ἀλείφω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=<span class="bld">A</span> [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]3.8, etc.: fut. ἀλείψω [[LXX]] ''Ex.''40.15, (ἐξ-) E.''IA''1486, Pl.''R.''386c: aor. ἤλειψα Hom., Att., Ep. [[ἄλειψα]] Od.12.177: pf. ἀλήλῐφα (ἀπ-) D.52.2):—Med., fut. ἀλείψομαι Th.4.68: aor. ἠλειψάμην Att., Ep. [[ἀλειψάμην]] Il.14.171:—Pass., fut. ἀλειφθήσομαι (ἐξ-) D.25.73: aor. 1 ἠλείφθην Hp.''Morb.''4.54, Pl.''Ly.''217c, etc.: aor. 2 <b class="b3">ἐξηλίφην</b> [[varia lectio|v.l.]] in [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Phaedrus|Phdr.]]''258b, (ἀπ-) D.C.55.3: pf ἀλήλιμμαι Th.4.68, (ἐξ-, ὑπ-) D.25.70, X.''Oec.''10.6 (-ει- is freq. found in pf. forms in codd.): ([[ἀ-]], euph., <b class="b3">λιπ-</b>, cf. [[λίπος]]):—[[anoint the skin with oil]], as was done after bathing, Act.referring to another, Med. to oneself, λοῦσαι κέλετ' ἀμφί τ' ἀλεῖψαι Il.24.582; Hom. elsewhere always adds [[λίπα]] or <b class="b3">λίπ' ἐλαίῳ</b> (v. sub [[λίπα]]), πάντα λοέσσατο καὶ λίπ' ἄλειψεν Od.6.227; λοεσσαμένω καὶ ἀλειψαμένω λίπ' ἐλαίῳ Il.10.577, cf. 14.171, 18.350: later of [[anointing for gymnastic exercises]], λίπα μετὰ τοῦ γυμνάζεσθαι ἠλείψαντο Th.1.6; generally, λίπα ἀλείφεσθαι Id.4.68; βακκάρι ῥῖνας Hippon.41; of [[anointing]] the [[sick]], Men.''Georg.''60, cf. ''Ep.Jac.''5.14.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[supply oil]] for [[gymnast]]s, <b class="b3">ἀλειφούσης τῆς πόλεως</b> ''CIG'' (add.) 1957g (Maced.); <b class="b3">ἀ. πανήγυριν, ἔθνη</b>, ''Inscr.Magn.''163, ''OGI''533.47 (Ancyra); [[οἱ ἀλειφόμενοι]] = [[youths undergoing gymnastic training]], ib. 339.72 (Sestos), etc.; <b class="b3">οἱ ἀλειφόμενοι ἐν τῷ γυμνασίῳ</b> ib.764.5 (Pergam.), al.; <b class="b3">ἀλείφεσθαι παρά τινι</b> to [[attend]] a [[gymnastic]] [[school]], Arr.''Epict.''1.2.26.<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[polish]], τράπεζαν Diph.74; δακτύλιον [[Theophrastus|Thphr.]] ''[[Characters|Char.]]''21; ἀγάλματα Artem.2.33.<br><span class="bld">4</span> metaph., [[prepare as if for gymnastics]], [[encourage]], [[stimulate]], [[instigate]], Demad.17, Pl. ap. D.L.4.6; ἐπὶ τὴν πολιτικὴν ἀγωνίαν Phld.''Rh.''2.59 S.; τινὰ ἐπὶ τὸν Κλώδιον App.''BC''2.16, cf. Plu.''Them.''3; τινὰ κατά τινος Ph.1.549; τινὰ ἐπὶ φαρμακείαν App.''Mac.''11.7:—Pass., τοὺς ἀλειφομένους ἐπί τι Phld.''Rh.''2.158 S.<br><span class="bld">II</span> [[daub]], [[plaster]], [[besmear]], <b class="b3">οὔατα ἀλεῖψαι</b> [[stop up]] [[ear]]s, Od.12.47,177,200; ἀ. αἵματι [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]3.8; μίλτῳ X.''Oec.''10.5; ψιμυθίῳ Pl.''Ly.''217d; κυανῷ Paus.5.11.5.

|btext=<i>f.</i> ἀλείψω, <i>ao.</i> [[ἤλειψα]], <i>pf.</i> [[ἀλήλιφα]];<br /><i>Pass. ao.</i> [[ἠλείφθην]], <i>pf.</i> [[ἀλήλιμμαι]];<br /><b>1</b> [[graisser]], [[oindre]] ; [[préparer à la lutte]] ; [[préparer]] <i>en gén.</i><br /><b>2</b> [[enduire]] <i>en gén. (de cire, de fard, etc.)</i>;<br /><i><b>Moy.</b></i> [[ἀλείφομαι]] (<i>f.</i> ἀλείψομαι, <i>ao.</i> ἠλειψάμην) [[s'enduire soi-même]];<br />[[NT]]: [[parfumer]].<br />'''Étymologie:''' ἀ- prosth., R. Λιπ [[graisser]].

|elnltext=[[ἀλείφω]], ep. aor. ἄλειψα; perf. med. [[ἀλήλιμμαι]].<br /><b class="num">1.</b> [[zalven]], [[insmeren met olie]]; med. zich zalven of insmeren met olie.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> bestrijken, besmeren, met acc.; smeren op, met [[ἐπί]] + dat.:; κηρὸν … ὅν [[σφιν]] ἐπ’ ὠσὶν ἄλειψα de was die ik hen op de oren had gesmeerd Od. 12.200; pass.. τὸ ἐπαλειφθέν dat wat erop is gesmeerd Plat. Lys. 217c.<br /><b class="num">3.</b> overdr. ‘ [[zich insmeren voor]]’, vandaar: zich voorbereiden op, met [[ἐπί]] + acc.: (ἄγωνες) ἐφ’ οὓς ἑαυτὸν [[ὑπὲρ]] τῆς ὅλης Ἑλλάδος ἤλειφε gevechten waarvoor hij zich ten behoeve van heel Griekenland warmliep (d.w.z. waarop hij zich voorbereidde) Plut. Them. 3.5.

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: [[anoint with oil]] (Il.).<br />Dialectal forms: Myc. [[enaripoto]] /[[enaliptos]]/; [[arepate]] /[[aleiphatei]]/; [[arepazoo]] /[[aleiphzoos]]/ <b class="b2">boiler (ζέω) of unguent</b>.<br />Derivatives: [[ἄλειφαρ]], <b class="b3">-ατος</b> [[unguent]], [[anoiting-oil]] (Il.) and [[ἄλειφα]] n. (> Lat. [[adeps]]). [[ἀλοιφή]] [[anointing]], [[grease]] (<b class="b3">-α</b> from *-n̥t?, Szemerényi Studi Mic. 2, 1967, 23 n. 64).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [00] <b class="b2">*h₂leibʰ-</b><br />Etymology: Generally connected with [[λίπος]] ([[quod vide|q.v.]]), but this is impossible since the <b class="b3">α-</b> can no longer be a prothesis, and because of the [[-p-]] and because its meaning, [[fat]], is quite different. Connection with [[ἀλίνω]] is formally (<b class="b2">h₂lei(bʰ)-</b>) and semantically easy. S. [[sub verbo|s.v.]] (improbable suggestions Szemerényi Gnomon 42 (1971) 653.) Semantically comparable with Skt. <b class="b2">limpáti</b> [[smear]], [[stick]], [[adhere]], but Gr. <b class="b3">-φ-</b> makes this impossible (s. [[λίπος]]); Goth. [[bileiban]] etc.? Cf. Pok. 670 [[leip-]].