δύναμαι: Difference between revisions

|Definition=[ῠ], 2sg.<br><span class="bld">A</span> δύνασαι Il.1.393, Od.4.374, [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''1164 (anap.), Ar.''Nu.''811 (lyr.), ''Pl.''574, X.''An.''7.7.8, etc.; δύνῃ ''Carm.Aur.''19, also in codd. of S.''Ph.''798, [[Euripides|E.]]''[[Hecuba|Hec.]]''253, ''Andr.''239, and later Prose, Plb. 7.11.5, Ael.''VH''13.32; Aeol. and Dor. [[δύνᾳ]] Alc.''Oxy.''1788 ''Fr.''15 ii 16, Theoc.10.2, also S.''Ph.''849 (lyr.), dub. in ''OT''696 (lyr.); [[δύνῃ]] is subj., [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[The Knights|Eq.]]''491, cf. Phryn.337; Ion. 3pl. δυνέαται [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]2.142; subj. [[δύνωμαι]], Ion. 2sg. δύνηαι Il.6.229 (<b class="b3">δυνεώμεθα -ωνται</b> as vv.ll. in [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]4.97, 7.163); also δύνᾱμαι Sapph.''Supp.''3.3, ''GDI''4952''A'' 42 (Crete): impf. 2sg. ἐδύνω ''h.Merc.''405, X.''An.''1.6.7; later ἐδύνασο Hp.''Ep.''16 ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] ἠδ.), Luc.''DMort.''9.1; Ion. 3pl. ἐδυνέατο [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]4.110, al. (<b class="b3">ἠδ-</b> codd.): fut. δυνήσομαι Od.16.238, etc.; Dor. δυνᾱσοῦμαι Archyt.3; later δυνηθήσομαι D.C.52.37: aor. ἐδυνησάμην Il.14.33, Ep. δυν- 5.621; subj. δυνήσωνται Semon.1.17, never in good Att., [[falsa lectio|f.l.]] in D.19.323: Pass. forms, Ep., Ion., Lyr., [[ἐδυνάσθην]] or δυνάσθην Il.23.465, al., [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]2.19, al., Pi.''O.''1.56, Hp.''Art.''48 ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] [[δυνηθείη]]), also in [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Memorabilia|Mem.]]''1.2.24, ''An.''7.6.20; Trag. and Att. Prose ἐδυνήθην [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]'' 1067, ''OT''1212 (lyr.), [[Euripides|E.]]''[[Ion]]''867 (anap.), D.21.80,186: pf. δεδύνημαι D.4.30, Din.2.14, Phld.''Rh.''1.261S.—The double augment [[ἠδυνάμην]] is Att. acc. to Moer.175, but Ion. acc. to ''An.Ox.''2.374, and is found in codd. of [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]4.110, al., Hp.''Epid.''1.26.β', al.; [[ἠδύνω]] is required by metre in Philippid.16; but is not found in Att. Inscrr. before 300 B.C., ''IG''22.678.12, al., cf. [[ἠδύνασθε]] ib.7.2711 (Acraeph., i A.D.); both forms occur in later writers: [[ἠδυνήθην]] occurs in [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[Prometheus Vinctus|Pr.]]''208, and codd. of Th.4.33, Lys.3.42, etc.: [[δύνομαι]] is a late form freq. in Pap. as ''UPZ''9 (ii B. C.), al. [ῠ, exc. in δῡναμένοιο Od.1.276, 11.414, Hom. ''Epigr.''15.1, and pr. n. Δῡναμένη, metri gr.]<br><span class="bld">I</span> to [[be able]], [[strong enough]] to do, c. inf. pres. et aor., Il.19.163, 1.562, etc.: fut. inf. is [[falsa lectio|f.l.]] ([[πείσειν]] for [[πείθειν]]) in S.''Ph.''1394, ([[κωλύσειν]] for [[κωλῦσαι]]) Plb.21.11.13, etc.: freq. abs., with inf. supplied from the context, <b class="b3">εἰ δύνασαί γε</b> if at least thou [[canst]] (''[[sc.]]'' [[περισχέσθαι]]), Il. 1.393: also c. acc. Pron. or Adj., ὅσσον δύναμαι χερσίν τε ποσίν τε 20.360; [Ζεὺς] δύναται ἅπαντα Od.4.237; <b class="b3">μέγα δυνάμενος</b> very [[powerful]], [[mighty]], 1.276, cf. 11.414; δ. μέγιστον ξείνων [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]9.9, etc.; <b class="b3">μέγα δύναται</b>, [[multum valet]], A.''Eu.''950 (lyr.); δ. Διὸς ἄγχιστα Id.''Supp.''1035; <b class="b3">οἱ δυνάμενοι</b> [[men of power]], [[rank]], [[and influence]], [[Euripides|E.]]''[[Orestes|Or.]]''889, Th.6.39, etc.; <b class="b3">οἱ δυνάμενοι</b>, opp. <b class="b3">οἱ μὴ ἔχοντες</b>, Democr.255; opp. <b class="b3">οἱ πένητες</b>, Archyt. 3; <b class="b3">δυνάμενος παρά τινι</b> [[having influence]] with him, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]7.5, And. 4.26, etc.; δύνασθαι ἐν τοῖς πρώτοις Th.4.105; <b class="b3">δ. τοῖς χρήμασι, τῷ σώματι</b>, Lys.6.48, 24.4; <b class="b3">ὁ δυνάμενος</b> [[one that can maintain himself]], Id.24.12; of things, [διαφέρει] οἷς δύνανται differ in their [[potentialities]], Plot.6.3.17.<br><span class="bld">2</span> of moral possibility, to [[be able]], [[dare]], [[bear]] to do a thing, mostly with neg., οὔτε τελευτὴν ποιῆσαι δύναται Od.1.250; σε… οὐ δύναμαι προλιπεῖν 13.331, cf. [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Antigone|Ant.]]''455; οὐκέτι ἐδύνατο ἐν τῷ καθεστῶτι τρόπῳ βιοτεύειν Th.1.130; οὐδὲ σθένειν τοσοῦτον ᾠόμην τὰ σὰ κηρύγμαθ' ὥστε… θεῶν νόμιμα δύνασθαι… ὑπερδραμεῖν [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Antigone|Ant.]]'' 455.<br><span class="bld">b</span> [[enjoy a legal right]], δ. τῆς γεωργίας ἀπηλλάχθαι ''[[Oxyrhynchus Papyri|POxy.]]''899.31 (ii/iii A.D.), etc.<br><span class="bld">3</span> with [[ὡς]] and Sup., <b class="b3">ὡς ἐδύναντο ἀδηλότατα</b> as secretly as they [[could]], Th.7.50; <b class="b3">ὡς δύναμαι μάλιστα κατατείνας</b> as forcibly as I [[possibly can]], [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 367b; ὡς δύναιτο κάλλιστον Id.''Smp.''214c; ὡς ἂν δύνωμαι διὰ βραχυτάτων D.27.3, etc.; simply <b class="b3">ὡς ἐδύνατο</b> in the best way he [[could]], X.''An.''2.6.2: with relat., ὅσους ἐδύνατο πλείστους ἀθροίσας Id.''HG''2.2.9; λαβεῖν… οὓς ἂν σοφωτάτους δύνωμαι Alex. 213.<br><span class="bld">II</span> to [[be equivalent to]], <b class="b3">λόγοι ἔργα δυνάμενοι</b> [[word]]s [[that are as good as]] [[deed]]s, Th.6.40: hence,<br><span class="bld">1</span> of money, to [[be worth]], c. acc., ὁ [[σίγλος]] δύναται ἑπτὰ ὀβολούς X.''An.''1.5.6, cf. D.34.23: abs., [[pass]], [[be current]], Luc.''Luct.''10.<br><span class="bld">2</span> of Number, etc., to [[be equal to]] or [[be equivalent to]], τριηκόσιαι γενεαὶ δυνέαται μύρια ἔτεα [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]2.142; <b class="b3">δυνήσεται τὴν ὑποτείνουσαν</b> will [[be equivalent to]] the [[hypotenuse]], Arist.''IA'' 709a19.<br><span class="bld">3</span> of words, [[signify]], [[mean]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]4.110, al.; τὸ πειρηθῆναι καὶ τὸ ποιεῖν ἴσον δύναται Id.6.86. γ; δύναται ἴσον τῷ δρᾶν τὸ νοεῖν Ar. ''Fr.''691; δύναται τὸ νεοδαμῶδες ἤδη ἐλεύθερον εἶναι Th.7.58: in later Greek, <b class="b3">δύναται τὸ μνασθέντι ἀντὶ τοῦ μνασθέντος</b>" [[is equivalent to]]... Sch.Pi.''O.''7.110.<br><span class="bld">b</span> [[avail to produce]], <b class="b3">οὐδένα καιρὸν δύναται</b> [[bring]]s no [[advantage]], E.''Med.''128 (anap.), cf. [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Philebus|Phlb.]]'' 23d.<br><span class="bld">c</span> of things, [[mean]], '[[spell]]', <b class="b3">τὸ τριβώνιον τί δύναται</b>; Ar.''Pl.''842; <b class="b3">αἱ ἀγγελίαι τοῦτο δύνανται</b> they [[mean]] this much, Th.6.36; τὴν αὐτὴν δ. δούλωσιν Id.1.141, cf. Arist.''Pol.''1313b25.<br><span class="bld">4</span> Math., <b class="b3">δύνασθαί τι</b> to [[be equivalent when squared to]] a [[number]] or [[area]], <b class="b3">τοῖς ἐπιπέδοις ἃ δύνανται</b> in the areas of which they [the lines] [[are the roots]], [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Theaetetus|Tht.]]''148b; <b class="b3">ἡ ΒΓ τῆς Α μεῖζον δύναται τῇ ΔΖ</b> the [[square]] on ΒΓ is [[greater]] than the [[square]] on A by the [[square on]] [[ΔΖ]], Euc.10.17; <b class="b3">αἱ δυνάμεναι αὐτά [τὰ μεγέθη]</b> the [[line]]s [[represent]]ing their [[square root]]s, ib.''Def.''4, cf. ''Prop.'' 22; <b class="b3">αὐξήσεις δυνάμεναί τε καὶ δυναστευόμεναι</b> [[increment]]s both in the [[root]]s and [[power]]s of [[number]]s, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 546b; τὴν ὑποτείνουσαν ταῖς περὶ τὴν ὀρθὴν ἴσον δυναμένην Plu.2.720a, cf. Iamb.''Comm.Math.''17; <b class="b3">ἡ δυναμένη</b>, Pythagorean name for the [[hypotenuse]] of a [[right]]-[[angle]]d [[triangle]], Alex.Aphr.''in Metaph.''75.31.<br><span class="bld">b</span> of numbers multiplied together, [[come to]], Papp.1.24,27.<br><span class="bld">III</span> impers., [[οὐ δύναται]], c. aor. inf., [[it cannot be]], [[is not to be]], τοῖσι Σπαρτιήτῃσι καλλιερῆσαι οὐκ ἐδύνατο [[Herodotus|Hdt.]] 7.134, cf.9.45; [[δύναται]] [[it is possible]], Plu.2.440e ([[si vera lectio|s. v.l.]]).