canalis]], [[scrobis]], [[elix]]; Latvian: grāvis; Lithuanian: griovys; Luxembourgish: Gruef; Macedonian: ров, ендек; Maori: waikeri; Nepali: खाई; Norwegian Bokmål: grøft; Old Church Slavonic Cyrillic: ровъ; Old East Slavic: ровъ; Persian: گودال, فرگن; Plautdietsch: Growen; Polish: rów; Portuguese: [[fosso]], [[trincheira]], [[vala]]; Romanian: șanț; Russian: [[канава]], [[траншея]], [[ров]], [[кювет]]; Scots: sheuch; Scottish Gaelic: dìg, clais; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: ро̏в, јарак; Roman: rȍv, járak; Slovak: priekopa, jarok, kanál; Slovene: jarek, grapa; Southern Altai: ондук; Spanish: [[foso]], [[surco]], [[zanja]], [[trinchera]], [[acequia]], [[cuneta]]; Swahili: handaki; Swedish: dike; Tabasaran: хандакӏ; Tajik: хандақ; Telugu: అగడ్త; Thai: คู, คูน้ำ; Tibetan: ས་ཤུར; Turkish: hendek; Ukrainian: рів, канава, траншея; Uzbek: xandaq; Vietnamese: hào, rãnh, mương; Volapük: söp; Welsh: ffos; Zazaki: hendeg | |||
===[[trench]]=== | |||
Albanian: hendek; Arabic: خَنْدَق, أُخْدُود; Armenian: խրամատ; Basque: lubaki; Belarusian: траншэя, роў, канава, акоп; Bulgarian: изкоп, канавка; Catalan: trinxera; Chinese Mandarin: 壕溝, 壕沟, 戰壕, 战壕; Czech: příkop, výkop, zákop, rýha, brázda; Danish: grøft; Dutch: [[geul]], [[sloot]], [[greppel]]; Esperanto: fosaĵo; Finnish: oja; French: [[tranchée]], [[fossé]]; Galician: trincheira, gabia, foxo; Georgian: თხრილი, ტრანშეა; German: [[Graben]]; Greek: [[χαράκωμα]]; Ancient Greek: [[τάφρος]]; Hebrew: תְּעָלָה; Hindi: खाई; Hungarian: árok; Ido: trancheo; Indonesian: palung; Italian: [[fosso]], [[trincea]], [[fossato]]; Japanese: 塹壕, トレンチ, 溝; Khmer: ប្រឡាយ; Kikuyu: mũkaro; Korean: 참호(塹壕), 트렌치; Lao: ຄູ, ຮ່ອງ; Latin: [[fossa]], [[scrobis]]; Macedonian: ров; Malay: parit, jurang; Norman: tranchie; Norwegian Bokmål: grøft; Persian: ترانشه; Polish: okop, rów; Portuguese: [[fosso]]; Romanian: tranșee, fosă; Russian: [[траншея]], [[окоп]], [[ров]], [[канава]]; Scottish Gaelic: trainnse, clais; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: о̀пкоп, ро̏в, јарак; Roman: òpkop, rȍv, járak; Slovak: priekopa, výkop, zákop; Slovene: jarek, rov; Spanish: [[trinchera]]; Swahili: mtaro, handaki; Swedish: dike, fåra, ränna; Tagalog: trintsera; Tajik: хандақ; Telugu: కందకము; Thai: คู, ร่อง; Tibetan: ས་ཤུར; Turkish: hendek, siper; Ukrainian: траншея, окоп, окі́п, рів, канава; Vietnamese: hào; Welsh: ffos | |||
}} | }} | ||