ψυχή: Difference between revisions

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|Transliteration C=psychi
|Transliteration C=psychi
|Beta Code=yuxh/
|Beta Code=yuxh/
|Definition=<span class="bld">A</span> [[life]], λύθη ψ. τε μένος τε Il.5.296, etc.; ψ. τεκαὶ αἰών 16.453, cf. Od.9.523; θυμοῦ καὶ ψ. Il.11.334, Od.21.154; λαυκανίην, ἵνα τε ψυχῆς ὤκιστος ὄλεθρος Il.22.325; <b class="b3">ψυχὰς παρθέμενοι</b> at [[hazard]] of their [[live]]s, Od.3.74,9.255; αἰεὶ ἐμὴν ψ. παραβαλλόμενος Il.9.322; <b class="b3">λίσσου' ὑπὲρ ψ. καὶ γούνων</b> by your [[life]], 22.338; so ἀντὶ ψ. S.''OC''1326: but <b class="b3">περὶ ψ.</b> to [[save]] their [[life]], Od.9.423; περί τε ψυχέων ἐμάχοντο 22.245; περὶ ψ. θέον Ἕκτορος Il.22.161; τρέχων περὶ τῆς ψ. [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]9.37; τῆς ἐμῆς περὶ ψ. A.''Eu.''115, cf. E.''Hel.''946, ''Heracl.''984; περὶ ψ. κινδυνεύων Antipho 2.1.4, cf. Th. 8.50; ἁγὼν.. σῆς ψ. πέρι S.''El.''1492, cf. E.''Ph.''1330, ''Or.''847, [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''3.3.44; τὸν περὶ ψ. δρόμον δραμεῖν Ar.''V.''375 (lyr.); [[ἀγωνίζεσθαι]] περὶ τῆς ψυχῆς X.''Eq.Mag.''1.19; <b class="b3">ὃ ἂν θέλῃ, ψυχῆς ὠνεῖται [θυμός]</b> in [[exchange]] for [[life]], Heraclit.85; τῆς ψ. πρίασθαί τι [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''3.1.36; τί γὰρ δοῖ ἄνθρωπος ἀντάλλαγμα τῆς ψ. αὐτοῦ; ''Ev.Marc.''8.37. In early poets: ψυχὰν ἀποπνεῖν Simon.52; ψυχὰς ἔχοντες κυμάτων ἐν ἀγκάλαις Archil.23; ψυχέων φειδόμενοι Tyrt.10.14; θειδωλὴν ψ. θέμενος Sol.13.46; ψυχῆς εἵνεκα καὶ βιότου Thgn.730; ψυχὰν Ἀΐδᾳ τελέων Pi.''I.''1.68; ψυχὰς βαλον Id.''O.''8.39; χαλκῷ ἀπὸ ψυχὴν ἀρύσας Emp.138; τοὐμὸν ἐκπίνουσ' ἀεὶ ψυχῆς ἄκρατον [[αἷμα]] S.''El.''786; <b class="b3">τῆς ἐμῆς ψ. γεγώς</b> ib.775; τὴν ψ. ἐκπίνουσιν Ar.''Nu.''712 (anap.); ψ. ἀφήσω [[Euripides|E.]]''[[Orestes|Or.]]''1171; ψ. σέθεν ἔκτεινε Id.''Tr.''1214; ψ. παραιτέεσθαι [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.24; <b class="b3">ποινὴν τῆς Αἰσώπου ψ.</b> [[satisfaction]] for the [[life]] of A., Id.2.134; ψυχῆς ἀποστερῆσαί τινα Antipho 4.1.6, cf. Th.1.136, etc.; τὴν ψ. ἢ τὴν οὐσίαν ἢ τὴν ἐπιτιμίαν τινὸς ἀφελόμενος Aeschin.2.88; τὸ τῆς ψ. ἀπαιτηθεὶς χρέος [[LXX]] ''Wi.''15. 8, cf. ''Ev.Luc.''12.20; ζητοῦσι τὴν ψ. μου [[LXX]] ''3 Ki.''19.10, cf. ''Ev.Matt.'' 2.20; τὴν ψ. αὐτοῦ τίθησιν ὑπὲρ τῶν προβάτων ''Ev.Jo.''10.11, etc.; <b class="b3">δεῖρον ἄχρις ἡ ψ… ἐπὶ χειλέων λειφθῇ</b> within an inch of his [[life]], Herod.3.3:—the phrase <b class="b3">ἐν τῇ χειρὶ τὴν ψ. ἔχοντα</b> taking his [[life]] in his hands, is prob. [[falsa lectio|f.l.]] in Xenarch.4.20; ἡ ψ. μου ἐν ταῖς χερσί [σου] διὰ πάντος [[LXX]] ''Ps.''118(119).109, cf. ''1 Ki.''19.5, 28.21, al.; of [[life]] in animals, Od.14.426, Hes.''Sc.''173, Pi.''N.''1.47, etc.; τὰ ἄλλα ζῷα, ὅσα ψ. ἔχει Anaxag.4, cf. 12; πάντων τῶν ζῴων ἡ ψ. τὸ αὐτό, ἀήρ Diog. Apoll.5 (cf. infr. IV. 1); <b class="b3">ἡ φύσις τοιαύτη πάντων ὅσσα ψ. ἔχει</b> Democrit.278; <b class="b3">ἐπῴζει καὶ ποιεῖ ψ. ἔχειν</b> (of incubation) Epich.172; [ἑρπετὸν] ὃ ἔχει ἐν ἑαυτῷ ψ. ζωῆς [[LXX]] ''Ge.''1.30; <b class="b3">ἡ ψ. πάσης σαρκὸς αἷμα αὐτοῦ ἐστιν</b> ib.''Le.''17.11, cf. ''De.''12.23.<br><span class="bld">2</span> metaph. of things [[dear as life]], χρήματα γὰρ ψ… βροτοῖσι Hes.''Op.''686; πᾶσι δ' ἀνθρώποις ἄρ' ἦν ψ. τέκν' E.''Andr.''419; τἀργύριόν ἐστιν αἷμα καὶ ψ. βροτοῖς Timocl.35; so as an endearing name, Hld.1.8, al.; ζωὴ καὶ ψ. Juv.6.195; ψ. μου Mart.10.68.<br><span class="bld">II</span> in Hom., [[departed spirit]], [[ghost]] (ὑποτίθεται [Ὅμηρος] τὰς ψ. τοῖς εἰδώλοις τοῖς ἐν τοῖς κατόπτροις φαινομένοις ὁμοίας.. ἃ καθάπαξ ἡμῖν ἐξείκασται καὶ τὰς κινήσεις μιμεῖται, στερεμνιώδη δὲ ὑπόστασιν οὐδεμίαν ἔχει εἰς ἀντίληψιν καὶ ἁφήν Apollod. Hist.''Fr.''102(a)J.); ψ. Πατροκλῆος.. πάντ' αὐτῷ.. ἐϊκυῖα Il.23.65: freq. in Od.11, <b class="b3">ψ. Ἀγαμέμνονος, Ἀχιλῆος</b>, etc., 387, 467, al.; ψ. καὶ εἴδωλον Il.23.104, cf. 72, Od.24.14; ψ. κατὰ χθονὸς ᾤχετο τετριγυῖα Il.23.100; <b class="b3">ψυχὰς ἡρώων</b>,opp. [[αὐτούς]], 1.3, cf. Hes.''Sc.''151; ψυχαὶ δ' Ἄϊδόσδε κατῆλθον Il.7.330; ψ. δὲ κατ' οὐταμένην ὠτειλὴν ἔσσυτ' ἐπειγομένη 14.518; sometimes hardly distinct from signf. ''1'', ἅμα ψ. τε καὶ ἔγχεος ἐξέρυσ' αἰχμήν 16.505; in swoons it leaves the body, τὸν δὲ λίπε ψ. 5.696; so in later writers (seldom in Trag.), σὺν Ἀγαμεμνονίᾳ ψυχᾷ Pi.''P.''11.21; <b class="b3">ἑὰν ψυχὰν κομίξαι</b> ib.4.159, cf. ''N.''8.44; αἱ ψ. ὀσμῶνται καθ' Ἅιδην Heraclit.98; πέμψατ' ἔνερθεν ψυχὴν ἐς φῶς [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[The Persians|Pers.]]''630 (anap.); ποτωμένην ψ. ὑπὲρ σοῦ [[Euripides|E.]]''[[Orestes|Or.]]''676, cf. ''Fr.'' 912.9 (anap.); τὰς τῶν κεκμηκότων ψ., αἷς ἐστιν ἐν τῇ φύσει τῶν αὑτῶν ἐκγόνων κήδεσθαι [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Leges|Lg.]]''927b; <b class="b3">ψ. σοφαί</b>, perhaps 'wise [[ghosts]]', Ar.''Nu.'' 94; δὶς ἀποθανουμένη ψ. Anon. ap. Plu.2.236d.<br><span class="bld">III</span> the immaterial and immortal [[soul]], first in Pindar, ἐς τὸν ὕπερθεν ἅλιον κείνων.. ἀνδιδοῖ [Φερσεφόνα] ψυχὰς πάλιν ''Fr.''133, cf. Pl.''Men.''81b; εἰπόντες ὡς ἀνθρώπου ψ. ἀθάνατός ἐστι [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]2.123; ἀγένητόν τε καὶ ἀθάνατον ψ. [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Phaedrus|Phdr.]]'' 246a, cf. ''Phd.''70c, al.; ἀθάνατος ἡμῶν ἡ ψ. καὶ οὐδέποτε ἀπόλλυται Id.''R.''608d; ἁψ. τῷ σώματι συνέζευκται καὶ καθάπερ ἐν σάματι τέθαπται Philol.14, cf. [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Cratylus|Cra.]]''400c: hence freq.opp. [[σῶμα]], ψ. καὶ σῶμα [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Memorabilia|Mem.]]''1.3.5, cf. ''An.''3.2.20; ψ. ἢ σῶμα ἢ συναμφότερον, τὸ ὅλον τοῦτο Pl.''Alc.''1.130a; εἰς θηρίου βίον ἀνθρωπίνη ψ. ἀφικνεῖται καὶ ἐκ θηρίου.. πάλιν εἰς ἄνθρωπον Id.''[[Phaedrus|Phdr.]]''249b; κατὰ τοὺς Πυθαγορικοὺς μύθους τὴν τυχοῦσαν ψ. εἰς τὸ τυχὸν ἐνδύεσθαι σῶμα Arist.''de An.'' 407b22; οὐδὲ τοῦτο ἐπείσθην, ὡς ἡ ψ., ἕως μὲν ἂν ἐν θνητῷ σώματι ᾖ, ζῇ, ὅταν δὲ τούτου ἀπαλλαγῇ, τέθνηκεν [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''8.7.19; ἀνθρώπου γε ψ., ἣ τοῦ θείου μετέχει,.. ὁρᾶται δ' οὐδ' αὐτή Id.''Mem.''4.3.14, cf. ''Cyr.'' 8.7.17; <b class="b3">αἰθὴρ μὲμ ψυχὰς ὑπεδέξατο, σώ[ματα δὲ χθών]</b> ''IG''12.945 (v B. C.); ὁπόταμ ψ. προλίπῃ φάος ἀελίοιο Orph.''Fr.''32[[f]].''1''; ἡμεῖς ἐσμεν ψ., ζῷον ἀθάνατον ἐν θνητῷ καθειργμένον φρουρίῳ Pl.''Ax.'' 365e.<br><span class="bld">IV</span> the [[conscious self]] or [[personality]] as centre of emotions, desires, and affections, χερσὶ καὶ ψυχᾷ δυνατοί Pi.''N.''9.39; μορφὰν βραχύς, ψυχὰν δ' ἄκαμπτος Id.''I.''4(3).53(71); ἐνίους τῶν καλῶν τὰς μορφὰς μοχθηροὺς ὄντας τὰς ψ. X.''Oec.''6.16; θνητοῦ σώματος ἔτυχες, πειρῶ τῆς ψ. ἀθάνατον μνήμην καταλιπεῖν Isoc.2.37; opp. [[material blessings]], κτεάνων ψ. ἔχοντες κρέσσονας Pi.''N.''9.32; μήτε σωμάτων ἐπιμελεῖσθαι μήτε χρημάτων.. οὕτω σφόδρα ὡς τῆς ψ. ὅπως ὡς ἀρίστη ἔσται Pl.''Ap.'' 30b, cf. 29e: hence regarded in abstraction, τὸ παρεχόμενον ἡμῶν ἕκαστον τοῦτ' εἶναι μηδὲν ἀλλ' ἢ τὴν ψ., τὸ δὲ σῶμα ἰνδαλλόμενον ἡμῶν ἑκάστοις ἕπεσθαι [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Leges|Lg.]]''959a; ἡ ψ. ἐστιν ἄνθρωπος Id.''Alc.''1.130c; οὐδὲ νῦν τήν γ ἐμὴν ψ. ἑωρᾶτε [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''8.7.17, cf. supr.''III'': sts., therefore, distinguished from oneself, ψ. γὰρ ηὔδα πολλά μοι μυθουμένη S.''Ant.''227; ἡ ψ. μου πεπότηται Ar.''Nu.''319 (anap.); τί ποτ' ἔστι μαθεῖν ἔραται ψ. E.''Hipp.''173 (anap.); ἄλλο τι βουλομένη ἑκατέρου ἡ ψ. δήλη ἐστίν [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Symposium|Smp.]]'' 192c; <b class="b3">οἴμοι ψυχή</b> woe is me! [[LXX]] ''Mi.''7.1; <b class="b3">καὶ ἐρῶ τῇ ψυχῇ μου, "ψυχή, ἔχεις πολλὰ ἀγαθά</b>" = and I will say to my [[soul]], Soul, thou hast much [[good]]s ''Ev.Luc.''12.19; in periphrases, <b class="b3">ψ. Ὀρέστου</b>, = [[Ὀρέστης]], S.''El.''1127, al.: but <b class="b3">τὴν Φιλοκτήτου ψ. ἐκκλέψεις</b> his [[wits]], Id.''Ph.''55; ἡ δ' ἐμὴ ψ. τέθνηκεν Id.''Ant.''559, cf. ''OC''999; so [[ψυχαί]] abs., = ἄνθρωποι, ψ. ὀλέσασα A.''Ag.''1457 (lyr.); <b class="b3">ψ. πολλαὶ ἔθανον</b> many [[souls]] perished, Ar.''Th.''864; πᾶσαι αἱ ψ., υἱοὶ καὶ αἱ θυγατέρες λ γ [[LXX]] ''Ge.''46.15, cf. ''Ex.''12.4, al.; [κιβωτὸς] εἰς ἣν ὀλίγοι, τοῦτ' ἔστιν ὀκτὼ ψ., διεσώθησαν ''1 Ep.Pet.''3.20. In apostrophe, μή, φίλα ψ. Pi.''P.''3.61; ὦ μελέα ψ. S.''Ph.''712 (lyr.); ὦ ἀγαθὴ καὶ πιστὴ ψ. [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''7.3.8; in referring to persons, ὅταν μεγάλη ψ. φυῇ [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 496b (cf. [[μεγαλόψυχος]]) <b class="b3">; καλεῖται γοῦν ἡ ψ. Κρινοκοράκα</b> the [[creature]], [[Theophrastus|Thphr.]] ''[[Characters|Char.]]''28.2; πάσῃ ψ. τετελευτηκυίᾳ [[LXX]] ''Nu.''6.6,''ΙΙ''; πᾶσα ψ. ὑποτασσέσθω ''Ep.Rom.''13.1, etc.: generally, [[being]], <b class="b3">ψυχὴ ζῶσα</b> living [[creature]], [[LXX]] ''Ge.''1.24, cf. 20(pl.).<br><span class="bld">2</span> of various aspects of the [[self]], <b class="b3">ἐν πολέμοιο μάχαις τλάμονι ψ. παρέμειν</b>) [[enduring]] [[heart]], Pi.''P.''1.48; διεπειρᾶτο αὐτοῦ τῆς ψ. [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]3.14, <b class="b3">ἦν ηὰρ.. ψυχὴν οὐκ ἄκρος</b> [[poor]]-[[spirited]], Id.5.124; ψυχὴν ἄριστε πάντων [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[The Knights|Eq.]]''457; καρτερὰν ψ. λαβεῖν Id.''Ach.''393; κράτιστοι ἂν τὴν ψ. κριθεῖεν Th.2.40; τοῖς σώμασι δύνανται τὰς δὲ ψ. οὐκ ἔχουσιν Lys.10.29; ὁ γὰρ' λόγχην ἀκονῶν καὶ τὴν ψ. τι παρακονᾷ [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''6.2.33, cf. ''Oec.''21.3.<br><span class="bld">3</span> of the emotional self, ὑπείργασμαι μὲν εὖ ψυχὴν ἔρωτι E.''Hipp.''505, cf. 527 (lyr.); πάνυ μου ἡ ψ. ἐπεθύμει X.''Oec.''6.14; τίνα ποτὲ ψ. ἔχων; Lys.32.12; <b class="b3">τίν' οἴεσθ' αὐτὴν ψ. ἕξειν, ὅταν ἐμὲ ῒδῃ</b>; how will she feel? D.28.21; <b class="b3">μία ψ.</b>, [[proverb|prov.]] of friends, [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Nicomachean Ethics|EN]]''1168b7; <b class="b3">ψ. μία ἤστην</b> prob. in Phryn. ''PS''p.128B.; of appetite, ψυχῇ διδόντες ἡδονήν [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[The Persians|Pers.]]''841 ([[si vera lectio|s. v.l.]]), cf. Epich.297, Theocr.16.24; λίχνῳ δὲ ὄντι τὴν ψ. [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 579b; τῷ δὲ ἡ ψ. σῖτον μὲν οὐ προσίετο, διψῆν δ' ἐδόκει [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''8.7.4.<br><span class="bld">4</span> of the moral and intellectual [[self]], ἀπὸ πάμπαν ἀδίκων ἔχειν ψ. Pi.''O.'' 2.70; ψ. τε καὶ φρόνημα καὶ γνώμην S.''Ant.''176; [[ἀρκεῖν]].. κἀντὶ μυρίων μίαν ψ. τάδ' ἐκτίνουσαν, ἢν εὔνους παρῇ Id.''OC''499; ψ. γὰρ εὔνους καὶ φρονοῦσα τοὔνδικον Id.''Fr.''101; ἡ κακὴ σὴ ψ. Id.''Ph.''1014; ψυχῆς κατήγορος κακῆς X.''Oec.''20.15, cf. [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 353e; ἡ βουλεύσασα ψ. Antipho 4.1.7, cf. [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Leges|Lg.]]''873a; <b class="b3">τὸ σῶμα ἀπειρηκὸς ἡ ψ. συνεξέσωσεν.. διὰ τὸ μὴ ξυνειδέναι ἑαυτῇ</b> the [[mind]] [[conscious]] of [[innocence]], Antipho 5.93; τὸ ἐπιμελεῖσθαι καὶ ἄρχειν καὶ βουλεύεσθαι.. ἐσθ' ὅτῳ ἄλλῳ ἢ ψυχῇ δικαίως ἂν ἀποδοῖμεν; [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 353d; τὴν τῆς ψ. ἐπιμέλειαν [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Memorabilia|Mem.]]'' 1.2.4, Isoc.15.304; <b class="b3">τὰ ἐν τῇ ψ. διὰ τὴν παιδείαν ἐγγιγνόμενα</b> ib.290; τῆς ψ. ἐξελθούσης, ἐν ᾗ μόνῃ γίγνεται φρόνησις [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Memorabilia|Mem.]]''1.2.53; νοῦς τε καὶ ψ. [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Cratylus|Cra.]]''400a, cf. ''Phdr.''247c, al.; ἐμπαίει τί μοι ψυχῇ σύνηθες ὄμμα S.''El.''903; ἰδὼν μὲν γνούς τε σῇ ψ., τέκνον E.''Tr.''1171. Phrases:—ἐκ τῆς ψ. φίλος X.''An.''7.7.43; <b class="b3">ἀπὸ τῆς ψ. φιλεῖν</b> with all the [[heart]], [[Theophrastus|Thphr.]] ''[[Characters|Char.]]''17.3; βόσκοιτ' ἐκ ψυχᾶς τὰς ἀμνάδας Theoc.8.35; ὅλῃ τῇ ψ. κεχαρίσθαι τινί [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Memorabilia|Mem.]]''3.11.10; <b class="b3">οὐκ ἐᾷ ἡμᾶς οὐδὲ ψυχῆς λαχεῖν</b> he won't let us call our [[soul]] our own, Phryn.''PS''p.128B.<br><span class="bld">5</span> of animals, <b class="b3">ψ. μεγαλόφρων</b>, of a horse, X.''Eq.''11.1; θηρίων ψ. ἡμεροῦμεν Isoc.2.12; <b class="b3">ψ. χηνός, ὀρτυγίου</b>, Eub.101, Antiph.5.<br><span class="bld">6</span> of inanimate things, πᾶσα πολιτεία ψ. πόλεώς ἐστιν Isoc.12.138, cf. 7.14; ἡ τῶνδε τῶν ἀνδρῶν ἀρετὴ τῆς Ἑλλάδος ἦν ψ. D.60.23; οἷον ψ. ὁ μῦθος τῆς τραγῳδίας Arist.''Po.''1450a38; also of the [[spirit]] of an author, D.H.''Lys.''11.<br><span class="bld">V</span> Philosophical uses:<br><span class="bld">1</span> In the early physicists, of the [[primary]] [[substance]], the [[source]] of [[life]] and [[consciousness]], <b class="b3">ὁρίζονται πάντες</b> (''[[sc.]]'' <b class="b3">οἱ πρότεροι</b>) τὴν ψ. τρισίν, κινήσει, αἰσθήσει, τῷ ἀσωμάτῳ Arist.''de An.'' 405b11; <b class="b3">τὸν λίθον ἔφη [Θαλῆς] ψ. ἔχειν ὅτι τὸν σίδηρον κινεῖ</b>, of the magnet, ib.405a20; <b class="b3">ψυχῇσιν θάνατος ὕδωρ γενέσθαι, ὕδατι δὲ θάνατος γῆν γενέσθαι, ἐκ γῆς δὲ ὕδωρ γίνεται, ἐξ ὕδατος δὲ ψ.</b> (''[[sc.]]'' [[πῦρ]]) Heraclit. 36; ἡ ψ. πνεῦμα Xenoph. ap. D.L.9.19; <b class="b3">καρδία ψυχῆς καὶ αἰσθήσιος [ἀρχά]</b> Philol.13; τοῦτο [ἀὴρ] αὐτοῖς καὶ ψ. ἐστι καὶ [[νόησις]] Diog. Apoll.4; τὴν τῶν ἄλλων ἁπάντων φύσιν οὐ πιστεύεις Ἀναξαγόρᾳ νοῦν καὶ ψ. εἶναι τὴν διακοσμοῦσαν; [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Cratylus|Cra.]]''400a, cf. Arist.''de An.''404a25; <b class="b3">Δημόκριτος πῦρ τι καὶ θερμόν θησιν αὐτὴν</b> (''[[sc.]]'' [[ψυχὴν]]) <b class="b3"> εἶναι</b> ib.404a1, cf. ''Resp.''472a4.<br><span class="bld">2</span> the [[spirit]] of the universe, ψ. εἰς τὸ μέσον [τοῦ κόσμου] θείς Pl.''Ti.''34b, cf. 30b; τὴν τοῦ παντὸς δῆλον ὅτι τοιαύτην εἶναι βούλεται [ὁ Τίμαιος] οἷόν ποτ' ἐστὶν ὁ καλούμενος νοῦς Arist.''de An.''407a3; <b class="b3">ἐν τῷ ὅλῳ τινὲς [τὴν ψ.] μεμεῖχθαί φασιν, ὅθεν ἴσως καὶ Θαλῆς ᾠήθη πάντα πλήρη θεῶν εἶναι</b> ib.411a8; ὁ κόσμος ψ. ἐστὶν ἑαυτοῦ καὶ ἡγεμονικόν Chrysipp.Stoic.2.186; <b class="b3">ψ. [κόσμου]</b> Plu.2.1013e, cf. M.Ant.4.40; ψ. ἐλθοῦσα εἰς σῶμα οὐρανοῦ Plot.5.1.2; τόδε τὸ πᾶν ψ. μίαν ἔχον εἰς πάντα αὐτοῦ μέρη Id.4.4.32; <b class="b3">περὶ ψυχᾶς κόσμου καὶ φύσιος</b>, title of work by Ti.Locr.<br><span class="bld">3</span> In Pl. the immaterial principle of movement and life, ὅταν παρῇ [ψυχὴ] τῷ σώματι, αἴτιόν ἐστι τοῦ ζῆν αὐτῷ [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Cratylus|Cra.]]''399d, cf. ''Def.''411c; [ψυχῆς λόγον ἔχομεν] τὴν δυναμένην αὐτὴν αὑτὴν κινεῖν κίνησιν Id.''Lg.''896a; <b class="b3">μεταβολῆς τε καὶ κινήσεως ἁπάσης αἰτία [ἡ ψ.] ἅπασιν</b> ib. b, cf. 892c; its presence is requisite for thought, σοφία καὶ νοῦς ἄνευ ψ. οὐκ ἂν γενοίσθην Id.''Phlb.''30c, cf. ''Ti.'' 30b, ''Sph.''249a; defined by Arist. as οὐσία ὡς εἶδος σώματος φυσικοῦ δυνάμει ζωὴν ἔχοντος ''de An.''412a20; <b class="b3">ἐντελέχεια ἡ πρώτη σώματος φυσικοῦ ὀργανικοῦ</b> ib.412b5; the [[tripartite]] [[division]] of ψ., οἱ δὲ περὶ Πλάτωνα καὶ Ἀρχύτας καὶ οἱ λοιποὶ Πυθαγόρειοι τὴν ψ. τριμερῆ ἀποφαίνονται, διαιροῦντες εἰς λογισμὸν καὶ θυμὸν καὶ ἐπιθυμίαν Iamb. ap. Stob.1.49.34, cf. [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 439e sqq.; in Arist. ἡ ψ. τούτοις ὥρισται, θρεπτικῷ, αἰσθητικῷ, διανοητικῷ, κινήσει· πότερον δὲ τοὔτων ἕκαστόν ἐστι ψ. ἢ ψυχῆς μόριον; ''de An.''413b11, cf. ''PA''641b4; ἡ θρεπτικὴ ψ. Id.''de An.''434a22, al.; in the Stoics and Epicureans, <b class="b3">σῶμα ἡ ψ.</b> Zeno and Chrysipp.Stoic.1.38; of the [[scala naturae]], τὰ μὲν ἕξει διοικεῖται, τὰ δὲ φύσει, τὰ δ' ἀλόγῳ ψ., τὰ δὲ καὶ λόγον ἐχούσῃ καὶ διάνοιαν ''Stoic.''2.150, cf. M.Ant.6.14; ἡ ψ. σῶμά ἐστι λεπτομερές.. προσεμφερέστατον πνεύματι θερμοῦ τινα κρᾶσιν ἔχοντι Epicur.''Ep.''1p.19U.; τέλος.. τὸ μήτε ἀλγεῖν κατὰ σῶμα μήτε ταράττεσθαι κατὰ ψ. Id.''Ep.''3p.64U.; in the Neo-Platonists characterized by discursive thinking, τοὺς λογισμοὺς ψυχῆς εἶναι ἐνεργήματα Plot.1.1.7; related to [[νοῦς]] as image to archetype, <b class="b3">εἰκών τίς ἐστι νοῦ [ψ</b>.] Id.5.1.3; present in entirety in every part, πάρεστι πᾶσα πανταχοῦ ψ. Id.5.1.2, cf. 4.7.5; φύσις ψ. οὖσα, γέννημα ψυχῆς προτέρας Id.3.8.4; animal and vegetable bodies possess οἷον σκιὰν ψυχῆς Id.4.4.18; πᾶν σῶμα.. ψυχῆς μετουσίᾳ κινεῖται ἐξ ἑαυτοῦ καὶ ζῇ διὰ ψ. Procl.''Inst.''20.<br><span class="bld">VI</span> [[butterfly]] or [[moth]], [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Historia Animalium|HA]]''551a14, [[Theophrastus|Thphr.]] ''[[Historia Plantarum|HP]]'' 2.4.4, Plu.2.636c.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[τριπόλιον]], Ps.-Dsc.4.132.<br><span class="bld">VII</span> [[Psyche]], in the allegory of [[Psyche]] and [[Eros]], Apul.''Metam.'' bks. 4-6, Aristophontes ap. Fulg.''Myth.''3.6. (See ancient speculations on the derivation, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Cratylus|Cra.]]''399d-400a, Arist.''de An.''405b29, Chrysipp.Stoic.2.222; Hom. usage gives little support to the derivation from [[ψύχω]] '[[blow]], [[breathe]]'; τὸν δὲ λίπε ψ. Il.5.696 means 'his [[spirit]] left his [[body]]', and so [[λειποψυχέω]] means '[[swoon]]', not '[[become]] [[breathless]]'; ἀπὸ δὲ ψ. ἐκάπυσσε Il.22.467 means 'she gasped out her [[spirit]]', viz. '[[swoon]]ed'; the resemblance of [[ἄμπνυτο]] '[[recover]]ed [[consciousness]]' to [[ἀμπνέω]] '[[recover]] [[breath]]' is deceptive, v. [[ἄμπνυτο]], [[ἔμπνυτο]]: when concrete the Homeric [[ψ]]. is rather [[warm]] [[blood]] than [[breath]], cf. Il.14.518, 16.505, where the [[ψ]]. escapes through a [[wound]]; cf. [[ψυχοπότης]], [[ψυχορροφέω]], and S.''El.''786, Ar.''Nu.''712 (v. supr.''1'').)
|Definition=<span class="bld">A</span> [[life]], λύθη ψ. τε μένος τε Il.5.296, etc.; ψ. τεκαὶ αἰών 16.453, cf. Od.9.523; θυμοῦ καὶ ψ. Il.11.334, Od.21.154; λαυκανίην, ἵνα τε ψυχῆς ὤκιστος ὄλεθρος Il.22.325; <b class="b3">ψυχὰς παρθέμενοι</b> at [[hazard]] of their [[live]]s, Od.3.74,9.255; αἰεὶ ἐμὴν ψ. παραβαλλόμενος Il.9.322; <b class="b3">λίσσου' ὑπὲρ ψ. καὶ γούνων</b> by your [[life]], 22.338; so ἀντὶ ψ. [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Coloneus|OC]]''1326: but <b class="b3">περὶ ψ.</b> to [[save]] their [[life]], Od.9.423; περί τε ψυχέων ἐμάχοντο 22.245; περὶ ψ. θέον Ἕκτορος Il.22.161; τρέχων περὶ τῆς ψ. [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]9.37; τῆς ἐμῆς περὶ ψ. A.''Eu.''115, cf. E.''Hel.''946, ''Heracl.''984; περὶ ψ. κινδυνεύων Antipho 2.1.4, cf. Th. 8.50; ἁγὼν.. σῆς ψ. πέρι S.''El.''1492, cf. E.''Ph.''1330, ''Or.''847, [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''3.3.44; τὸν περὶ ψ. δρόμον δραμεῖν Ar.''V.''375 (lyr.); [[ἀγωνίζεσθαι]] περὶ τῆς ψυχῆς X.''Eq.Mag.''1.19; <b class="b3">ὃ ἂν θέλῃ, ψυχῆς ὠνεῖται [θυμός]</b> in [[exchange]] for [[life]], Heraclit.85; τῆς ψ. πρίασθαί τι [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''3.1.36; τί γὰρ δοῖ ἄνθρωπος ἀντάλλαγμα τῆς ψ. αὐτοῦ; ''Ev.Marc.''8.37. In early poets: ψυχὰν ἀποπνεῖν Simon.52; ψυχὰς ἔχοντες κυμάτων ἐν ἀγκάλαις Archil.23; ψυχέων φειδόμενοι Tyrt.10.14; θειδωλὴν ψ. θέμενος Sol.13.46; ψυχῆς εἵνεκα καὶ βιότου Thgn.730; ψυχὰν Ἀΐδᾳ τελέων Pi.''I.''1.68; ψυχὰς βαλον Id.''O.''8.39; χαλκῷ ἀπὸ ψυχὴν ἀρύσας Emp.138; τοὐμὸν ἐκπίνουσ' ἀεὶ ψυχῆς ἄκρατον [[αἷμα]] S.''El.''786; <b class="b3">τῆς ἐμῆς ψ. γεγώς</b> ib.775; τὴν ψ. ἐκπίνουσιν Ar.''Nu.''712 (anap.); ψ. ἀφήσω [[Euripides|E.]]''[[Orestes|Or.]]''1171; ψ. σέθεν ἔκτεινε Id.''Tr.''1214; ψ. παραιτέεσθαι [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.24; <b class="b3">ποινὴν τῆς Αἰσώπου ψ.</b> [[satisfaction]] for the [[life]] of A., Id.2.134; ψυχῆς ἀποστερῆσαί τινα Antipho 4.1.6, cf. Th.1.136, etc.; τὴν ψ. ἢ τὴν οὐσίαν ἢ τὴν ἐπιτιμίαν τινὸς ἀφελόμενος Aeschin.2.88; τὸ τῆς ψ. ἀπαιτηθεὶς χρέος [[LXX]] ''Wi.''15. 8, cf. ''Ev.Luc.''12.20; ζητοῦσι τὴν ψ. μου [[LXX]] ''3 Ki.''19.10, cf. ''Ev.Matt.'' 2.20; τὴν ψ. αὐτοῦ τίθησιν ὑπὲρ τῶν προβάτων ''Ev.Jo.''10.11, etc.; <b class="b3">δεῖρον ἄχρις ἡ ψ… ἐπὶ χειλέων λειφθῇ</b> within an inch of his [[life]], Herod.3.3:—the phrase <b class="b3">ἐν τῇ χειρὶ τὴν ψ. ἔχοντα</b> taking his [[life]] in his hands, is prob. [[falsa lectio|f.l.]] in Xenarch.4.20; ἡ ψ. μου ἐν ταῖς χερσί [σου] διὰ πάντος [[LXX]] ''Ps.''118(119).109, cf. ''1 Ki.''19.5, 28.21, al.; of [[life]] in animals, Od.14.426, Hes.''Sc.''173, Pi.''N.''1.47, etc.; τὰ ἄλλα ζῷα, ὅσα ψ. ἔχει Anaxag.4, cf. 12; πάντων τῶν ζῴων ἡ ψ. τὸ αὐτό, ἀήρ Diog. Apoll.5 (cf. infr. IV. 1); <b class="b3">ἡ φύσις τοιαύτη πάντων ὅσσα ψ. ἔχει</b> Democrit.278; <b class="b3">ἐπῴζει καὶ ποιεῖ ψ. ἔχειν</b> (of incubation) Epich.172; [ἑρπετὸν] ὃ ἔχει ἐν ἑαυτῷ ψ. ζωῆς [[LXX]] ''Ge.''1.30; <b class="b3">ἡ ψ. πάσης σαρκὸς αἷμα αὐτοῦ ἐστιν</b> ib.''Le.''17.11, cf. ''De.''12.23.<br><span class="bld">2</span> metaph. of things [[dear as life]], χρήματα γὰρ ψ… βροτοῖσι Hes.''Op.''686; πᾶσι δ' ἀνθρώποις ἄρ' ἦν ψ. τέκν' [[Euripides|E.]]''[[Andromache|Andr.]]''419; τἀργύριόν ἐστιν αἷμα καὶ ψ. βροτοῖς Timocl.35; so as an endearing name, Hld.1.8, al.; ζωὴ καὶ ψ. Juv.6.195; ψ. μου Mart.10.68.<br><span class="bld">II</span> in Hom., [[departed spirit]], [[ghost]] (ὑποτίθεται [Ὅμηρος] τὰς ψ. τοῖς εἰδώλοις τοῖς ἐν τοῖς κατόπτροις φαινομένοις ὁμοίας.. ἃ καθάπαξ ἡμῖν ἐξείκασται καὶ τὰς κινήσεις μιμεῖται, στερεμνιώδη δὲ ὑπόστασιν οὐδεμίαν ἔχει εἰς ἀντίληψιν καὶ ἁφήν Apollod. Hist.''Fr.''102(a)J.); ψ. Πατροκλῆος.. πάντ' αὐτῷ.. ἐϊκυῖα Il.23.65: freq. in Od.11, <b class="b3">ψ. Ἀγαμέμνονος, Ἀχιλῆος</b>, etc., 387, 467, al.; ψ. καὶ εἴδωλον Il.23.104, cf. 72, Od.24.14; ψ. κατὰ χθονὸς ᾤχετο τετριγυῖα Il.23.100; <b class="b3">ψυχὰς ἡρώων</b>,opp. [[αὐτούς]], 1.3, cf. Hes.''Sc.''151; ψυχαὶ δ' Ἄϊδόσδε κατῆλθον Il.7.330; ψ. δὲ κατ' οὐταμένην ὠτειλὴν ἔσσυτ' ἐπειγομένη 14.518; sometimes hardly distinct from signf. ''1'', ἅμα ψ. τε καὶ ἔγχεος ἐξέρυσ' αἰχμήν 16.505; in swoons it leaves the body, τὸν δὲ λίπε ψ. 5.696; so in later writers (seldom in Trag.), σὺν Ἀγαμεμνονίᾳ ψυχᾷ Pi.''P.''11.21; <b class="b3">ἑὰν ψυχὰν κομίξαι</b> ib.4.159, cf. ''N.''8.44; αἱ ψ. ὀσμῶνται καθ' Ἅιδην Heraclit.98; πέμψατ' ἔνερθεν ψυχὴν ἐς φῶς [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[The Persians|Pers.]]''630 (anap.); ποτωμένην ψ. ὑπὲρ σοῦ [[Euripides|E.]]''[[Orestes|Or.]]''676, cf. ''Fr.'' 912.9 (anap.); τὰς τῶν κεκμηκότων ψ., αἷς ἐστιν ἐν τῇ φύσει τῶν αὑτῶν ἐκγόνων κήδεσθαι [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Leges|Lg.]]''927b; <b class="b3">ψυχαὶ σοφαί</b>, perhaps '[[wise]] [[ghost]]s', Ar.''Nu.'' 94; δὶς ἀποθανουμένη ψ. Anon. ap. Plu.2.236d.<br><span class="bld">III</span> the immaterial and immortal [[soul]], first in Pindar, ἐς τὸν ὕπερθεν ἅλιον κείνων.. ἀνδιδοῖ [Φερσεφόνα] ψυχὰς πάλιν ''Fr.''133, cf. Pl.''Men.''81b; εἰπόντες ὡς ἀνθρώπου ψ. ἀθάνατός ἐστι [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]2.123; ἀγένητόν τε καὶ ἀθάνατον ψ. [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Phaedrus|Phdr.]]'' 246a, cf. ''Phd.''70c, al.; ἀθάνατος ἡμῶν ἡ ψ. καὶ οὐδέποτε ἀπόλλυται Id.''R.''608d; ἁψ. τῷ σώματι συνέζευκται καὶ καθάπερ ἐν σάματι τέθαπται Philol.14, cf. [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Cratylus|Cra.]]''400c: hence freq.opp. [[σῶμα]], ψ. καὶ σῶμα [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Memorabilia|Mem.]]''1.3.5, cf. ''An.''3.2.20; ψ. ἢ σῶμα ἢ συναμφότερον, τὸ ὅλον τοῦτο Pl.''Alc.''1.130a; εἰς θηρίου βίον ἀνθρωπίνη ψ. ἀφικνεῖται καὶ ἐκ θηρίου.. πάλιν εἰς ἄνθρωπον Id.''[[Phaedrus|Phdr.]]''249b; κατὰ τοὺς Πυθαγορικοὺς μύθους τὴν τυχοῦσαν ψ. εἰς τὸ τυχὸν ἐνδύεσθαι σῶμα Arist.''de An.'' 407b22; οὐδὲ τοῦτο ἐπείσθην, ὡς ἡ ψ., ἕως μὲν ἂν ἐν θνητῷ σώματι ᾖ, ζῇ, ὅταν δὲ τούτου ἀπαλλαγῇ, τέθνηκεν [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''8.7.19; ἀνθρώπου γε ψ., ἣ τοῦ θείου μετέχει,.. ὁρᾶται δ' οὐδ' αὐτή Id.''Mem.''4.3.14, cf. ''Cyr.'' 8.7.17; <b class="b3">αἰθὴρ μὲμ ψυχὰς ὑπεδέξατο, σώ[ματα δὲ χθών]</b> ''IG''12.945 (v B. C.); ὁπόταμ ψ. προλίπῃ φάος ἀελίοιο Orph.''Fr.''32[[f]].''1''; ἡμεῖς ἐσμεν ψ., ζῷον ἀθάνατον ἐν θνητῷ καθειργμένον φρουρίῳ Pl.''Ax.'' 365e.<br><span class="bld">IV</span> the [[conscious self]] or [[personality]] as centre of emotions, desires, and affections, χερσὶ καὶ ψυχᾷ δυνατοί Pi.''N.''9.39; μορφὰν βραχύς, ψυχὰν δ' ἄκαμπτος Id.''I.''4(3).53(71); ἐνίους τῶν καλῶν τὰς μορφὰς μοχθηροὺς ὄντας τὰς ψ. X.''Oec.''6.16; θνητοῦ σώματος ἔτυχες, πειρῶ τῆς ψ. ἀθάνατον μνήμην καταλιπεῖν Isoc.2.37; opp. [[material]] [[blessing]]s, κτεάνων ψ. ἔχοντες κρέσσονας Pi.''N.''9.32; μήτε σωμάτων ἐπιμελεῖσθαι μήτε χρημάτων.. οὕτω σφόδρα ὡς τῆς ψ. ὅπως ὡς ἀρίστη ἔσται Pl.''Ap.'' 30b, cf. 29e: hence regarded in abstraction, τὸ παρεχόμενον ἡμῶν ἕκαστον τοῦτ' εἶναι μηδὲν ἀλλ' ἢ τὴν ψ., τὸ δὲ σῶμα ἰνδαλλόμενον ἡμῶν ἑκάστοις ἕπεσθαι [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Leges|Lg.]]''959a; ἡ ψ. ἐστιν ἄνθρωπος Id.''Alc.''1.130c; οὐδὲ νῦν τήν γ ἐμὴν ψ. ἑωρᾶτε [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''8.7.17, cf. supr.''III'': sts., therefore, distinguished from oneself, ψ. γὰρ ηὔδα πολλά μοι μυθουμένη [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Antigone|Ant.]]''227; ἡ ψ. μου πεπότηται Ar.''Nu.''319 (anap.); τί ποτ' ἔστι μαθεῖν ἔραται ψ. E.''Hipp.''173 (anap.); ἄλλο τι βουλομένη ἑκατέρου ἡ ψ. δήλη ἐστίν [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Symposium|Smp.]]'' 192c; <b class="b3">οἴμοι ψυχή</b> woe is me! [[LXX]] ''Mi.''7.1; <b class="b3">καὶ ἐρῶ τῇ ψυχῇ μου, "ψυχή, ἔχεις πολλὰ ἀγαθά</b>" = and I will say to my [[soul]], Soul, thou hast much [[good]]s ''Ev.Luc.''12.19; in periphrases, <b class="b3">ψ. Ὀρέστου</b>, = [[Ὀρέστης]], S.''El.''1127, al.: but <b class="b3">τὴν Φιλοκτήτου ψ. ἐκκλέψεις</b> his [[wits]], Id.''Ph.''55; ἡ δ' ἐμὴ ψ. τέθνηκεν Id.''Ant.''559, cf. ''OC''999; so [[ψυχαί]] abs., = ἄνθρωποι, ψ. ὀλέσασα A.''Ag.''1457 (lyr.); <b class="b3">ψ. πολλαὶ ἔθανον</b> many [[soul]]s [[perish]]ed, Ar.''Th.''864; πᾶσαι αἱ ψ., υἱοὶ καὶ αἱ θυγατέρες λ γ [[LXX]] ''Ge.''46.15, cf. ''Ex.''12.4, al.; [κιβωτὸς] εἰς ἣν ὀλίγοι, τοῦτ' ἔστιν ὀκτὼ ψ., διεσώθησαν ''1 Ep.Pet.''3.20. In apostrophe, μή, φίλα ψ. Pi.''P.''3.61; ὦ μελέα ψ. S.''Ph.''712 (lyr.); ὦ ἀγαθὴ καὶ πιστὴ ψ. [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''7.3.8; in referring to persons, ὅταν μεγάλη ψ. φυῇ [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 496b (cf. [[μεγαλόψυχος]]) <b class="b3">; καλεῖται γοῦν ἡ ψ. Κρινοκοράκα</b> the [[creature]], [[Theophrastus|Thphr.]] ''[[Characters|Char.]]''28.2; πάσῃ ψ. τετελευτηκυίᾳ [[LXX]] ''Nu.''6.6,''ΙΙ''; πᾶσα ψ. ὑποτασσέσθω ''Ep.Rom.''13.1, etc.: generally, [[being]], <b class="b3">ψυχὴ ζῶσα</b> living [[creature]], [[LXX]] ''Ge.''1.24, cf. 20(pl.).<br><span class="bld">2</span> of various aspects of the [[self]], <b class="b3">ἐν πολέμοιο μάχαις τλάμονι ψ. παρέμειν</b>) [[enduring]] [[heart]], Pi.''P.''1.48; διεπειρᾶτο αὐτοῦ τῆς ψ. [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]3.14, <b class="b3">ἦν ηὰρ.. ψυχὴν οὐκ ἄκρος</b> [[poor]]-[[spirited]], Id.5.124; ψυχὴν ἄριστε πάντων [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[The Knights|Eq.]]''457; καρτερὰν ψ. λαβεῖν Id.''Ach.''393; κράτιστοι ἂν τὴν ψ. κριθεῖεν Th.2.40; τοῖς σώμασι δύνανται τὰς δὲ ψ. οὐκ ἔχουσιν Lys.10.29; ὁ γὰρ' λόγχην ἀκονῶν καὶ τὴν ψ. τι παρακονᾷ [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''6.2.33, cf. ''Oec.''21.3.<br><span class="bld">3</span> of the emotional self, ὑπείργασμαι μὲν εὖ ψυχὴν ἔρωτι E.''Hipp.''505, cf. 527 (lyr.); πάνυ μου ἡ ψ. ἐπεθύμει X.''Oec.''6.14; τίνα ποτὲ ψ. ἔχων; Lys.32.12; <b class="b3">τίν' οἴεσθ' αὐτὴν ψ. ἕξειν, ὅταν ἐμὲ ῒδῃ</b>; how will she feel? D.28.21; <b class="b3">μία ψυχή</b>, [[proverb|prov.]] of friends, [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Nicomachean Ethics|EN]]''1168b7; <b class="b3">ψ. μία ἤστην</b> prob. in Phryn. ''PS''p.128B.; of appetite, ψυχῇ διδόντες ἡδονήν [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[The Persians|Pers.]]''841 ([[si vera lectio|s. v.l.]]), cf. Epich.297, Theocr.16.24; λίχνῳ δὲ ὄντι τὴν ψ. [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 579b; τῷ δὲ ἡ ψ. σῖτον μὲν οὐ προσίετο, διψῆν δ' ἐδόκει [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''8.7.4.<br><span class="bld">4</span> of the moral and intellectual [[self]], ἀπὸ πάμπαν ἀδίκων ἔχειν ψ. Pi.''O.'' 2.70; ψ. τε καὶ [[φρόνημα]] καὶ γνώμην [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Antigone|Ant.]]''176; [[ἀρκεῖν]].. κἀντὶ μυρίων μίαν ψ. τάδ' ἐκτίνουσαν, ἢν εὔνους παρῇ Id.''OC''499; ψ. γὰρ εὔνους καὶ φρονοῦσα τοὔνδικον Id.''Fr.''101; ἡ κακὴ σὴ ψυχή Id.''Ph.''1014; ψυχῆς κατήγορος κακῆς X.''Oec.''20.15, cf. [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 353e; ἡ βουλεύσασα ψυχή Antipho 4.1.7, cf. [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Leges|Lg.]]''873a; <b class="b3">τὸ σῶμα ἀπειρηκὸς ἡ ψ. συνεξέσωσεν.. διὰ τὸ μὴ ξυνειδέναι ἑαυτῇ</b> the [[mind]] [[conscious]] of [[innocence]], Antipho 5.93; τὸ ἐπιμελεῖσθαι καὶ ἄρχειν καὶ βουλεύεσθαι.. ἐσθ' ὅτῳ ἄλλῳ ἢ ψυχῇ δικαίως ἂν ἀποδοῖμεν; [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 353d; τὴν τῆς ψ. ἐπιμέλειαν [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Memorabilia|Mem.]]'' 1.2.4, Isoc.15.304; <b class="b3">τὰ ἐν τῇ ψ. διὰ τὴν παιδείαν ἐγγιγνόμενα</b> ib.290; τῆς ψ. ἐξελθούσης, ἐν ᾗ μόνῃ γίγνεται φρόνησις [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Memorabilia|Mem.]]''1.2.53; νοῦς τε καὶ ψ. [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Cratylus|Cra.]]''400a, cf. ''Phdr.''247c, al.; ἐμπαίει τί μοι ψυχῇ σύνηθες ὄμμα S.''El.''903; ἰδὼν μὲν γνούς τε σῇ ψ., τέκνον E.''Tr.''1171. Phrases:—ἐκ τῆς ψυχῆς φίλος X.''An.''7.7.43; <b class="b3">ἀπὸ τῆς ψ. φιλεῖν</b> with all the [[heart]], [[Theophrastus|Thphr.]] ''[[Characters|Char.]]''17.3; βόσκοιτ' ἐκ ψυχᾶς τὰς ἀμνάδας Theoc.8.35; ὅλῃ τῇ ψ. κεχαρίσθαι τινί [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Memorabilia|Mem.]]''3.11.10; <b class="b3">οὐκ ἐᾷ ἡμᾶς οὐδὲ ψυχῆς λαχεῖν</b> he won't let us call our [[soul]] our own, Phryn.''PS''p.128B.<br><span class="bld">5</span> of animals, <b class="b3">ψ. μεγαλόφρων</b>, of a horse, X.''Eq.''11.1; θηρίων ψ. ἡμεροῦμεν Isoc.2.12; <b class="b3">ψ. χηνός, ὀρτυγίου</b>, Eub.101, Antiph.5.<br><span class="bld">6</span> of inanimate things, πᾶσα πολιτεία ψ. πόλεώς ἐστιν Isoc.12.138, cf. 7.14; ἡ τῶνδε τῶν ἀνδρῶν ἀρετὴ τῆς Ἑλλάδος ἦν ψ. D.60.23; οἷον ψ. ὁ μῦθος τῆς τραγῳδίας Arist.''Po.''1450a38; also of the [[spirit]] of an author, D.H.''Lys.''11.<br><span class="bld">V</span> Philosophical uses:<br><span class="bld">1</span> In the early physicists, of the [[primary]] [[substance]], the [[source]] of [[life]] and [[consciousness]], <b class="b3">ὁρίζονται πάντες</b> (''[[sc.]]'' <b class="b3">οἱ πρότεροι</b>) τὴν ψ. τρισίν, κινήσει, αἰσθήσει, τῷ ἀσωμάτῳ Arist.''de An.'' 405b11; <b class="b3">τὸν λίθον ἔφη [Θαλῆς] ψ. ἔχειν ὅτι τὸν σίδηρον κινεῖ</b>, of the magnet, ib.405a20; <b class="b3">ψυχῇσιν θάνατος ὕδωρ γενέσθαι, ὕδατι δὲ θάνατος γῆν γενέσθαι, ἐκ γῆς δὲ ὕδωρ γίνεται, ἐξ ὕδατος δὲ ψ.</b> (''[[sc.]]'' [[πῦρ]]) Heraclit. 36; ἡ ψ. πνεῦμα Xenoph. ap. D.L.9.19; <b class="b3">καρδία ψυχῆς καὶ αἰσθήσιος [ἀρχά]</b> Philol.13; τοῦτο [ἀὴρ] αὐτοῖς καὶ ψ. ἐστι καὶ [[νόησις]] Diog. Apoll.4; τὴν τῶν ἄλλων ἁπάντων φύσιν οὐ πιστεύεις Ἀναξαγόρᾳ νοῦν καὶ ψ. εἶναι τὴν διακοσμοῦσαν; [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Cratylus|Cra.]]''400a, cf. Arist.''de An.''404a25; <b class="b3">Δημόκριτος πῦρ τι καὶ θερμόν θησιν αὐτὴν</b> (''[[sc.]]'' [[ψυχὴν]]) <b class="b3"> εἶναι</b> ib.404a1, cf. ''Resp.''472a4.<br><span class="bld">2</span> the [[spirit]] of the universe, ψ. εἰς τὸ μέσον [τοῦ κόσμου] θείς Pl.''Ti.''34b, cf. 30b; τὴν τοῦ παντὸς δῆλον ὅτι τοιαύτην εἶναι βούλεται [ὁ Τίμαιος] οἷόν ποτ' ἐστὶν ὁ καλούμενος νοῦς Arist.''de An.''407a3; <b class="b3">ἐν τῷ ὅλῳ τινὲς [τὴν ψ.] μεμεῖχθαί φασιν, ὅθεν ἴσως καὶ Θαλῆς ᾠήθη πάντα πλήρη θεῶν εἶναι</b> ib.411a8; ὁ κόσμος ψ. ἐστὶν ἑαυτοῦ καὶ ἡγεμονικόν Chrysipp.Stoic.2.186; <b class="b3">ψυχὴ [κόσμου]</b> Plu.2.1013e, cf. M.Ant.4.40; ψ. ἐλθοῦσα εἰς σῶμα οὐρανοῦ Plot.5.1.2; τόδε τὸ πᾶν ψ. μίαν ἔχον εἰς πάντα αὐτοῦ μέρη Id.4.4.32; <b class="b3">περὶ ψυχᾶς κόσμου καὶ φύσιος</b>, title of work by Ti.Locr.<br><span class="bld">3</span> In Pl. the immaterial principle of movement and life, ὅταν παρῇ [ψυχὴ] τῷ σώματι, αἴτιόν ἐστι τοῦ ζῆν αὐτῷ [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Cratylus|Cra.]]''399d, cf. ''Def.''411c; [ψυχῆς λόγον ἔχομεν] τὴν δυναμένην αὐτὴν αὑτὴν κινεῖν κίνησιν Id.''Lg.''896a; <b class="b3">μεταβολῆς τε καὶ κινήσεως ἁπάσης αἰτία [ἡ ψυχή] ἅπασιν</b> ib. b, cf. 892c; its presence is requisite for thought, σοφία καὶ νοῦς ἄνευ ψ. οὐκ ἂν γενοίσθην Id.''Phlb.''30c, cf. ''Ti.'' 30b, ''Sph.''249a; defined by Arist. as οὐσία ὡς εἶδος σώματος φυσικοῦ δυνάμει ζωὴν ἔχοντος ''de An.''412a20; <b class="b3">ἐντελέχεια ἡ πρώτη σώματος φυσικοῦ ὀργανικοῦ</b> ib.412b5; the [[tripartite]] [[division]] of ψ., οἱ δὲ περὶ Πλάτωνα καὶ Ἀρχύτας καὶ οἱ λοιποὶ Πυθαγόρειοι τὴν ψ. τριμερῆ ἀποφαίνονται, διαιροῦντες εἰς λογισμὸν καὶ θυμὸν καὶ ἐπιθυμίαν Iamb. ap. Stob.1.49.34, cf. [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 439e sqq.; in Arist. ἡ ψ. τούτοις ὥρισται, θρεπτικῷ, αἰσθητικῷ, διανοητικῷ, κινήσει· πότερον δὲ τοὔτων ἕκαστόν ἐστι ψ. ἢ ψυχῆς μόριον; ''de An.''413b11, cf. ''PA''641b4; ἡ θρεπτικὴ ψ. Id.''de An.''434a22, al.; in the Stoics and Epicureans, <b class="b3">σῶμα ἡ ψ.</b> Zeno and Chrysipp.Stoic.1.38; of the [[scala naturae]], τὰ μὲν ἕξει διοικεῖται, τὰ δὲ φύσει, τὰ δ' ἀλόγῳ ψ., τὰ δὲ καὶ λόγον ἐχούσῃ καὶ διάνοιαν ''Stoic.''2.150, cf. M.Ant.6.14; ἡ ψ. σῶμά ἐστι λεπτομερές.. προσεμφερέστατον πνεύματι θερμοῦ τινα κρᾶσιν ἔχοντι Epicur.''Ep.''1p.19U.; τέλος.. τὸ μήτε [[ἀλγεῖν]] κατὰ σῶμα μήτε ταράττεσθαι κατὰ ψ. Id.''Ep.''3p.64U.; in the Neo-Platonists characterized by discursive thinking, τοὺς λογισμοὺς ψυχῆς εἶναι ἐνεργήματα Plot.1.1.7; related to [[νοῦς]] as image to archetype, <b class="b3">εἰκών τίς ἐστι νοῦ [ψ</b>.] Id.5.1.3; present in entirety in every part, πάρεστι πᾶσα πανταχοῦ ψ. Id.5.1.2, cf. 4.7.5; φύσις ψ. οὖσα, γέννημα ψυχῆς προτέρας Id.3.8.4; animal and vegetable bodies possess οἷον σκιὰν ψυχῆς Id.4.4.18; πᾶν σῶμα.. ψυχῆς μετουσίᾳ κινεῖται ἐξ ἑαυτοῦ καὶ ζῇ διὰ ψυχῆς Procl.''Inst.''20.<br><span class="bld">VI</span> [[butterfly]] or [[moth]], [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Historia Animalium|HA]]''551a14, [[Theophrastus|Thphr.]] ''[[Historia Plantarum|HP]]'' 2.4.4, Plu.2.636c.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[τριπόλιον]], Ps.-Dsc.4.132.<br><span class="bld">VII</span> [[Psyche]], in the allegory of [[Psyche]] and [[Eros]], Apul.''Metam.'' bks. 4-6, Aristophontes ap. Fulg.''Myth.''3.6. (See ancient speculations on the derivation, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Cratylus|Cra.]]''399d-400a, Arist.''de An.''405b29, Chrysipp.Stoic.2.222; Hom. usage gives little support to the derivation from [[ψύχω]] '[[blow]], [[breathe]]'; τὸν δὲ λίπε ψ. Il.5.696 means 'his [[spirit]] left his [[body]]', and so [[λειποψυχέω]] means '[[swoon]]', not '[[become]] [[breathless]]'; ἀπὸ δὲ ψ. ἐκάπυσσε Il.22.467 means 'she gasped out her [[spirit]]', viz. '[[swoon]]ed'; the resemblance of [[ἄμπνυτο]] '[[recover]]ed [[consciousness]]' to [[ἀμπνέω]] '[[recover]] [[breath]]' is deceptive, v. [[ἄμπνυτο]], [[ἔμπνυτο]]: when concrete the Homeric [[ψυχή]] is rather [[warm]] [[blood]] than [[breath]], cf. Il.14.518, 16.505, where the [[ψυχή]] escapes through a [[wound]]; cf. [[ψυχοπότης]], [[ψυχορροφέω]], and S.''El.''786, Ar.''Nu.''712 (v. supr.''1'').)
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|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-02-1403.png Seite 1403]] ἡ, Hauch, Athem, Odem, und weil dieser früh als Zeichen und Bedingung des Lebens erkannt wurde, [[Leben]], Lebenskraft, [[Seele]]; oft bei Hom.: τοῦ δ' [[αὖθι]] λύθη [[ψυχή]] τε [[μένος]] τε Il. 5, 296, u. oft; ψυχὴν Ἄϊδι δώσειν 5, 654; χερσὶν ὺπ' Ἀργείων ψυχὰς ὀλέσαντες 13, 763; τὸν δ' ἔλιπε [[ψυχή]], κατὰ δ' ὀφθαλμῶν κέχυτ' [[ἀχλύς]] 5, 696; Od. 14, 426; ἐπὴν δὴ τόν γε λίπῃ [[ψυχή]] τε καὶ [[αἰών]] Il. 16, 453, wie αἲ γὰρ δὴ ψυχῆς τε καὶ αἰῶνός σε δυναίμην εὖνιν ποιήσας πέμψαι δόμον [[Ἄϊδος]] [[εἴσω]] Od. 9, 523; auch θυμοῦ καὶ ψυχῆς κεκαδών vrbdn, Il. 11, 334, wie Od. 21, 154; ψυχῆς [[ὄλεθρος]], Vernichtung des Lebens, ll. 11, 325; ψυχὴν παρθέμενος, sein Leben daran setzend, wagend, Od. 3, 74. 9, 255, wie αἰεὶ ἐμὴν ψυχὴν παραβαλλόμενος πολεμίζειν Il. 9, 322; περὶ ψυχῆς, ums Leben, zur Rettung oder Erhaltung des Lebens, Od. 9, 423; μάχεσθ αι περὶ ψυχῆς 22, 245, wie θέειν περὶ ψυχῆς Il. 22, 161; τρέχειν περὶ ψυχῆς Her. 7, 37. 9, 37; ὁ περὶ τῆς ψυχῆς [[ἀγών]], Kampf auf Leben und Tod, s. Jac. Ach. Tat. p. 896; οὓς (ἀγῶνας) περὶ τῆς ψυχῆς ἀγωνίζεσθε Dem. 18, 262; κινδυνεύειν περὶ τῆς ψυχῆς Thuc. 8, 50; τῆς ψυχῆς πρίασθαί τι, Etwas mit seinem Leben erkaufen, Xen. Cyr. 3, 1,36; τὴν ψυχήν τινος ζημιοῦσθαι, an Jemandes Leben, d. i. dadurch gestraft werden, daß einem Andern das Leben genommen wird, Her. 7, 39; ποινὴν τῆς Αἰσώπου ψυχῆς ἀνελέσθαι, Rache nehmen für das dem Aesop genommene Leben, 2, 134; so auch Pind.: ἀπὸ ψυχὰν λιπών P. 3, 101; ἀπέπνευσεν ψυχάς N. 1, 47, vgl. Ol. 8, 39 N. 9, 32; ψυχὴν Ἀΐδᾳ τελέων I. 1, 68; οὐκ ἐᾷ ἡμᾶς οὐδὲ ψυχῆς [[λαχεῖν]], das Leben genießen, seiner froh werden, van einem Menschen, der uns plagt und ängstigt, Phryn. in B. A. 73; τὰς [[πάνυ]] πολλὰς ψυχὰς ὀλέσασ' ὑπὸ Τροίᾳ Aesch. Ag. 1432, vgl. 1445; ὡς ἔλεξα τῆς ἐμῆς περὶ ψυχῆς Eum. 115; τῶνδε γὰρ [[πλέον]] [[φέρω]] [[πένθος]] ἢ καὶ τῆς ἐμῆς ψυχῆς πέρι Soph. O. R. 94; ἐπ' ἀργύρῳ γε τὴν ψυχὴν προδούς Ant. 322; ἐκπνέων ψυχὴν ἐμήν Eur. Gr. 1163; ψυχὴν δώσω τῆσδ' ὑπερθανεῖν χθονός Phoen. 1005; ψυχὴν [[σέθεν]] ἔκτεινε Troad. 1214, u. öfter; φιλῶ τὴν ἐμὴν ψυχήν Ar. Ach. 338; τὸν περὶ ψυχῆς δρόμον [[δραμεῖν]] Vesp. 376; ψυχὴν ἐκπίνειν, das Blut aussaugen, Nubb. 703; τῆς ψυχῆς ἀποστερεῖν τινα Thuc. 1, 136; σώζειν τὰς ψυχάς Xen. Cyr. 4, 1,5. – Auch vom Leben der Tiere, Hes. Sc. 173. – Dieser Lebenshauch, der im Tode erlischt, geht nach der Vorstellung der Alten in die Unterwelt, dort mit einem Schattenkörper (der nicht mit Händen zu greifen ist, Od. 11, 207) verbunden, ohne den denkenden Geist (vgl. [[φρήν]]); dah. [[ψυχή]] die[[ Seele des Abgeschiedenen]] in der Unterwelt; ψυχαὶ δ' Ἄϊδόσδε κατῆλθον Il. 7, 330, wie Od. 10, 560. 11, 65; u. noch genauer beschrieben: ἀνδρὸς δὲ ψυχὴ [[πάλιν]] [[ἐλθεῖν]] [[οὔτε]] λεϊστή, οὔθ' ἑλετή, ἐπεὶ ἄρ κεν ἀμείψεται [[ἕρκος]] ὀδόντων, Il. 9, 408; ψυχὴ δὲ κατ' οὐταμένην ὠτειλὴν ἔσσυτ' ἐπενγομένη 14, 518, wo die Seele also mit dem Blute entströmt; vgl. [[τοῖο]] δ' ἅμα ψυχήν τε καὶ ἔγχεος ἐξέρυσ' αἰχμήν 16, 505; 23, 104 ἦ ῥά [[τίς]] ἐστι καὶ εἰν Ἀΐδαο δόμοισιν ψυχὴ καὶ [[εἴδωλον]]· ἀτὰρ φρένες οὐκ ἔνι [[πάμπαν]]; vgl. 72, wo ausdrücklich bemerkt ist, daß der Schatten vollkommen die Gestalt dessen behielt, dem er im Leben angehört hatte; oft in Od. 11, u. 24, 1 ff.; vgl. noch Il. 1, 3 Od. 14, 134; so auch Tragg., wie Aesch. Pers. 622 Soph. O. C. 1003. – Auch ein [[Schmetterling]], eine [[Motte]], die man als Sinnbild des Lebens und der Unsterblichkeit der Seele brauchte, wegen der Verwandlung aus einer Raupe und Puppe, Arist. H. A. 4, 7. – Der abstrakte Begriff der Seele entwickelt sich seit Her., ἀνθρώπ ου ψυχὴ ἀθάνατός ἐστι 2, 123; Plat. Phaedr. 245 c Prot. 313 a u. öfter. – [[Seele]], [[Herz]], als Sitz des Willens, der Begierden und der Leidenschaften, Gesinnung, Gemüth, Her. 3, 14; auch = Muth, τὴν ψυχὴν [[πονηρός]], ἐν ναυμαχίᾳ, Lys. 20, 14; [[οἷος]] ἦν τὴν ψυχήν ib. 24; ἐκ τῆς ψυχῆς, aus innerster Seele, von ganzem Herzen, [[τίνα]] οἴεσθέ με τὴν ψυχὴν ἔχειν, wie glaubt ihr, daß mir zu Muthe ist, Dem. 28, 21. – Sinnliche Neigung, Appetit, ἡ ψυχὴ οὐ προσίεται [[σῖτον]] Xen. Cyr. 8, 7,4; – δοῦναί τι τῇ ψυχῇ, der Neigung, dem Hange wozu folgen, nachgeben, ψυχῇ διδόντες ἡδονὴν καθ' ἡμέραν Aesch. Pers. 827 (vgl. Theocr. 16, 24); ἐκμαθεῖν ἀνδρὸς ψυχήν τε καὶ [[φρόνημα]] καὶ γνώμην Soph. Ant. 176; ἐν τοῖσιν ὠσὶν ἢ 'πὶ τῇ ψυχῇ δάκνει 317, u. öfter; τίν' ἔχεις ψυχήν Eur. Or. 525; ἀρσένων μείζονες ψυχαί Suppl. 1103; τῶν γερόντων [[οἶδα]] τὰς ψυχάς Ar. Ach. 353; ψυχὴν ἐμπλησάμενος Διοπείθους Vesp. 380; ταῖς ψυχαῖς παρεσκευασμένοι Xen. Cyr. 2, 1,11; ἥ μου ψυχὴ παρεσκεύασται, ich will, bin bereit, 5, 1,26; ἐκ τῆς ψυχῆς [[φίλος]], ein wahrer Freund, An. 7, 7,43; ὅλῃ τῇ ψυχῇ Mem. 3, 11, 18. – Auch Geist, Verstand, Her. 5, 124; τῇ ψυχῇ τοῦτ' οἶδε Dem. 21, 221. – In der Anrede, [[φίλη]] [[ψυχή]], liebe Seele, ὧ ἀγαθὴ καὶ πιστὴ [[ψυχή]] Xen. Cyr. 7, 3,8.
|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-02-1403.png Seite 1403]] ἡ, Hauch, Athem, Odem, und weil dieser früh als Zeichen und Bedingung des Lebens erkannt wurde, [[Leben]], Lebenskraft, [[Seele]]; oft bei Hom.: τοῦ δ' [[αὖθι]] λύθη [[ψυχή]] τε [[μένος]] τε Il. 5, 296, u. oft; ψυχὴν Ἄϊδι δώσειν 5, 654; χερσὶν ὺπ' Ἀργείων ψυχὰς ὀλέσαντες 13, 763; τὸν δ' ἔλιπε [[ψυχή]], κατὰ δ' ὀφθαλμῶν κέχυτ' [[ἀχλύς]] 5, 696; Od. 14, 426; ἐπὴν δὴ τόν γε λίπῃ [[ψυχή]] τε καὶ [[αἰών]] Il. 16, 453, wie αἲ γὰρ δὴ ψυχῆς τε καὶ αἰῶνός σε δυναίμην εὖνιν ποιήσας πέμψαι δόμον [[Ἄϊδος]] [[εἴσω]] Od. 9, 523; auch θυμοῦ καὶ ψυχῆς κεκαδών vrbdn, Il. 11, 334, wie Od. 21, 154; ψυχῆς [[ὄλεθρος]], Vernichtung des Lebens, ll. 11, 325; ψυχὴν παρθέμενος, sein Leben daran setzend, wagend, Od. 3, 74. 9, 255, wie αἰεὶ ἐμὴν ψυχὴν παραβαλλόμενος πολεμίζειν Il. 9, 322; περὶ ψυχῆς, ums Leben, zur Rettung oder Erhaltung des Lebens, Od. 9, 423; μάχεσθ αι περὶ ψυχῆς 22, 245, wie θέειν περὶ ψυχῆς Il. 22, 161; τρέχειν περὶ ψυχῆς Her. 7, 37. 9, 37; ὁ περὶ τῆς ψυχῆς [[ἀγών]], Kampf auf Leben und Tod, s. Jac. Ach. Tat. p. 896; οὓς (ἀγῶνας) περὶ τῆς ψυχῆς ἀγωνίζεσθε Dem. 18, 262; κινδυνεύειν περὶ τῆς ψυχῆς Thuc. 8, 50; τῆς ψυχῆς πρίασθαί τι, Etwas mit seinem Leben erkaufen, Xen. Cyr. 3, 1,36; τὴν ψυχήν τινος ζημιοῦσθαι, an Jemandes Leben, d. i. dadurch gestraft werden, daß einem Andern das Leben genommen wird, Her. 7, 39; ποινὴν τῆς Αἰσώπου ψυχῆς ἀνελέσθαι, Rache nehmen für das dem Aesop genommene Leben, 2, 134; so auch Pind.: ἀπὸ ψυχὰν λιπών P. 3, 101; ἀπέπνευσεν ψυχάς N. 1, 47, vgl. Ol. 8, 39 N. 9, 32; ψυχὴν Ἀΐδᾳ τελέων I. 1, 68; οὐκ ἐᾷ ἡμᾶς οὐδὲ ψυχῆς [[λαχεῖν]], das Leben genießen, seiner froh werden, van einem Menschen, der uns plagt und ängstigt, Phryn. in B. A. 73; τὰς [[πάνυ]] πολλὰς ψυχὰς ὀλέσασ' ὑπὸ Τροίᾳ Aesch. Ag. 1432, vgl. 1445; ὡς ἔλεξα τῆς ἐμῆς περὶ ψυχῆς Eum. 115; τῶνδε γὰρ [[πλέον]] [[φέρω]] [[πένθος]] ἢ καὶ τῆς ἐμῆς ψυχῆς πέρι Soph. O. R. 94; ἐπ' ἀργύρῳ γε τὴν ψυχὴν προδούς Ant. 322; ἐκπνέων ψυχὴν ἐμήν Eur. Gr. 1163; ψυχὴν δώσω τῆσδ' ὑπερθανεῖν χθονός Phoen. 1005; ψυχὴν [[σέθεν]] ἔκτεινε Troad. 1214, u. öfter; φιλῶ τὴν ἐμὴν ψυχήν Ar. Ach. 338; τὸν περὶ ψυχῆς δρόμον [[δραμεῖν]] Vesp. 376; ψυχὴν ἐκπίνειν, das Blut aussaugen, Nubb. 703; τῆς ψυχῆς ἀποστερεῖν τινα Thuc. 1, 136; σώζειν τὰς ψυχάς Xen. Cyr. 4, 1,5. – Auch vom Leben der Tiere, Hes. Sc. 173. – Dieser Lebenshauch, der im Tode erlischt, geht nach der Vorstellung der Alten in die Unterwelt, dort mit einem Schattenkörper (der nicht mit Händen zu greifen ist, Od. 11, 207) verbunden, ohne den denkenden Geist (vgl. [[φρήν]]); dah. [[ψυχή]] die [[Seele des Abgeschiedenen]] in der Unterwelt; ψυχαὶ δ' Ἄϊδόσδε κατῆλθον Il. 7, 330, wie Od. 10, 560. 11, 65; u. noch genauer beschrieben: ἀνδρὸς δὲ ψυχὴ [[πάλιν]] [[ἐλθεῖν]] [[οὔτε]] λεϊστή, οὔθ' ἑλετή, ἐπεὶ ἄρ κεν ἀμείψεται [[ἕρκος]] ὀδόντων, Il. 9, 408; ψυχὴ δὲ κατ' οὐταμένην ὠτειλὴν ἔσσυτ' ἐπενγομένη 14, 518, wo die Seele also mit dem Blute entströmt; vgl. [[τοῖο]] δ' ἅμα ψυχήν τε καὶ ἔγχεος ἐξέρυσ' αἰχμήν 16, 505; 23, 104 ἦ ῥά [[τίς]] ἐστι καὶ εἰν Ἀΐδαο δόμοισιν ψυχὴ καὶ [[εἴδωλον]]· ἀτὰρ φρένες οὐκ ἔνι [[πάμπαν]]; vgl. 72, wo ausdrücklich bemerkt ist, daß der Schatten vollkommen die Gestalt dessen behielt, dem er im Leben angehört hatte; oft in Od. 11, u. 24, 1 ff.; vgl. noch Il. 1, 3 Od. 14, 134; so auch Tragg., wie Aesch. Pers. 622 Soph. O. C. 1003. – Auch ein [[Schmetterling]], eine [[Motte]], die man als Sinnbild des Lebens und der Unsterblichkeit der Seele brauchte, wegen der Verwandlung aus einer Raupe und Puppe, Arist. H. A. 4, 7. – Der abstrakte Begriff der Seele entwickelt sich seit Her., ἀνθρώπ ου ψυχὴ ἀθάνατός ἐστι 2, 123; Plat. Phaedr. 245 c Prot. 313 a u. öfter. – [[Seele]], [[Herz]], als Sitz des Willens, der Begierden und der Leidenschaften, Gesinnung, Gemüth, Her. 3, 14; auch = Muth, τὴν ψυχὴν [[πονηρός]], ἐν ναυμαχίᾳ, Lys. 20, 14; [[οἷος]] ἦν τὴν ψυχήν ib. 24; ἐκ τῆς ψυχῆς, aus innerster Seele, von ganzem Herzen, [[τίνα]] οἴεσθέ με τὴν ψυχὴν ἔχειν, wie glaubt ihr, daß mir zu Muthe ist, Dem. 28, 21. – Sinnliche Neigung, Appetit, ἡ ψυχὴ οὐ προσίεται [[σῖτον]] Xen. Cyr. 8, 7,4; – δοῦναί τι τῇ ψυχῇ, der Neigung, dem Hange wozu folgen, nachgeben, ψυχῇ διδόντες ἡδονὴν καθ' ἡμέραν Aesch. Pers. 827 (vgl. Theocr. 16, 24); ἐκμαθεῖν ἀνδρὸς ψυχήν τε καὶ [[φρόνημα]] καὶ γνώμην Soph. Ant. 176; ἐν τοῖσιν ὠσὶν ἢ 'πὶ τῇ ψυχῇ δάκνει 317, u. öfter; τίν' ἔχεις ψυχήν Eur. Or. 525; ἀρσένων μείζονες ψυχαί Suppl. 1103; τῶν γερόντων [[οἶδα]] τὰς ψυχάς Ar. Ach. 353; ψυχὴν ἐμπλησάμενος Διοπείθους Vesp. 380; ταῖς ψυχαῖς παρεσκευασμένοι Xen. Cyr. 2, 1,11; ἥ μου ψυχὴ παρεσκεύασται, ich will, bin bereit, 5, 1,26; ἐκ τῆς ψυχῆς [[φίλος]], ein wahrer Freund, An. 7, 7,43; ὅλῃ τῇ ψυχῇ Mem. 3, 11, 18. – Auch Geist, Verstand, Her. 5, 124; τῇ ψυχῇ τοῦτ' οἶδε Dem. 21, 221. – In der Anrede, [[φίλη]] [[ψυχή]], liebe Seele, ὧ ἀγαθὴ καὶ πιστὴ [[ψυχή]] Xen. Cyr. 7, 3,8.
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{{elmes
|esmgtx=ἡ 1 [[alma]] de un dios ἔστι δὲ τὸ ὄνομα τῆς ψυχῆς τοῦ θεοῦ <b class="b3">éste es el nombre del alma del dios</b> P III 417 de un muerto πέμψον δὲ Ἐρινύν ... ψυχὰς καμόντων ἐξεγείρουσαν πυρί <b class="b3">envía a Erinia, que despierta con fuego las almas de los que han muerto</b> P IV 1419 ἄξον ὧδε Ταπιάδαν, ... διὰ τῆς ψυχῆς τοῦ ἀώρου, Βακαξιχυχ <b class="b3">conduce aquí a Tapias por medio del alma del muerto prematuro, Bakaxicuc</b> SM 44 14 2 [[imagen de Psique]] modelada Uuχὴν τέλεσον ταὐτὸν ὡς Ἔρωτα <b class="b3">realiza una figura de Psique como la de Eros</b> P XII 20 3 [[sexo]] de una mujer, en prácticas eróticas ἄγε μοι τὴν δεῖνα ... καιομένην τὴν ψυχὴν καὶ τὴν καρδίαν, ταχὺ, ταχύ <b class="b3">tráeme a fulana con su sexo y su corazón encendidos, rápido, rápido</b> P VII 472 P XXXIIa 9 P XXXIIa 15 ἕλκε τὴν Ματρῶναν τῶν τριχῶν, τῶν σπλά<γ>χνων, τῆς ψυχῆς, τῆς καρδίας <b class="b3">arrastra a Matrona por el pelo, las entrañas, por su sexo, por su corazón</b> SM 50 64 en otras prácticas ἐπίθες (τὸ πιττάκιον) ἐπὶ τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτῆς καὶ ἐπερώτα <b class="b3">pon la hoja de papiro sobre su sexo y pregúntale</b> P VII 414  
|esmgtx=ἡ 1 [[alma]] de un dios ἔστι δὲ τὸ ὄνομα τῆς ψυχῆς τοῦ θεοῦ <b class="b3">éste es el nombre del alma del dios</b> P III 417 de un muerto πέμψον δὲ Ἐρινύν ... ψυχὰς καμόντων ἐξεγείρουσαν πυρί <b class="b3">envía a Erinia, que despierta con fuego las almas de los que han muerto</b> P IV 1419 ἄξον ὧδε Ταπιάδαν, ... διὰ τῆς ψυχῆς τοῦ ἀώρου, Βακαξιχυχ <b class="b3">conduce aquí a Tapias por medio del alma del muerto prematuro, Bakaxicuc</b> SM 44 14 2 [[imagen de Psique]] modelada Uuχὴν τέλεσον ταὐτὸν ὡς Ἔρωτα <b class="b3">realiza una figura de Psique como la de Eros</b> P XII 20 3 [[sexo]] de una mujer, en prácticas eróticas ἄγε μοι τὴν δεῖνα ... καιομένην τὴν ψυχὴν καὶ τὴν καρδίαν, ταχὺ, ταχύ <b class="b3">tráeme a fulana con su sexo y su corazón encendidos, rápido, rápido</b> P VII 472 P XXXIIa 9 P XXXIIa 15 ἕλκε τὴν Ματρῶναν τῶν τριχῶν, τῶν σπλά<γ>χνων, τῆς ψυχῆς, τῆς καρδίας <b class="b3">arrastra a Matrona por el pelo, las entrañas, por su sexo, por su corazón</b> SM 50 64 en otras prácticas ἐπίθες (τὸ πιττάκιον) ἐπὶ τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτῆς καὶ ἐπερώτα <b class="b3">pon la hoja de papiro sobre su sexo y pregúntale</b> P VII 414  
}}
{{lxth
|lthtxt=''[[anima]]'', [[breath]], [[life]], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:1.136.3/ 1.136.3], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:3.39.8/ 3.39.8], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:8.50.5/ 8.50.5],<br>''[[animus]]'', [[mind]], [[spirit]], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:2.40.3/ 2.40.3].
}}
}}
{{trml
{{trml
|trtx====[[life]]===
|trtx====[[life]]===
Abkhaz: аҟазаара; Adyghe: щыӏэныгъ, гъашӏэ; Afrikaans: lewe; Akkadian: 𒍣; Albanian: jetë, roni; Amharic: ህይወት; Amis: 'orip; Apache Western Apache: ʼihiʼda; Arabic: حَيَاة‎; Egyptian Arabic: حياة‎; Aramaic Hebrew: חיא‎; Syriac: ܚܝܐ‎; Armenian: կյանք; Aromanian: banã, yeatsã, etã; Assamese: জীউ, জীৱন, জান, পৰাণ; Asturian: vida; Ateso: akijara; Avar: гӏумру; Avestan: 𐬔𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬊‎; Aymara: jakaña, jaka; Azerbaijani: həyat, yaşam, dirim, ömür, can; Balinese: ᬚᬶᬯ; Bashkir: тормош, ғүмер; Basque: bizi, bizitza; Belarusian: жыццё, жыцьцё; Bengali: জীবন; Berber Tashelhit: tudrt; Bhojpuri: जीवन; Bikol Central: buhay; Bonggi: nyawa; Breton: buhez; Bulgarian: живот; Burmese: အသက်, ဇီဝ, ဇာတ်; Buryat: амин, амидарал, ажамидарал; Catalan: vida; Cebuano: kinabuhi; Chechen: дахар, са; Cherokee: ᎥᎴᏂᏙᎲ; Chichewa: moyo; Chinese Cantonese: 生命, 生活; Dungan: сынхуә, вумур; Hakka: 生命, 生活; Mandarin: 生命, 生活; Min Dong: 生命, 生活; Min Nan: 性命, 生活; Wu: 生命, 生活; Chukchi: ягтаԓгыргын; Chuukese: manau; Chuvash: пурнӑҫ; Classical Nahuatl: yōliliztli, nemiliztli; Coptic: ⲱⲛϧ, ⲱⲛϩ; Cornish: bewnans, bownans, bêwnans, bôwnans; Corsican: vita; Crimean Tatar: ayat; Czech: život, žití; Dalmatian: vaita; Danish: liv; Dhivehi: ޙަޔާތު‎; Dongxiang: amin; Dutch: [[leven]]; Eastern Mari: илыш; Elfdalian: liv; Erzya: эрямо; Esperanto: vivo, vivado; Estonian: elu; Ewe: agbe; Faroese: lív, ævi; Fiji Hindi: jindagi; Fijian: bula; Finnish: elämä, henki, nirri, elo; Franco-Provençal: via; French: [[vie]]; Friulian: vite; Fula: nguurndam; Gagauz: ömür; Galician: vida; Garifuna: ibagari; Georgian: სიცოცხლე, ცხოვრება; German: [[Leben]]; Alemannic German: Läbe; Pennsylvania German: Lewe; Gothic: 𐌻𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃; Greek: [[ζωή]], [[βίος]]; Ancient Greek: [[ζωή]], [[βίος]], [[ψυχή]]; Greenlandic: inuuneq; Gujarati: જીવન, જિંદગી; Haitian Creole: lavi; Hausa: rai; Hawaiian: ola; Hebrew: חַיִּים‎; Higaonon: gahinawa; Hiligaynon: kabuhi; Hindi: ज़िंदगी, जीवन, हयात, जी, प्राण, जीना, लाइफ, जीव, जीवित, जान, उमर; Hopi: qatsi; Hungarian: élet; Hunsrik: Leve; Icelandic: líf, fjör, lífdagar, ævi; Ido: vivo; Igbo: ndụ; Ilocano: biag; Indonesian: hidup; Ingrian: elo; Interlingua: vita; Inupiaq: iñuggun, iñuułiq; Irish: saol, beatha, beo; Istriot: veîta; Italian: [[vita]]; Itelmen: соњԓэс; Japanese: 命, 生命, 人生, 生存; Javanese: urip, nyawa, umur; Kabardian: гъащӏэ; Kannada: ಜೀವನ, ಪ್ರಾಣ, ಜೀವ; Kaqchikel: k'aslemal; Karachay-Balkar: джашау; Karelian: eländy; Kashubian: żëcé, żëwòt; Kazakh: өмір, тұрмыс; Khakas: чуртас; Khmer: ជីវិត, ជីព, ជន្មា, ឋិតិ; Kikuyu: muoyo Komi-Permyak: олӧм; Korean: 생명(生命), 삶, 생활(生活); Kumyk: оьмюр; Kunigami: 命; Kurdish Central Kurdish: ژین‎; Northern Kurdish: jiyan; Kyrgyz: өмүр, турмуш, жашоо; Ladin: vita; Ladino: vida; Lakota: wičhóni; Lao: ຊີວິດ; Latgalian: dzeive; Latin: [[anima]], [[vita]], [[lux]]; Latvian: dzīve, mūžs; Lezgi: уьмуьр, ччан; Limburgish: laeve; Lingala: bomɔi 14; Lithuanian: gyvenimas, gyvybė; Low German German Low German: Lȩben, Läwen, Lewen, Liäwen, Lewend; Liiw; Lule Sami: iellem; Luo: ngima; Luxembourgish: Liewen; Macedonian: живот, живеење, живеачка; Malagasy: fahavelomana; Malay: hidup, kehidupan, nyawa, hayat; Malayalam: ജീവിതം; Maltese: ħajja; Manchu: ᡝᡵᡤᡝᠨ, ᠰᡠᡵᡝ; ᡶᠠᠶᠠᠩᡤᠠ; Mandaic: ࡄࡉࡉࡀ‎; Manx: bea; Maori: koiora, ora; Mapudungun: mogen; Maquiritari: wenñö; Maranao: niyawa; Marathi: जीवन; Mbyá Guaraní: eko; Mingrelian: თელარა; Mirandese: bida; Miyako: 命; Mizo: nunna, damchhûng; Moksha: эряф; Mon: လမျီူ, ဂယိုၚ်; Mongolian Cyrillic: амь, амьдрал; Mòcheno: lem; Nahuatl: yōliztli, yolistli, nemiliztli; Navajo: iiná; Neapolitan: vita; Nepali: जीवन, जिन्दगी; Nganasan: нилу; Ngazidja Comorian: hayati, maesha; North Frisian: laawen; Northern Catanduanes Bicolano: buhay; Northern Sami: eallin, heagga; Northern Yukaghir: эдьил; Norwegian Bokmål: liv; Nynorsk: liv; Occitan: vida; Ojibwe: bimaadiziwin; Okinawan: 命; Old Church Slavonic Cyrillic: животъ, жизнь, жить, житьѥ; Old East Slavic: жизнь, животъ; Old English: līf; Old Javanese: hurip; Old South Arabian: 𐩢𐩺𐩥‎; Oriya: ଜୀବନ; Oromo: jiruu, lubbuu; Oroqen: bardilga; Oscan: 𐌁𐌉𐌉𐌕𐌀𐌌; Ossetian: цард; Pali: jīvita; Papiamentu: bida; Pashto: ژوند‎, حيات‎; Persian: زندگی‎, زنده‎, حیات‎, زیست‎, زندگانی‎; Polabian: zaivăt; Polish: życie, żywot; Portuguese: [[vida]]; Punjabi: ਜੀਵਨ; Quechua: kawsay; Romani: trajo, ʒivipen, ʒivimos, ʒivibo; Romanian: viață; Romansch: vita; Russian: [[жизнь]], [[житие]], [[живот]], [[житьё]]; Rusyn: жывот; Rwanda-Rundi: ubuzima 14; Sanskrit: जीवन, जीवित, आयु; Santali: ᱪᱳᱞᱚ; Sardinian: bida, vida; Campidanese: vida; Logudorese: bida; Scottish Gaelic: beatha, saoghal; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: жѝвот; Roman: žìvot; Shan: ဢသၢၵ်ႈ; Sherpa: ཚེ; Shor: чадығ; Siar-Lak: lalaun; Sicilian: vita; Sidamo: heeshsho; Sindhi: چِٺيِ‎, خَطُ‎; Sinhalese: ජීවිතය, ජීවය; Slovak: život; Slovene: življenje; Sorbian Lower Sorbian: žywjenje; Upper Sorbian: žiwjenje; Southern Altai: јӱрӱм, ӧмӱр; Southern Amami-Oshima: 命; Spanish: [[vida]]; Sumerian: 𒍣; Sundanese: ᮠᮤᮛᮥᮕ᮪; Svan: ლიდრე; Swahili: uhai, maisha; Swedish: liv, levnad; Tagalog: buhay; Tajik: ҳаёт, зиндагӣ, зиндагонӣ; Tamil: உயிர், வாழ்க்கை; Tatar: тереклек, тормыш, гомер; Telugu: జీవితము, ప్రాణము, ఉసురు, జీవము; Tetum: vida; Thai: ชีวิต; Tibetan: ཚེ, ཚེ་སྲོག; Tigrinya: ሂወት; Tocharian B: śaul; Tofa: олут; Tok Pisin: laip; Tsonga: vutomi 14; Tswana: botshelô 14; Turkish: yaşam, hayat, ömür, dirim; Turkmen: durmuş, ýaşaýyş, ömür; Tzotzil: kuxlejal; Udmurt: улон; Ugaritic: 𐎈𐎊𐎚; Ukrainian: життя; Urdu: زندگی‎, جیون‎, حیات‎, آربل‎; Uyghur: ھايات‎; Uzbek: hayot, umr, turmush; Venetian: vita; Veps: elo; Vietnamese: sự sống, cuộc sống, sinh mệnh, sinh mạng; Vilamovian: łaowa; Votic: elo; Vurës: ēs; Võro: elo; Walloon: veye; Waray-Waray: kinabuhi; Welsh: bywyd; West Frisian: libben; White Hmong: txoj sia; Yakut: олох; Yiddish: לעבן‎, חיים‎; Yonaguni: 命; Yola: lief; Zazaki: heyat, cıwayış; Zhuang: sengmingh, mingh, ndwenngoenz; Zulu: ukuphila, impilo
Abkhaz: аҟазаара; Adyghe: щыӏэныгъ, гъашӏэ; Afrikaans: lewe; Akkadian: 𒍣; Albanian: jetë, roni; Amharic: ህይወት; Amis: 'orip; Apache Western Apache: ʼihiʼda; Arabic: حَيَاة‎; Egyptian Arabic: حياة‎; Aramaic Hebrew: חיא‎; Syriac: ܚܝܐ‎; Armenian: կյանք; Aromanian: banã, yeatsã, etã; Assamese: জীউ, জীৱন, জান, পৰাণ; Asturian: vida; Ateso: akijara; Avar: гӏумру; Avestan: 𐬔𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬊‎; Aymara: jakaña, jaka; Azerbaijani: həyat, yaşam, dirim, ömür, can; Balinese: ᬚᬶᬯ; Bashkir: тормош, ғүмер; Basque: bizi, bizitza; Belarusian: жыццё, жыцьцё; Bengali: জীবন; Berber Tashelhit: tudrt; Bhojpuri: जीवन; Bikol Central: buhay; Bonggi: nyawa; Breton: buhez; Bulgarian: живот; Burmese: အသက်, ဇီဝ, ဇာတ်; Buryat: амин, амидарал, ажамидарал; Catalan: vida; Cebuano: kinabuhi; Chechen: дахар, са; Cherokee: ᎥᎴᏂᏙᎲ; Chichewa: moyo; Chinese Cantonese: 生命, 生活; Dungan: сынхуә, вумур; Hakka: 生命, 生活; Mandarin: 生命, 生活; Min Dong: 生命, 生活; Min Nan: 性命, 生活; Wu: 生命, 生活; Chukchi: ягтаԓгыргын; Chuukese: manau; Chuvash: пурнӑҫ; Classical Nahuatl: yōliliztli, nemiliztli; Coptic: ⲱⲛϧ, ⲱⲛϩ; Cornish: bewnans, bownans, bêwnans, bôwnans; Corsican: vita; Crimean Tatar: ayat; Czech: život, žití; Dalmatian: vaita; Danish: liv; Dhivehi: ޙަޔާތު‎; Dongxiang: amin; Dutch: [[leven]]; Eastern Mari: илыш; Elfdalian: liv; Erzya: эрямо; Esperanto: vivo, vivado; Estonian: elu; Ewe: agbe; Faroese: lív, ævi; Fiji Hindi: jindagi; Fijian: bula; Finnish: elämä, henki, nirri, elo; Franco-Provençal: via; French: [[vie]]; Friulian: vite; Fula: nguurndam; Gagauz: ömür; Galician: vida; Garifuna: ibagari; Georgian: სიცოცხლე, ცხოვრება; German: [[Leben]]; Alemannic German: Läbe; Pennsylvania German: Lewe; Gothic: 𐌻𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃; Greek: [[ζωή]], [[βίος]]; Ancient Greek: [[ζωή]], [[βίος]], [[ψυχή]]; Greenlandic: inuuneq; Gujarati: જીવન, જિંદગી; Haitian Creole: lavi; Hausa: rai; Hawaiian: ola; Hebrew: חַיִּים‎; Higaonon: gahinawa; Hiligaynon: kabuhi; Hindi: ज़िंदगी, जीवन, हयात, जी, प्राण, जीना, लाइफ, जीव, जीवित, जान, उमर; Hopi: qatsi; Hungarian: élet; Hunsrik: Leve; Icelandic: líf, fjör, lífdagar, ævi; Ido: vivo; Igbo: ndụ; Ilocano: biag; Indonesian: hidup; Ingrian: elo; Interlingua: vita; Inupiaq: iñuggun, iñuułiq; Irish: saol, beatha, beo; Istriot: veîta; Italian: [[vita]]; Itelmen: соњԓэс; Japanese: 命, 生命, 人生, 生存; Javanese: urip, nyawa, umur; Kabardian: гъащӏэ; Kannada: ಜೀವನ, ಪ್ರಾಣ, ಜೀವ; Kaqchikel: k'aslemal; Karachay-Balkar: джашау; Karelian: eländy; Kashubian: żëcé, żëwòt; Kazakh: өмір, тұрмыс; Khakas: чуртас; Khmer: ជីវិត, ជីព, ជន្មា, ឋិតិ; Kikuyu: muoyo Komi-Permyak: олӧм; Korean: 생명(生命), 삶, 생활(生活); Kumyk: оьмюр; Kunigami: 命; Kurdish Central Kurdish: ژین‎; Northern Kurdish: jiyan; Kyrgyz: өмүр, турмуш, жашоо; Ladin: vita; Ladino: vida; Lakota: wičhóni; Lao: ຊີວິດ; Latgalian: dzeive; Latin: [[anima]], [[vita]], [[lux]]; Latvian: dzīve, mūžs; Lezgi: уьмуьр, ччан; Limburgish: laeve; Lingala: bomɔi 14; Lithuanian: gyvenimas, gyvybė; Low German: Lȩben, Läwen, Lewen, Liäwen, Lewend; Liiw; Lule Sami: iellem; Luo: ngima; Luxembourgish: Liewen; Macedonian: живот, живеење, живеачка; Malagasy: fahavelomana; Malay: hidup, kehidupan, nyawa, hayat; Malayalam: ജീവിതം; Maltese: ħajja; Manchu: ᡝᡵᡤᡝᠨ, ᠰᡠᡵᡝ; ᡶᠠᠶᠠᠩᡤᠠ; Mandaic: ࡄࡉࡉࡀ‎; Manx: bea; Maori: koiora, ora; Mapudungun: mogen; Maquiritari: wenñö; Maranao: niyawa; Marathi: जीवन; Mbyá Guaraní: eko; Mingrelian: თელარა; Mirandese: bida; Miyako: 命; Mizo: nunna, damchhûng; Moksha: эряф; Mon: လမျီူ, ဂယိုၚ်; Mongolian Cyrillic: амь, амьдрал; Mòcheno: lem; Nahuatl: yōliztli, yolistli, nemiliztli; Navajo: iiná; Neapolitan: vita; Nepali: जीवन, जिन्दगी; Nganasan: нилу; Ngazidja Comorian: hayati, maesha; North Frisian: laawen; Northern Catanduanes Bicolano: buhay; Northern Sami: eallin, heagga; Northern Yukaghir: эдьил; Norwegian Bokmål: liv; Nynorsk: liv; Occitan: vida; Ojibwe: bimaadiziwin; Okinawan: 命; Old Church Slavonic Cyrillic: животъ, жизнь, жить, житьѥ; Old East Slavic: жизнь, животъ; Old English: līf; Old Javanese: hurip; Old South Arabian: 𐩢𐩺𐩥‎; Oriya: ଜୀବନ; Oromo: jiruu, lubbuu; Oroqen: bardilga; Oscan: 𐌁𐌉𐌉𐌕𐌀𐌌; Ossetian: цард; Pali: jīvita; Papiamentu: bida; Pashto: ژوند‎, حيات‎; Persian: زندگی‎, زنده‎, حیات‎, زیست‎, زندگانی‎; Polabian: zaivăt; Polish: życie, żywot; Portuguese: [[vida]]; Punjabi: ਜੀਵਨ; Quechua: kawsay; Romani: trajo, ʒivipen, ʒivimos, ʒivibo; Romanian: viață; Romansch: vita; Russian: [[жизнь]], [[житие]], [[живот]], [[житьё]]; Rusyn: жывот; Rwanda-Rundi: ubuzima 14; Sanskrit: जीवन, जीवित, आयु; Santali: ᱪᱳᱞᱚ; Sardinian: bida, vida; Campidanese: vida; Logudorese: bida; Scottish Gaelic: beatha, saoghal; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: жѝвот; Roman: žìvot; Shan: ဢသၢၵ်ႈ; Sherpa: ཚེ; Shor: чадығ; Siar-Lak: lalaun; Sicilian: vita; Sidamo: heeshsho; Sindhi: چِٺيِ‎, خَطُ‎; Sinhalese: ජීවිතය, ජීවය; Slovak: život; Slovene: življenje; Sorbian Lower Sorbian: žywjenje; Upper Sorbian: žiwjenje; Southern Altai: јӱрӱм, ӧмӱр; Southern Amami-Oshima: 命; Spanish: [[vida]]; Sumerian: 𒍣; Sundanese: ᮠᮤᮛᮥᮕ᮪; Svan: ლიდრე; Swahili: uhai, maisha; Swedish: liv, levnad; Tagalog: buhay; Tajik: ҳаёт, зиндагӣ, зиндагонӣ; Tamil: உயிர், வாழ்க்கை; Tatar: тереклек, тормыш, гомер; Telugu: జీవితము, ప్రాణము, ఉసురు, జీవము; Tetum: vida; Thai: ชีวิต; Tibetan: ཚེ, ཚེ་སྲོག; Tigrinya: ሂወት; Tocharian B: śaul; Tofa: олут; Tok Pisin: laip; Tsonga: vutomi 14; Tswana: botshelô 14; Turkish: yaşam, hayat, ömür, dirim; Turkmen: durmuş, ýaşaýyş, ömür; Tzotzil: kuxlejal; Udmurt: улон; Ugaritic: 𐎈𐎊𐎚; Ukrainian: життя; Urdu: زندگی‎, جیون‎, حیات‎, آربل‎; Uyghur: ھايات‎; Uzbek: hayot, umr, turmush; Venetian: vita; Veps: elo; Vietnamese: sự sống, cuộc sống, sinh mệnh, sinh mạng; Vilamovian: łaowa; Votic: elo; Vurës: ēs; Võro: elo; Walloon: veye; Waray-Waray: kinabuhi; Welsh: bywyd; West Frisian: libben; White Hmong: txoj sia; Yakut: олох; Yiddish: לעבן‎, חיים‎; Yonaguni: 命; Yola: lief; Zazaki: heyat, cıwayış; Zhuang: sengmingh, mingh, ndwenngoenz; Zulu: ukuphila, impilo
===[[soul]]===
===[[soul]]===
Adyghe: псэ; Afrikaans: siel; Ainu: ラマ; Albanian: shpirt, avë; Amharic: ነፍስ; Arabic: رُوح‎, نَفْس‎; Egyptian Arabic: روح‎, نفس‎; Aramaic Hebrew: רוחא‎; Armenian: հոգի; Aromanian: suflit, suflet; Asturian: alma; Avar: рухӏ; Azerbaijani: ruh, can; Bashkir: йән, рух; Basque: arima; Belarusian: душа; Bengali: আত্মা, রূহ, জান; Bikol Central: kalag; Breton: ene; Bulgarian: душа; Burmese: ဝိညာဉ်; Catalan: ànima; Chamicuro: sana'ne; Chechen: са; Cherokee: ᎠᏓᎾᏔ; Chinese Cantonese: 靈魂, 灵魂, 魂魄; Mandarin: 靈魂, 灵魂, 魂魄; Min Nan: 靈魂, 灵魂, 魂魄; Chuukese: ngun; Classical Syriac: ܪܘܚܐ‎; Coptic: ⲯⲩⲭⲏ; Cornish: ena, enev; Czech: duše; Dalmatian: jamna; Danish: sjæl; Dutch: [[ziel]]; Eastern Mari: чон; Elfdalian: själ; Erzya: ойме; Esperanto: animo; Estonian: hing; Faroese: sál; Finnish: sielu, henki; French: [[âme]]; Friulian: anime ànime; Galician: alma, ánima; Georgian: სული; German: [[Seele]]; Gothic: 𐍃𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌻𐌰; Greek: [[ψυχή]]; Ancient Greek: [[ψυχή]]; Guinea-Bissau Creole: alma; Gujarati: આત્મા; Hawaiian: ʻuhane; Hebrew: נְשָׁמָה‎, נֶפֶשׁ‎, רוּחַ‎; Hindi: आत्मा, रूह, नफ्स; Hungarian: lélek, önvaló; Icelandic: sál; Ido: anmo; Indonesian: ruh; Interlingua: anima; Irish: anam; Old Irish: ainimm; Istriot: anema; Italian: [[anima]]; Japanese: 魂, 霊, 魂魄; Kabardian: псэ; Kalmyk: седкл; Kannada: ಆತ್ಮ; Kapampangan: kaladwa, kaladua; Kashubian: dësza; Kazakh: жан, рух, діл; Khmer: ព្រលឹង, វិញ្ញាណ; Korean: 영혼(靈魂), 령혼(靈魂), 혼백(魂魄), 넋, 얼; Kurdish Northern Kurdish: rih; Kyrgyz: жан, рух, дил; Ladino: alma; Lakota: naǧí; Lao: ວິນຍານ; Latgalian: dvēsele; Latin: [[anima]], [[animus]]; Latvian: dvēsele, velis; Lezgi: руьгь; Lithuanian: siela; Luxembourgish: Séil; Macedonian: душа; Malay: roh, jiwa, nyawa; Malayalam: ആത്മാവ്; Maltese: ruħ; Manchu: ᡶᠠᠶᠠᠩᡤᠠ; Manx: annym; Maore Comorian: roho; Maori: wairua; Marathi: आत्मा; Mazanderani: جان‎; Middle English: soule; Moksha: вайме; Mongolian Cyrillic: сүнс; Mongolian: ᠰᠦ᠋ᠨ᠋ᠡᠰᠦ; Navajo: iiʼ sizíinii; Nepali: आत्मा; Nogai: ян; North Frisian: Siil; Northern Sami: heagga; Norwegian Bokmål: sjel; Nynorsk: sjel; Occitan: arma, anma; Ojibwe: ojichaag; Okinawan: まぶい, 魂; Old Church Slavonic Cyrillic: доуша; Old East Slavic: душа; Old Norse: sál; Old Portuguese: alma; Old Prussian: dūsi; Oriya: ଆତ୍ମା; Ossetian: уд; Pali: viññāṇa; Pashto: روح‎, نفس‎; Persian: روح‎, روان‎, جان‎, نفس‎; Polish: dusza; Portuguese: [[alma]]; Quechua: aya, nuna; Romanian: suflet; Romansch: olma; Russian: [[душа]]; Rusyn: душа; Saanich: SELI; Sanskrit: आत्मन्, त्मन्, विज्ञान; Sardinian: ànima; Saterland Frisian: Seele; Scottish Gaelic: anam; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: душа; Roman: dúša; Shan: ၶႂၼ်ငဝ်း, ဝိၺၢၼ်ႇ; Sinhalese: ආත්මය; Slovak: duša; Slovene: duša; Somali: naf; Sorbian Lower Sorbian: duša; Upper Sorbian: duša; Southern Altai: јан, рух; Spanish: [[alma]]; Swahili: roho, nafsi; Swedish: själ; Tabasaran: рюгь, жан; Tagalog: kalag, kaluluwa; Tajik: рӯҳ, ҷон, дил, нафс; Tamil: ஆன்மா; Tatar: рух, өрәк, кот, җан; Tausug: nyawa; Telugu: ఆత్మ; Thai: วิญญาณ; Tibetan: རྣམ་ཤེས; Tocharian A: āñcäm; Tocharian B: āñme; Turkish: ruh, can, tin; Turkmen: ruh, jan; Ugaritic: 𐎐𐎔𐎌; Ukrainian: душа; Urdu: روح‎, آتما‎; Uyghur: روھ‎, دىل‎; Uzbek: ruh, jon, dil, nafs; Venetian: ànema; Veps: heng; Vietnamese: linh hồn; Votic: entši; Võro: heng'; Walloon: åme; Welsh: enaid; Yagnobi: ҷон; Yiddish: נשמה‎, נעשאָמע‎; Yonaguni: 魂; Yámana: kašpíx; Zhuang: hoenz; Zulu: umoya ǃXóõ: ǃnáã-sé
Adyghe: псэ; Afrikaans: siel; Ainu: ラマ; Albanian: shpirt, avë; Amharic: ነፍስ; Arabic: رُوح‎, نَفْس‎; Egyptian Arabic: روح‎, نفس‎; Aramaic Hebrew: רוחא‎; Armenian: հոգի; Aromanian: suflit, suflet; Asturian: alma; Avar: рухӏ; Azerbaijani: ruh, can; Bashkir: йән, рух; Basque: arima; Belarusian: душа; Bengali: আত্মা, রূহ, জান; Bikol Central: kalag; Breton: ene; Bulgarian: душа; Burmese: ဝိညာဉ်; Catalan: ànima; Chamicuro: sana'ne; Chechen: са; Cherokee: ᎠᏓᎾᏔ; Chinese Cantonese: 靈魂, 灵魂, 魂魄; Mandarin: 靈魂, 灵魂, 魂魄; Min Nan: 靈魂, 灵魂, 魂魄; Chuukese: ngun; Classical Syriac: ܪܘܚܐ‎; Coptic: ⲯⲩⲭⲏ; Cornish: ena, enev; Czech: duše; Dalmatian: jamna; Danish: sjæl; Dutch: [[ziel]]; Eastern Mari: чон; Elfdalian: själ; Erzya: ойме; Esperanto: animo; Estonian: hing; Faroese: sál; Finnish: sielu, henki; French: [[âme]]; Friulian: anime ànime; Galician: alma, ánima; Georgian: სული; German: [[Seele]]; Gothic: 𐍃𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌻𐌰; Greek: [[ψυχή]]; Ancient Greek: [[ψυχή]]; Guinea-Bissau Creole: alma; Gujarati: આત્મા; Hawaiian: ʻuhane; Hebrew: נְשָׁמָה‎, נֶפֶשׁ‎, רוּחַ‎; Hindi: आत्मा, रूह, नफ्स; Hungarian: lélek, önvaló; Icelandic: sál; Ido: anmo; Indonesian: ruh; Interlingua: anima; Irish: anam; Old Irish: ainimm; Istriot: anema; Italian: [[anima]]; Japanese: 魂, 霊, 魂魄; Kabardian: псэ; Kalmyk: седкл; Kannada: ಆತ್ಮ; Kapampangan: kaladwa, kaladua; Kashubian: dësza; Kazakh: жан, рух, діл; Khmer: ព្រលឹង, វិញ្ញាណ; Korean: 영혼(靈魂), 령혼(靈魂), 혼백(魂魄), 넋, 얼; Kurdish Northern Kurdish: rih; Kyrgyz: жан, рух, дил; Ladino: alma; Lakota: naǧí; Lao: ວິນຍານ; Latgalian: dvēsele; Latin: [[anima]], [[animus]]; Latvian: dvēsele, velis; Lezgi: руьгь; Lithuanian: siela; Luxembourgish: Séil; Macedonian: душа; Malay: roh, jiwa, nyawa; Malayalam: ആത്മാവ്; Maltese: ruħ; Manchu: ᡶᠠᠶᠠᠩᡤᠠ; Manx: annym; Maore Comorian: roho; Maori: wairua; Marathi: आत्मा; Mazanderani: جان‎; Middle English: soule; Moksha: вайме; Mongolian Cyrillic: сүнс; Mongolian: ᠰᠦ᠋ᠨ᠋ᠡᠰᠦ; Navajo: iiʼ sizíinii; Nepali: आत्मा; Nogai: ян; North Frisian: Siil; Northern Sami: heagga; Norwegian Bokmål: sjel; Nynorsk: sjel; Occitan: arma, anma; Ojibwe: ojichaag; Okinawan: まぶい, 魂; Old Church Slavonic Cyrillic: доуша; Old East Slavic: душа; Old Norse: sál; Old Portuguese: alma; Old Prussian: dūsi; Oriya: ଆତ୍ମା; Ossetian: уд; Pali: viññāṇa; Pashto: روح‎, نفس‎; Persian: روح‎, روان‎, جان‎, نفس‎; Polish: dusza; Portuguese: [[alma]]; Quechua: aya, nuna; Romanian: suflet; Romansch: olma; Russian: [[душа]]; Rusyn: душа; Saanich: SELI; Sanskrit: आत्मन्, त्मन्, विज्ञान; Sardinian: ànima; Saterland Frisian: Seele; Scottish Gaelic: anam; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: душа; Roman: dúša; Shan: ၶႂၼ်ငဝ်း, ဝိၺၢၼ်ႇ; Sinhalese: ආත්මය; Slovak: duša; Slovene: duša; Somali: naf; Sorbian Lower Sorbian: duša; Upper Sorbian: duša; Southern Altai: јан, рух; Spanish: [[alma]]; Swahili: roho, nafsi; Swedish: själ; Tabasaran: рюгь, жан; Tagalog: kalag, kaluluwa; Tajik: рӯҳ, ҷон, дил, нафс; Tamil: ஆன்மா; Tatar: рух, өрәк, кот, җан; Tausug: nyawa; Telugu: ఆత్మ; Thai: วิญญาณ; Tibetan: རྣམ་ཤེས; Tocharian A: āñcäm; Tocharian B: āñme; Turkish: ruh, can, tin; Turkmen: ruh, jan; Ugaritic: 𐎐𐎔𐎌; Ukrainian: душа; Urdu: روح‎, آتما‎; Uyghur: روھ‎, دىل‎; Uzbek: ruh, jon, dil, nafs; Venetian: ànema; Veps: heng; Vietnamese: linh hồn; Votic: entši; Võro: heng'; Walloon: åme; Welsh: enaid; Yagnobi: ҷон; Yiddish: נשמה‎, נעשאָמע‎; Yonaguni: 魂; Yámana: kašpíx; Zhuang: hoenz; Zulu: umoya ǃXóõ: ǃnáã-sé
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