υἱός: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ὁ (written [[ϝηιός]] in <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> Ἀρχ. Ἐφ. <span class="bibl">1931.103</span> (Nemea, vi B. C.)), declined regul. [[υἱοῦ]], [[υἱῷ]], [[υἱόν]], but in Att. Inscrr. only after <span class="bibl">350</span> B.C. (exc. υἱός <span class="title">IG</span>12.529,530, 598, 625; [[ὑός]] ib. 585, 828; [[ὑόν]]ib.70.8), and then always so: —in earlier Att. and other Inscrr. inflected as a ῠ-stem (like [[πῆχυς]]), nom. [[υἱύς]] (written [[huihus]]) Klein [[Vasen mit Meister-signaturen]] 72 (<span class="title">Brit.Mus.Cat.</span>701) (ὑύς <span class="title">IG</span>12.571, 670, 686; contr. [[ὕς]] ib.663); gen. [[υἱέος]] (ὑέος <span class="title">IG</span>22.4883); dat. [[υἱεῖ]]: dual υἱεῖ <span class="bibl">Lys.19.46</span>, written ηυιε in <span class="title">IG</span>12.775 (corrupted to [[υἱέε]] in <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>20a</span> cod. B), [[υἱέοιν]]: pl. [[υἱεῖς]] (ὑεῖς <span class="title">IG</span>12.115.14, al.), [[υἱέων]], [[υἱέσι]] (<span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>571</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar. <span class="title">Nu.</span>1001</span> (anap.)), <b class="b3">ὑέ[σιν</b>] (<span class="title">IG</span>12.54.14), [[υἱεῖς]] (ὑεῖς <span class="title">IG</span>22.1.73): but gen. [[υἱέως]], and acc. [[υἱέα]], [[υἱέας]], which are formed as though from nom. [[Υἱεύς]], are rejected by Phryn.48,49, Thom.Mag.p.367 R., as not Att., though the two latter forms are used by later writers (as υἱέα <span class="bibl">Euph. 5</span>, <span class="bibl">Arr.<span class="title">Cyn.</span>16</span>, ὑέα <span class="title">IG</span>42(1).244.4 (Epid., ii B. C.), but [[υἱέως]] is f. l. in <span class="bibl">Th.1.13</span>, <span class="bibl">J.<span class="title">AJ</span>18.2.4</span>, etc.): dat. pl. [[υἱεῦσιν]] is mentioned as a form that would be regular by <span class="bibl">Eust.1348.27</span>:—Homer uses nom. [[υἱός]] (very freq.); gen. [[υἱοῦ]] only in <span class="bibl">Od.22.238</span>, elsewhere <b class="b3">υἱέος;</b> dat. [[υἱέϊ]] or <b class="b3">υἱεῖ;</b> acc. υἱέα <span class="bibl">Il.13.350</span> (cf. <span class="title">IGRom.</span>4.360.29 (Pergam., hex.)), elsewhere [[υἱόν]] (very freq.): pl., nom. υἱέες <span class="bibl">Il.5.10</span>, al., or υἱεῖς <span class="bibl">Od.15.248</span>, <span class="bibl">24.387</span>,<span class="bibl">497</span>; gen. υἱῶν <span class="bibl">Il.21.587</span>, <span class="bibl">22.44</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.24.223</span>; dat. [[υἱοῖσι]] (ν) only <span class="bibl">Od.19.418</span>, [[υἱάσι]] (ν) <span class="bibl">Il.5.463</span>, al. (never [[υἱέσι]]); acc. [[υἱέας]] ib.<span class="bibl">149</span>, al.:— he also uses the shorter forms, gen. [[υἷος]], [[υἷι]], [[υἷα]], dual [[υἷε]] (distinguished from the voc. sg. [[υἱέ]] by the accent), pl. <b class="b3">υἷες, υἷας;</b> but these were confined to Ep.: their accentuation (in which codd. agree with Hdn.Gr.<span class="bibl">1.409</span>) may preserve a trace of their Aeolic origin (v. infr.). The declension <b class="b3">υἱῆος, υἱῆϊ, υἱῆα, υἱῆες, υἱήεσσι, υἱῆας</b> (like [[βασιλῆος]], etc., as though from [[υἱεύς]]), belongs solely to later Ep. poets, as <span class="bibl">A.R.2.1093</span>,<span class="bibl">1119</span>, Nic.<span class="title">Fr.</span>110, <span class="title">AP</span>9.23 (Antip.), etc. Dialect Inscrr. have the foll. archaic forms, nom. υἱύς <span class="title">IG</span>5 (1).720 (Lacon.), <span class="title">Leg.Gort.</span>12.17 (υιυις lapis); acc. υἱύν <span class="title">Inscr.Olymp.</span>30, <span class="title">Leg.Gort.</span>10.15; gen. [[υἱέος]] ib.6.3, <span class="title">Schwyzer</span> 105 (Methana, vi B. C.); but υἱοῦ <span class="title">IG</span>9(1).867 (Corc., vii B. C.); nom. pl. υἱέες <span class="title">Leg.Gort.</span>7.25; acc. pl. [[υἱύνς]] ib. 4.40, <span class="title">IG</span>12.407 (Cret. or Argive); dat. pl. υἱάσι <span class="title">Leg.Gort.</span>4.37 (as in Hom., influenced by [[θυγατράσι]], [[πατράσι]], which have ρα = [[ṛ]], cf. Skt. [[pitṛṣu]]); ὑέεσσι <span class="title">IG</span>14.10 (Syrac.); [[υἷος]] in <span class="title">SIG</span>55 (Thessaly, v B. C.) is perhaps the Aeol. gen. ([[ὑός]] is nom. rather than gen. in <span class="title">IG</span>12.828); acc. ὗα <span class="title">Schwyzer</span> 625 (Mytil., ii/i B. C.); a nom. [[ὑϊς]] (scanned - ) <span class="title">IG</span>12.472 (Boeotia, vi B. C.), cf. <span class="bibl">Simon.249</span> (v. infr.); nom. pl. ὗες <span class="title">IG</span>22.3632.24 (hex., Eleusis, ii A. D.). The initial [[syllable]] is both [[υἱ]]-and [[ὑ]]-in Att. Inscrr. down to 400 B.C. (e. g. ὑεῖς <span class="title">IG</span>12.115.14, <b class="b3">ὑέ[σιν]</b> ib.54.14, [[ὑόν]] v. supr.), afterwards <b class="b3">ὑ-</b>, but [[υἱός]] reappears under the Empire; in Plato cod. A usually has [[ὑιος]], which is found also in T, cod. B always has [[υἱός]], editors restore <b class="b3">ὑός;</b> acc. [[υἱόν]] is recommended by Phryn. l. c.; in Inscrr. of Pergamon, Magnesia, and Delphi, and in non-literary Papyri, [[ὑός]] is at all times less common than [[υἱός]]:—<b class="b3">ὁ υεἱός</b> <span class="title">CIG</span> (add.) 3857p; dat. [[υεἱῷ]] ib.3846z82 (both Phrygia), cf. <span class="title">BCH</span>11.471:—[[son]], <span class="bibl">Il.6.366</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">υἱὸν ποιεῖσθαί τινα</b> to adopt as [[a son]], <span class="bibl">Aeschin.2.28</span>; <b class="b3">υἱεῖς ἄνδρες</b> grown-up [[sons]], <span class="bibl">D. 25.88</span>: metaph., <b class="b3">Κόρον Ὕβριος υἱόν</b> Orac. ap. <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.77</span>: rarely of animals, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Matt.</span>21.5</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[periphrasis]], <b class="b3">υἷες Ἀχαιῶν</b>, for [[Ἀχαιοί]], <span class="bibl">Il. 1.162</span>, al.; cf. [[παῖς]] <span class="bibl">1.3</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> generally, [[child]], and so <b class="b3">υἱ. ἄρρην</b> male [[child]], Apoc.12.5, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PSI</span>9.1039.36</span> (iii A. D.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> freq. in [[LXX]] in periphrases (Hebraisms with various meanings), υἱὸς ἐτῶν ἑκατόν 100 [[years old]], [[Ge]].11.10, al.; υἱοὶ ἀδικίας <span class="bibl"><span class="title">2 Ki.</span>7.10</span>; υἱοὶ θανατώσεως <span class="bibl"><span class="title">1 Ki.</span> 26.16</span>; υἱοὶ τῶν συμμίζεων [[hostages]], <span class="bibl"><span class="title">4 Ki.</span>14.14</span>; so υἱὸς εἰρήνης <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Luc.</span>10.6</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> in some dialects, including the Ion. Prose of Hdt., [[υἱός]] is replaced by [[παῖς]]: [[υἱός]] is rare in Trag., <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>609</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Fr.</span> 320</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>1689</span> (anap.), al., and <span class="bibl">7</span> times in S.: Hom. has both words in this sense. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">6</span> as a general term of affection, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PGiss.</span>68.2</span> (ii A. D.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>1219.2</span> (iii A. D.); [[υἱέ]], an author's address to the reader, <span class="bibl">[[LXX]] <span class="title">Pr.</span>1.8</span>, al. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">7</span> <b class="b3">δάμου υἱός, υἱὸς πόλεως, Ἑλλάδος</b>, as titles of honour, <span class="title">SIG</span>804.10 (Cos, i A. D.), 813<b class="b2">A,B</b> (Delph., i A. D.), 854 (Eleusis, i A. D.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">8</span> <b class="b3">υἱοὶ ἀνθρώπων</b> [[sons]] of men, [[periphrasis]] for [[men]] (cf. supr. 2,4), <span class="bibl">[[LXX]]<span class="title">Ps.</span>89(90).3</span>; <b class="b3">οἱ υἱοὶ τῶν ἀ</b>. ib.<span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ge.</span>11.5</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Marc.</span>3.28</span>; υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου [[man]], <span class="bibl">[[LXX]]<span class="title">Ez.</span>2.1</span>,<span class="bibl">3</span>, al.; of the Messiah, ib.<span class="bibl"><span class="title">Da.</span>7.13</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Apoc.</span>14.14</span>; used by Jesus of himself, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Matt.</span>8.20</span>, al. (by Stephen recalling the words of Jesus, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Act.Ap.</span>7.56</span>). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">9</span> <b class="b3">υἱοὶ Θεοῦ</b> [[sons]] of God, implying [[inheritors of the nature]] of God (cf. supr. <span class="bibl">4</span>), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Matt.</span>5.9</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">45</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Luc.</span>6.35</span>; implying [[participants in the glory]] of God, ib.<span class="bibl">20.36</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> of Jesus, <b class="b3">τὸ γεννώμενον κληθήσεται υἱὸς Θεοῦ</b> ib. <span class="bibl">1.35</span>; <b class="b3">ὁ Χριστός, ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ</b>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Matt.</span>26.63</span>, cf.<span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Jo.</span>1.34</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">c</span> <b class="b3">Θεοῦ υἱός</b>, = Lat. <span class="title">Divi</span> (sc. <span class="title">Caesaris</span>) [[filius]], patronymic of Augustus, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">BGU</span>543.3</span> (<span class="bibl">27</span> B.C.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PTeb.</span>382.21</span> (i B. C.), <span class="title">IG</span>12(3).174.2 (Epist. ad Cnidios, 5 A. D.). [Hom.sts. has the first [[syllable]] short in nom., voc. and acc. sg., οὐδὲ Δρύαντος υἱός <span class="bibl">Il.6.130</span>; Ἀμφιτρύωνος υἱός <span class="bibl">Od.11.270</span>; Ποδῆς υἱὸς Ἠετίωνος <span class="bibl">Il.17.575</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">590</span>; Ἀνθεμίωνος υἱόν <span class="bibl">4.473</span>; Σελάγου υἱόν <span class="bibl">5.612</span>; Ἕκτορ, υἱὲ Πριάμοιο <span class="bibl">7.47</span>; and <b class="b3">Πηλῆος υἱός, Μηκιστῆος υἱός</b> seem to be the better readings in <span class="bibl">1.489</span>, <span class="bibl">2.566</span>: in these places some other form ought perhaps to be restored, but none of the known forms has a short ῠ: [[ὑός]] has ῡ in <span class="title">IG</span>12.585 (vi B. C.), 828 (v B. C.), 2.2338, 22.4319 (both iv B. C.); Simon.l.c. seems to have used a monosyll. nom. [[υἷς]], and Hdn.Gr. may have read it as [[ὕις]] (), but this is uncertain, as in Sch.<span class="bibl">Il.5.266</span> he seems to say that [[ὕις]] ([[υἷις]] cod.) does not occur.] (Prob. from <b class="b2">*sū-yú-s</b>, cf. Skt. [[sūte]] 'procreate', Tocharian (A-dial.) [[se]], (B-dial.) [[soyä]] 'son'; different suffix in <b class="b2">*sū-nu-s</b>, Skt. [[sūnūs]], etc., and in <b class="b2">*sǔ-nu-s</b>, OE. [[sunu]], etc. (all = [[son]]); <b class="b2">*sūyú-</b> perhaps became <b class="b2">*sǔwyú-</b>, then <b class="b2">*suiwú-;</b> [[υἱός]] and [[υἱόν]] perhaps by dissimilation from <b class="b3">υἱύς υἱύν</b>, since the o-stem forms appear first where υ-υ would otherwise be repeated; [[ὗϊς]] (ὑΐς) may be another dissimilation; the precise origin of <b class="b3">υἷος υἷι υἷες</b> etc. is uncertain.)</span>

|btext=οῦ (ὁ) :<br />la décl. est régulière : [[υἱός]], υἱοῦ, <i>etc.</i><br />cependant les Att. déclinent comme suit, d'un th. υἱε- : gén. υἱέος, dat. υἱεῖ ; plur. υἱεῖς, υἱέων, υἱέσι, υἱεῖς ; duel υἱέε, υἱέοιν;<br />la déclin. homér. procède de trois thèmes :<br /><b>1</b> du th. υἱο- : [[υἱός]], υἱοῦ, <i>etc.</i><br /><b>2</b> du th. υἱε- : dat. υἱέϊ et υἱεῖ, acc. υἱέα, pl. nom. υἱέες et υἱεῖς, acc. υἱέας;<br /><b>3</b> d'un th. υἱ- : gén. [[υἷος]], dat. [[υἷϊ]], acc. [[υἷα]] ; pl. nom. υἷες, dat. [[υἱάσι]], acc. υἷας ; duel υἷε;<br />fils ; <i>au plur. avec un gén. pour désigner une classe d'hommes</i> υἷες Ἀχαιῶν IL les fils des Achéens, les Grecs ; υἱεῖς ἰατρῶν <i>ou</i> ῥητόρων ATT les fils des médecins <i>ou</i> des orateurs, <i>càd</i> les médecins, les orateurs ; [[υἱός]] <i>est souv. s.-e. dans les désignations de parenté</i> : ὁ [[τοῦ]] Ὀλόρου le fils d'Oloros, <i>càd</i> Thucydide.<br />'''Étymologie:''' R. Συ &gt; Ὑ, mouiller, d'où engendrer ; cf. [[ὕω]].

|auten=gen. υἱοῦ, [[υἷος]], υἱέος, dat. υἱῷ, υἷι, υἱέι, acc. [[υἱόν]], [[υἷα]], υἱέα, du. υἷε, pl. υἷες, υἱέες, dat. υἱοῖσι, [[υἱάσι]], acc. υἷας, υἱέας, υἱεῖς: [[son]]; freq. υἷες Ἀχαιῶν [[for]] [[Ἀχαιοί]]. The diphthong is [[sometimes]] shortened in [[υἱός]], [[υἱόν]], υἱέ, Od. 11.270,, Il. 4.473.

|sltr=[[υἱός]] ([[υἱός]], -οῦ, -ῷ, -όν, -έ: υἱοί, υἱέες, υἱῶν, υἱέων, ὑέων coni., υἱοῖς（ι), υἱούς, υἱοί.) <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>a</b> [[son]] υἱὲ Ταντάλου ([[Pelops]]) (O. 1.36) προῆκαν υἱὸν ἀθάνατοί οἱ [[πάλιν]] (O. 1.65) [[τέκε]] [[λαγέτας]] ἓξ ἀρεταῖσι μεμαότας υἱούς (sons of [[Pelops]]) (O. 1.89) ἔκτεινε Λᾷον [[μόριμος]] [[υἱός]] (Oidipous) (O. 2.38) υἱῶν, Ψαῦμι, παρισταμένων (O. 5.23) Σωστράτου [[υἱός]] (Hagesias) (O. 6.9) εὐφράνθη τε ἰδὼν [[ἥρως]] θετὸν υἱὸν (Opous) (O. 9.62) υἱὸν δ' Ἄκτορος ἐξόχως τίμασεν (Menoitios) (O. 9.69) Διὸς [[ἄλκιμος]] [[υἱός]] (Herakles) (O. 10.45) υἱὲ Φιλάνορος (Ergoteles) (O. 12.13) [[τᾶς]] ὀφιώδεος [[υἱόν]] ποτε Γοργόνος Πάγασον (O. 13.63) ὄφρ' υἱὸν [[εἴπῃς]] [[ὅτι]] οἱ νέαν ἐστεφάνωσε κυδίμων ἀέθλων πτεροῖσι χαίταν (Asopichos) (O. 14.22) Ποιάντος υἱὸν τοξόταν (Philoktetes) (P. 1.53) ἁγητὴρ [[ἀνήρ]], υἱῷ τ' ἐπιτελλόμενος (Deinomenes) (P. 1.70) “Εὔφαμος υἱὸς ἱππάρχου Ποσειδάωνος [[ἄναξ]]” (P. 4.45) ὦ [[μάκαρ]] υἱὲ Πολυμνάστου (Battos) (P. 4.59) Κρονίδαο Ζηνὸς υἱοὶ [[τρεῖς]] (Herakles, Kastor, Polydeukes) (P. 4.171) διδύμους υἱούς ([[Echion]], Erytos) (P. 4.178) Ἀελίου θαυμαστὸς υἱὸς (Aietes) (P. 4.241) Φιλύρας υἱὸν ([[Cheiron]]) (P. 6.22) λτ;γτ;ενάρκειον [[ἔδεκτο]] Κίρραθεν ἐστεφανωμένον υἱὸν (Aristomenes) (P. 8.20) “θανόντος ὀστέα λέξαις υἱοῦ” (Aigialeus) (P. 8.53) Καρνειάδα υἱὸς (Telesikrates) (P. 9.72) [[τέκε]] Ἀλκμήνα διδύμων κρατησίμαχον [[σθένος]] υἱῶν (Iphikles, Herakles) (P. 9.86) ἄφωνοί θ' ὡς ἕκασται φίλτατον παρθενικαὶ πόσιν ἢ υἱὸν εὔχοντ, ὦ Τελεσίκρατες, [[ἔμμεν]] (P. 9.100) καὶ ζώων [[ἔτι]] νεαρὸν κατ' αἶσαν υἱὸν ἴδῃ τυχόντα στεφάνων Πυθίων (Hippokleas) (P. 10.26) Κάστορος βίαν, σέ τε, [[ἄναξ]] Πολύδευκες, υἱοὶ [[θεῶν]] (P. 11.62) υἱὸς Δανάας ([[Perseus]]) (P. 12.17) εἶδε γὰρ ἐκνόμιον λῆμά τε καὶ δύναμιν υἱοῦ (Herakles) (N. 1.58) [[[θαμά]] κε [[τῷδε]] [[μέλει]] κλιθείς, υἱὸν κελάδησε καλλίνικον (Bergk: ὕμνον codd.) (N. 4.16) ] Λάμπωνος υἱὸς Πυθέας εὐρυσθενὴς (N. 5.4) Ἐνδαίδος ἀριγνῶτες υἱοὶ ([[Peleus]], [[Telamon]]) (N. 5.12) ὃς [[ὑπέρτατος]] Ἁγησιμάχοἰ ὑέων γένετο (W. Schulze: υἱῶν codd.: Sokleidas) (N. 6.22) φαεννᾶς υἱὸν Ἀόος (Memmon) (N. 6.52) ἔβλαστεν δ' υἱὸς Οἰνώνας βασιλεὺς (Aiakos) (N. 8.7) Τελαμῶνος [[υἱόν]] (Aias) (N. 8.23) “[[ἐσσί]] μοι [[υἱός]]” ([[Zeus]] speaks to Polydeukes) (N. 10.80) [[ἄμμι]] δ' ἔοικε Κρόνου σεισίχθον υἱὸν κελαδῆσαι (I. 1.52) ἦλθ' ἀνὴρ τὰν πυροφόρον Λιβύαν υἱὸς Ἀλκμήνας (Herakles) (I. 4.55) ὀκτὼ θανόντων, τοὺς Μεγάρα [[τέκε]] οἱ Κρεοντὶς υἱούς (I. 4.64) σὺν Χάρισιν δ' [[ἔμολον]] Λάμπωνος υἱοῖς τάνδ ἐς εὔνομον πόλιν (Pytheas, Phylakidas) (I. 5.21) υἱοῖσί τε φράζων παραινεῖ (I. 6.68) ([[Αἰακός]]) [[τοῦ]] μὲν ἀντίθεοι ἀρίστευον υἱέες υἱέων τ ἀρηίφιλοι παῖδες ἀνορέᾳ (I. 8.25) “υἱὸν εἰσιδέτω θανόντ' ἐν πολέμῳ” ([[Achilles]]) (I. 8.36) Πασιφάας λτ;σὺνγτ; υἱ[οῖ]σι (G-H: υἱ[ες]σι（ν) alii metr. gr.) Πα. . 3. Αἰολάδα σταθμὸν υἱοῦ τε Παγώνδα ὑμνήσω Παρθ. 2. 1. υἱὸν Ἁγησίλα (Theoxenos) fr. 123. 15. υἱὸν Οἰάγρου δὲ Ὀρφέα Θρ. 3. 11. Ἐνυαλίου ἔκπαγλον υἱὸν (Diomedes) fr. 169. 13. Σθενέλοιό μιν υἱὸς ([[Eurystheus]]) fr. 169. 45. Ἀλκμήνας σὺν υἱῷ fr. 172. 3. φὰν δ' [[ἔμμεναι]] Ζηνὸς υἱοὶ καὶ κλυτοπώλου Ποσειδάωνος (Peirithoos, [[Theseus]]) fr. 243. Ἀλέρας [[υἱόν]] Tityos fr. 294. [[father]] [[not]] indicated, λόγου φέρεις, τὸν ὅνπερ ποτ' Οἰκλέος [[παῖς]] ἐν ἑπταπύλοις ἰδὼν υἱοὺς Θήβαις αἰνίξατο παρμένοντας αἰχμᾷ (i. e. the [[Epigoni]], including Amphiareus' [[own]] [[son]] Alkmaion) (P. 8.40) ] υἱὸν [[ἔτι]] τέξει (Pae. 10.21) ]εοσυιοντα[ P. Oxy. 2442, fr. 35. ]Διὸς [[υἱόν]] P. Oxy. 2622, fr. 1. 15, ad ?fr. 346.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> [[descendant]] σφὸν ὄλβον υἱῷ τε κοινὰν [[χάριν]] ἔνδικόν τ' Ἀρκεσίλᾳ (P. 5.102) <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>c</b> met. αἰνήσαις ἓ καὶ [[υἱόν]] (αὐτὴν τὴν Ὀποῦντα καὶ τὸν υἱὸν δὲ αὐτῆς τὸν Ἐφάρμοστον Σ.) (O. 9.14)

|astxt=[[υἱός]], -οῦ, ὁ, [in [[LXX]] [[very]] freq. and [[nearly]] [[always]] for בֵּן, Ge 4:17, al.; for בַּר, Da [[LXX]] TH 7:13, al.; etc.;], <br />a [[son]];<br /><b class="num">1.</b>in the [[ordinary]] [[sense]]: Mt 10:37, Mk 9:17, Lk 1:13, al. mult.; omitted [[with]] the [[art]]. of [[origin]] (WM, §30, 3; Bl., §35, 2), τὸν [[τοῦ]] Ἰεσσαί, Ac 13:22 (LXX); [[also]] c. gen. anarth. (cl.), Σώπατρος Πύρρου [[Βεροιαῖος]], Ac 20:4; c. adj., προτότοκος, Lk 2:7; μονογένης, Lk 7:12; opp. to [[νόθος]], He 12:8; in a wider [[sense]], of [[posterity]]: ὁ υἱ. Δαυΐδ, of the Messiah (cf. Dalman, Words, 316ff.; DCG, ii, 653f.), Mt 22:42, 45 Mk 12:35, 37 Lk 20:41, 44 al.; υἱοὶἸσραήλ, (cf. [[υἷες]] Ἀχαιῶν, Hom., Il., i, 162, al.), Mt 27:9, Ac 9:15, al. <br /><b class="num">2.</b>Metaph.;<br /><b class="num">(a)</b>as belonging to, [[being]] [[connected]] [[with]] or having the [[quality]] of [[that]] [[which]] follows (a [[usage]] [[mainly]] [[due]] to translation [[from]] a Semitic [[original]]; cf. Deiss., BS, 161ff.; Dalman, Words, 115f.; DCG, ii, 652f.): τ. πονεροῦ (διαβόλου), Mt 13:38, Ac 13:10; τ. νυμφῶνος ([[vide supra|v.s.]] [[νυμφών]]), Mt 9:15, Mk 2:19, al.; τ. [[φωτός]] (Lft., Notes, 74), Lk 16:8, Jo 12:36, I Th 5:5; τ. εἰρεήμης, Lk 10:6; γεέννης, Mt 23:15; τ. ἀπωλείας, Jo 17:12, II Th 2:3; τ. αἰῶνος [[τούτου]], Lk 16:8 20:34; τ. ἀπειθειάς, Eph 2:2 5:6; βροντῆς, Mk 3:17; τ. ἀναστάσεως, Lk 20:36; παρακλήσεως, Ac 4:36; τ. προφητῶν κ. τ. διαθήκης, Ac 3:25; <br /><b class="num">(b)</b>υἱὸς τ. θεοῦ (cf. Dalman, Words, 268ff.; Deiss., BS, 166f.; DB, iv, 570 ff.; DCG, ii, 654ff.), of men, as partakers of the Divine [[nature]] and of the [[life]] to [[come]]: Mt 5:9, Lk 20:36, Ro 8:14 9:26, al.; υἱοὶ (κ. θυγατέρες) τ. ὑψίστου, Lk 6:35, II Co 6:18; in an [[unique]] [[sense]] of Jesus, Mt 4:3 8:29 28:19, Mk 3:4, Lk 4:41, Jo 9:35 11:27, al.; ὁ Χριστὸς ὁ υἱ. τ. θεοῦ ζῶντος (τ. εὐλογητοῦ), Mt 16:16, Mk 14:61; <br /><b class="num">(c)</b>(ὁ) υἱὸς [[τοῦ]] ἀνθρώπου (in [[LXX]] for Heb. בּן אדם, Aram, בּר אנשׁ; cf. Dalman, Words, 234ff.; DB, iv, 579ff.; DCG, ii, 659ff.; Westc., St. John, i, 74ff.; [[other]] reff. in Swete, Mk, 2:10), based on the Aram. of Da 7:13, [[where]] the [[phrase]], [[like]] the [[corresponding]] Heb. (as in Ps 8:5), [[means]] a [[man]], [[one]] of the [[species]], and indicates the [[human]] [[appearance]] of the [[person]] in [[question]]. It is used of the Messiah in Enoch, c. 46, §1-4, [[also]] in II Es 13:3, 12, al. Our Lord [[first]] makes the [[phrase]] a [[title]], using the def. [[art]]. It seems to [[combine]] the ideas of his true [[humanity]] and [[representative]] [[character]]. Exc. in Ac 7:56 and (anarth.) Re 1:13 14:14, it is used of Jesus [[only]] by [[himself]]: Mt 8:20, Mk 2:10, Lk 5:24, Jo 1:52, al.

|txtha=([[υἱός]] [[τοῦ]] ἀνθρώπου) ([[υἱός]] [[τοῦ]] Θεοῦ) [[son]] of God;<br /><b class="num">1.</b> in a [[physical]] [[sense]], in [[various]] applications: originating by [[direct]] [[creation]], [[not]] begotten by [[man]] — as the [[first]] [[man]] Adam, אֱלֹהִים בְּנֵי in the Sept. of ἄγγελοι Θεοῦ); in the [[highest]] [[sense]] Jesus Christ is called ὁ [[υἱός]] [[τοῦ]] Θεοῦ as of a [[nature]] [[superhuman]] and closest to God: Hebrews, B. D. [[under]] the [[word]] Smith's Bible Dictionary, Son of God, and references in American edition)<br /><b class="num">3.</b> in a theocratic [[sense]]: of kings and magistrates, as vicegerents of God the [[supreme]] [[ruler]], υἱοί ὑψιτου, [[πρωτότοκος]] ([[namely]], [[τοῦ]] Θεοῦ), of the [[king]] of Israel, ὁ [[υἱός]] [[τοῦ]] Θεοῦ [[pre-eminently]], as the [[supreme]] [[representative]] of God, and equipped for his Office [[with]] the fullness of the [[Holy Spirit]], i. e. endued [[with]] [[divine]] [[power]] [[beyond]] [[any]] of the sons of men, Enoch 105,2. In the N. T. it is used of Jesus — in the utterances of the [[devil]], [[υἱός]] [[τοῦ]] ὑψίστου, ὁ [[υἱός]] [[τοῦ]] Θεοῦ (ὁ) [[βασιλεύς]] [[τοῦ]] [[Ἰσραήλ]], ὁ [[Χριστός]] ὁ [[υἱός]] [[τοῦ]] Θεοῦ, [[Ἰησοῦς]] [[Χριστός]] [[υἱός]] [[τοῦ]] (L Tr WH [[margin]] [[omit]] [[τοῦ]]) Θεοῦ T WH [[text]] [[omit]] ([[see]] WH's Appendix, p. 23)); ὁ [[Χριστός]] ὁ [[υἱός]] [[τοῦ]] εὐλογητοῦ, ὁ [[Χριστός]] ὁ [[υἱός]] [[τοῦ]] Θεοῦ ζῶντος, in ὁ [[υἱός]] μου ὁ [[ἀγαπητός]], R G L [[text]]); those whom God esteems as sons, whom he loves, protects and benefits [[above]] others: so of the Jews, υἱοί καί θυγατέρες [[τοῦ]] Θεοῦ, [[πρωτότοκος]] [[τοῦ]] Θεοῦ, those whose [[character]] God, as a [[loving]] [[father]], shapes by [[chastisement]], those [[who]] [[revere]] God as [[their]] [[father]], the [[pious]] worshippers of God, [[παῖς]] κυρίου),18; those [[who]] in [[character]] and [[life]] [[resemble]] God (υἱοί ὑπιστου; (cf. [[Epictetus]] dissert. 1,9, 6)): υἱοί ὑψίστου, υἱοί καί θυγατέρες, [[spoken]] of Christians, those [[who]] are governed by the Spirit of God, ὅσοι πνεύματι Θεοῦ ἄγονται, [[οὗτοι]] υἱοί [[εἰσί]] [[τοῦ]] Θεοῦ), [[repose]] the [[same]] [[calm]] and [[joyful]] [[trust]] in God [[which]] children do in [[their]] parents, [[ἀποκάλυψις]] [[τόν]] υἱῶν [[τοῦ]] Θεοῦ), cf. [[τέκνον]], b. γ (and references)), preeminently of "Jesus, as enjoying the [[supreme]] [[love]] of God, united to him in [[affectionate]] [[intimacy]], [[privy]] to his [[saving]] counsels, [[obedient]] to the Father's [[will]] in [[all]] his acts": ὁ [[υἱός]] τῆς ἀγάπης [[αὐτοῦ]] (i. e. God's), ὁ [[Χριστός]] ὁ [[υἱός]] [[τοῦ]] Θεοῦ ὁ [[μονογενής]] [[υἱός]], Tr WH [[μονογενής]] Θεός, L marginal [[reading]] ὁ μονογονης Θεοῦ ([[see]] [[μονογενής]] and references)); ὁ [[υἱός]] [[τοῦ]] Θεοῦ ὁ μονογονης, [[μονογενής]]). It [[can]] [[hardly]] be doubted [[that]] a [[reverent]] [[regard]] for the [[transcendent]] [[difference]] [[which]] separates Christ from [[all]] those [[who]] by his [[grace]] are [[exalted]] to the [[dignity]] of sons of God led John [[always]] to [[call]] Christians τέκνα [[τοῦ]] Θεοῦ, [[not]] as Paul does υἱοί and τέκνα [[τοῦ]] Θεοῦ [[indiscriminately]]; the [[like]] [[reverence]] moved Luther to [[translate]] the plural υἱοί [[τοῦ]] Θεοῦ [[everywhere]] by Kinder Gottes; (cf., [[however]], [[τέκνον]], b. γ. and references). This [[appellation]] is [[not]] [[found]] in 2 Thessalonians, Philippians, Philemon, the Pastoral Epistles, [[nor]] in 1Peter or in the Epistle of James.

|lsmtext='''υἱός:''' ὁ, κλίνεται ομαλά <i>υἱοῦ</i>, <i>υἱῷ</i>, [[υἱόν]]· επίσης κατά την γʹ [[κλίση]] όπως αν υπήρχε ονομ. *[[υἱεύς]], γεν. <i>υἱέος</i>, δοτ. <i>υἱεῖ</i>, Επικ. <i>υἱέϊ</i>, αιτ. <i>υἱέα</i>· δυϊκ. <i>υἱέε</i>, <i>υἱέοιν</i>· πληθ. <i>υἱεῖς</i>, Επικ. <i>υἱέες</i>, <i>υἱέσι</i>, <i>υἱεῖς</i>, Επικ. <i>υἱέας</i>· στον Όμηρ. επίσης (όπως αν προερχόταν από ονομ. *υἷς), γεν. [[υἷος]], δοτ. <i>υἷι</i>, αιτ. [[υἷα]], δυϊκ. <i>υἷε</i> (που διακρίνεται από την κλητ. ενικ. <i>υἱὲ</i> από τον τόνο), πληθ. <i>υἷες</i>, [[υἱάσι]], <i>υἷας</i>· σε μεταγεν. Επικ. έχουμε γεν. <i>υἱῆος</i>, <i>υἱῆι</i> κ.λπ.·<br /><b class="num">1.</b> [[γιος]], Λατ. [[filius]], σε Όμηρ. κ.λπ.· <i>υἱὸν ποιεῖσθαί τινα</i>, [[υιοθεσία]] γιου (τέκνου), σε Αισχίν.· υἱεῖς [[ἄνδρες]], ενήλικοι, ώριμοι, μεγάλοι γιοι, σε Δημ.· σπανιότερα λέγεται για ζώα, σε Καινή Διαθήκη<br /><b class="num">2.</b> σε περιφράσεις, <i>υἷες Ἀχαιῶν</i>, αντί <i>Ἀχαιοί</i>, σε Ομήρ. Ιλ.· πρβλ. [[παῖς]]. (Ο Όμηρ. μερικές φορές παραδίδει την πρώτη [[συλλαβή]] βραχεία, όπως αν υπήρχε [[ὑός]]).

|ftr='''υἱός''': (seit Il.),<br />{huiós}<br />'''Forms''': auch [[ὑός]] (att.); älter υἱύς (lak., gort. usw., altatt. auch ὑύς, ὕς; mykr ''i''-''ju'' ?); obl. Formen: Gen. υἱοῦ (kork. VI^a [Epigr.], χ 238 usw.), υἱέος (seit Il.), υἱῆος (hell. u. sp. Epik), [[υἷος]] (Ho.m., thess.), Akk. ὑ(ι)όν, υἱύν, υἱέα, [[υἷα]], Nom. pl. ὑ(ι)οί, υἱέες, υἱεῖς, υἱῆες, υἷες usw.; Einzelheiten zur Flexion bei Schwyzer 574 f., dazu Ruijgh Études sur la gramm. 361 f.; für Homer auch Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 227 f.; zur Erklärung auch unten. Zur Behandlung des intervok. ι Schwyzer 199 f.<br />'''Grammar''': m.<br />'''Meaning''': [[Sohn]]<br />'''Composita''': Ganz vereinzelt als Vorderglied, z.B. [[υἱοθεσία]] f. [[Adoption]] (hell. u. sp.); Univerbierung von υἱὸν [[θέσθαι]].<br />'''Derivative''': Ableitungen: 1. Movierte Fem. υιη f. [[Tochter]] (''Sammelb''. I^p), auch υα (Mytilene I^p[?]); vgl. Klaffenbach KZ 65, 258ff. 2. Demin. [[ὑΐδιον]] n. (Ar.), [[υἱάφιον]] n. (Gloss.). 3. Denomin. [[υἱόω]], -όομαι [[als Sohn adoptieren]] mit -ωσις f. [[Adoption]] (sp.). 4. Bezeichnungen für [[Enkel]]: a. [[υἱωνός]] (Hom., Theok., Plu., sp. Inschr. u. Pap.), Bildung wie [[κοινωνός]] u.a.; s. Schmeja IF 68, 26 f., der die Zurückführung auf einen Langdiphthong υἱω[υ]- (z.B. Schwyzer 480) mit Recht ablehnt. Plur. υἱωνεῖς· υἱῶν υἱέες H. nach υἱεῖς (Bosshardt 78). Fem. [[υἱωνή]] [[Enkelin]] (J., Gramm.). b. ὑ(ι)ιδοῦς (Pl., X., D., Arist. u.a.), ὑ(ι)ιδεύς (Isok., H.); Bildung wie [[ἀδελφιδοῦς]] u.a. (Schwyzer 510 m. Lit., Bosshardt 149). Fem. [[ὑϊδῆ]] (Pap.I^a, Poll., H.).<br />'''Etymology''': Der ο-Stamm in [[υἱός]] ist gegenüber dem υ-Stamm in υἱύς sekundär und wahrscheinlich schon früh daraus durch Dissimilation entstanden. Bei der Flexion von υἱύς erscheinen in den sog. starken Kasus neben den erwarteten hochstufigen Formen υἱέος (wie ἡδέος, πήχεος), υἱέι und υἱεῖ, υἱέες und υἱεῖς, Du. υἱέε, υἱεῖ (aus *''sui̯eu̯''-; vgl. unten) auch die tiefstufigen [[υἷος]], υἷι (äol. Barytonese?), υἷές, υἷε (aus *''sui̯u̯''- neben *''sui̯u- ''in υἱύς). Beide Reihen können alt sein; die durchgehende Tiefstufe ist indessen mit Ausnahme von thess. Gen. ''hvios'' auf das Epos beschränkt. Die Akkusative υἱέα, [[υἷα]], υἱέας, υἷας sind alle Neubildungen für υἱύν, υἱύνς (gort. u.a.), Dat. pl. [[υἱάσι]] für *υἱύσι nach πατράσι usw. Zu υἱύς stimmt toch. B ''soy'', A ''se'' [[Sohn]] mit Cen. A ''seyo'' (aus idg. *''sui̯eu̯os'' = υἱέος? v. Windekens Ling. Posn. 8, 40ff.); auch arm. ''ustr'' ib., das nach ''dustr'' [[Tochter]] umgebildet wurde, setzt eine entsprechende Grundform voraus. Daneben stehen in anderen Sprachen ''n''haltige Formen: aind. ''sūnúḥ'', lit. ''sūnùs'', aksl. ''synъ'', germ., z.B. got. ''sunus'', ahd. ''sunu'', aw. ''hunu''-, alles aus idg. *''sū̆nus''. Bei Abtrennung der formantischen Elemente -''i̯u''- bzw. -''nu''- ergibt sich Anschluß an ein Verb für [[gebären]] in aind. ''sū́te'', wozu ''su''-''tá''- [[Sohn]], eig. [[Geborener]]; daneben das kelt. Abstraktum air. ''suth'' aus *''su''-''tu''-''s'' [[Geburt]], [[Frucht]]. Auch für υἱύς, ''sūnúḥ'' u. Verw. empfehlen sich somit eine Zerlegung *''su''-''i̯u''-, ''su''-''nu''- und eine entsprechende Grundbed. [[Geburt]], [[Leibesfrucht]]. (Unwahrscheinliche Vermutung über die Entstehung von ''sū''- [[gebären]] bei Kronasser Acta Balto-Slavica 3 [1966] 80f.). Bemerkenswert ist die morphologische Sonderstellung dieser Wörter für [[Sohn]] im Rahmen der übrigen Verwandtschaftswörter, insbes. der Wörter für [[Vater]], [[Mutter]], [[Tochter]], [[Bruder]], ebenso ihre etymologische Durchsichtigkeit. Vielleicht haben sie ein älteres Wort für [[Sohn]] ersetzt, gerade wie sie ihrerseits von anderen Wörtern zurückgedrängt oder gänzlich ersetzt wurden, z.B. aind. ''putráḥ'', aw. ''puϑrō'', gr. [[παῖς]], lat. ''fīlius'', kelt., z.B. air. ''macc'', lett. ''dêls''. Ob im ital.-kelt. Gebiet Ableger von ''sū''- [[gebären]] im Sinn von [[Sohn]] überhaupt je existiert haben, bleibt ja eine offene Frage. Gegen Verbindung von lyd. ''śuλoś'' angebl. [[Sohn]] mit heth. DUMU-''laš'' [[Kind]], [[Sohn]] Gusmani Sprache 8, 81 f.<br />'''Page''' 2,950-961