φθάνω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=Il.9.506, impf.<br><span class="bld">A</span> ἔφθανον X.''HG''6.2.30, ''AP''9.272 (Bianor): fut. φθήσομαι Il.23.444, Th.5.10, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 375c, etc.; but <b class="b3">φθάσω</b> [ᾰ] Hp. ''Morb.''3.13 ([[si vera lectio|s.v.l.]]), [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''5.4.38: aor. ἔφθᾰσα [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]7.161, [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[The Persians|Pers.]]'' 752 (troch.), Th.3.49, [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''7.1.19, etc.; imper. φθάσον J.''AJ''6.11.7; opt. 3sg. φθάσειε Isoc.8.120, pl. φθάσειαν X.''HG''7.2.14 (this tense prevails in later Gk., Plb.3.66.1, etc.); Dor. [[ἔφθασσα]] Theoc.2.115: but the only Ep. aor. is [[ἔφθην]], not found in A. or S., but the more usual form in E. and Ar., less freq. in Th., X., D.; pl. <b class="b3">ἔφθημεν, -ητε, -ησαν</b>, E.''Ph.''1468, Isoc.5.7, Antipho 2.2.5, Ep.pl.3 φθάν Il.11.51; subj. [[φθῶ]], Ep. 3sg. [[φθήῃ]], [[φθῇσιν]], 16.861, 23.805; Ep. 1pl. φθέωμεν Od.16.383; 3pl. φθέωσι 24.437; opt. [[φθαίην]], Ep. 3sg. [[φθαίησι]] (παρα-) Il.10.346; inf. φθῆναι [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]6.115, Th.4.4; part. φθάς [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]3.71; Ep. part. Med. φθάμενος Il.5.119, al., Hes.''Op.''554: pf. ἔφθᾰκα Philipp. ap. D.18.39, [[LXX]] ''2 Ch.''28.9, ''IG''12 9).906.26 (Chalcis, iii A. D.); πέφθακα Ps.-Callisth. 2.10 (v. l): plpf. ἐφθάκει Plu.''Galb.'' 17, Luc.''Philops.''6:—Pass., Arist.''Mu.''395a18: impf. ἐφθάνετο ''AP''9.278 (Bianor); ἐφθάνοντο J.''BJ''5.2.4 ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] [[ἐφονεύοντο]]): aor. ἐφθάσθην D.H. 6.25, ''Epigr.Gr.''315 (Smyrna), ''IPE''2.197 (Panticapaeum, ii A. D.), J.''AJ''8.12.4. Gal.4.560. [φθᾰνω always in Att. (so also in ''AP''9.272 (Bianor), ''APl.''4.382, 384); φθᾱνω in Il.9.506, 21.262 (where Zenod. read [[φθανέει]] for [[φθάνει]]) ]:—[[come]] or [[do first]] or [[before]] others:<br><span class="bld">I</span> c. acc. pers., to [[be beforehand with]], [[overtake]], [[outstrip]], in running or otherwise, φθάνει δέ τε καὶ τὸν ἄγοντα Il.21.262; φθῆ σε τελος θανάτοιο 11.451, cf. Hes.''Op.''554,570, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]7.161, E.''Heracl.''120, ''IT''669, Isoc.9.42, etc.; οὐ μὴ φθάσωμεν τοὺς κοιμηθέντας ''1 Ep.Thess.''4.15; so <b class="b3">ἔφθησαν τὸν χειμῶνα</b> they [[anticipated]] the storm, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]7.188; φθάσας τὸν λογισμόν D.21.38:—Pass., to [[be overtaken]], ὑπό τινος Arist. ''Mu.''395a18, ''AP''9.278 (Bianor); [[ἐφθάσθην]] (v. supr.).<br><span class="bld">II</span> abs., [[come]] or [[act first]], opp. [[ὑστερέω]] or [[ὑστερίζω]], E.''Ph.''975, X.''An.''6.1.18, cf. Th.4.121; <b class="b3">τοῦ φθάσαντος ἁρπαγή</b> the prey of [[the first comer]], [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[The Persians|Pers.]]''752 (troch.), cf. ''Fr.''23 (lyr.); πρὶν ἐλθεῖν αὐτοὺς φθάσαι βουλόμενοι Th.7.36; μὴ φθάσῃ ἐς τὸν Ἑλλήσποντον ἐσπλεύσας Id.8, 100; φθάσαι πρὶν ἀδικηθῆναι Arist.''Pol.''1302b23, cf. ''Rh.''1373a23; in later writers, <b class="b3">τὰ φθάσαντα</b> the things [[before mentioned]], Ael.''VH'' 1.34, Arg.D.46; part. [[φθάνων]], [[φθάσας]] [[previous]], τῶν φθασάντων δυεῖν βιβλίων Porph.''Abst.''3.1; <b class="b3">ἐν τοῖς φθάνουσιν ἔργοις</b> Dex.Hist.''Fr.''26 J.; τοῖς φθάνουσι κατορθώμασι Id.''Fr.''6 J.; οἱ φθάσαντες πόνοι Agath.5.16; τὸ φθάνον [[previous time]], Ael.''VH''14.6; <b class="b3">τὸ φθάσαν, τὰ φθάσαντα</b>, the [[past]], Agath.3.2, al., Procop.Gaz.''Ep.''32; ὁ φθάσας χρόνος Men. Prot.p.127 D.<br><span class="bld">2</span> with Preps., [[come]] or [[arrive first]], ἕως τῶν οὐρανῶν [[LXX]] ''2 Ch.''28.9; ἔφθασεν ἐφ' ὑμᾶς ''Ev.Matt.''12.28, ''Ev.Luc.''11.20, cf. ''1 Ep.Thess.''2.16: <b class="b3">φ. εἰς</b>... simply, [[arriveat]], [[attain to]], Ep.Rom.9.31, ''Ep.Phil.''3.16, Plu.2.338a; φθάσομεν εἰς Πηλούσι ''PPar.''18.14 (ii A. D.): abs., of [[time]], [[arrive]], <b class="b3">καιρὸς τῆς τομῆς ἔφθακε</b> ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] [[ἔφθασεν]]) [[LXX]] ''Ca.'' 2.12; <b class="b3">ἔφθασεν ὁ μὴν ὁ ἕβδομος</b> ib.''2 Es.''3.1.<br><span class="bld">b</span> [[extend]], μέχρι γῆς Plot.3.27; εἰς βορρᾶν ''PFlor.''50.87 (iii A. D.).<br><span class="bld">c</span> [[reach]], αἰθέρα ''APl.''4.384.<br><span class="bld">d</span> Gramm., to [[be applied]] or [[applicable]], ἐπ' ἀμφοτέρας τὰς διαθέσεις A.D.''Synt.''211.22, cf. 217.23, al.<br><span class="bld">III</span> the action in which one [[is beforehand]] is expressed by the part. agreeing with the subject, [Ἄτη] πολλὸν ὑπεκπροθέει, φθάνει δέ τε πᾶσαν ἐπ' αἶαν βλάπτουσ' ἀνθρώπους and [[is beforehand]] in doing men mischief, Il.9.506; <b class="b3">ἀλλ' ἄρα μιν φθῆ Τηλέμαχος κατόπισθε βαλών</b> Telemachus [[was beforehand]] with him in striking, i.e. struck [[first]], Od.22.91, cf. 16.383, Il.10.368; ἔφθασέν με προαπελθὼν Χάρμος ''PCair.Zen.''16.3 (iii B. C.); <b class="b3">ἔφθησαν ἀπικόμενοι</b> arrived [[first]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]4.136, cf. 6.115; so <b class="b3">φ. εὐεργετῶν</b> to [[be the first]] to show a kindness, [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Memorabilia|Mem.]]''2.3.14; ὅπως φθάσειαν βοηθήσαντες Id.''HG''7.2.14; ἔφθασαν προκαταλαβόντες Th.3.112; φθάνουσιν αὐτοὺς προκαταφυγοῦσαι Id.2.91; ἢν φθάσωσιν πρότερον διαφθείραντες τὸ στράτευμα Id.7.25; φ. γόνασι προσπεσὼν πατρός E.''HF''986, etc: part. Pass. is also used, <b class="b3">ἦ κε πολὺ φθαίη πόλις ἁλοῦσα</b>, i.e. it would be taken [[first]], Il.13.815; <b class="b3">εἴ κε φθήῃ τυπείς</b> shall be wounded [[first]], 16.861; <b class="b3">φθαίητε γὰρ ἂν.. ἐξανδραποδισθέντες ἣ.</b>. [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]6.108; μὴ φθάσωσι προεπιβουλευόμενοι Th.3.83; ἔφθη κατακωλυθείς X.''HG''1.6.17; <b class="b3">φθάνειν δεῖ πεφραγμένους τοὶς πόρους</b> they must [[first]] be blocked up, Id.''Cyr.''2.4.25: these clauses, being compar. in sense, are followed by a gen., <b class="b3">φθὰν δὲ μέγ' ἱππήων.. κοσμηθέντες</b> were drawn up [[before]] the drivers, Il.11.51; more freq. by [[πρὶν]].. or ἢ... ἔφθη ὀρεξάμενος, πρὶν οὐτάσαι 16.322, cf. Antipho1.29, [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''3.2.4; φθήσονται τούτοισι πόδες καὶ γοῦνα καμόντα ἢ ὑμῖν Il.23.444; ἔφθης πεζὸς ἰὼν ἢ ἐγὼ σὺν νηΐ Od.11.58; <b class="b3">ἔφθησαν ἀναβάντες πρὶν ἢ.</b>. [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]9.70; <b class="b3">ἔφθησαν ἐκπεσόντες πρότερον ἢ.</b>. Id.6.91.<br><span class="bld">b</span> in later Gr., c. part. to express [[previous]] action or happening, <b class="b3">φθάνω ὑμῖν πρότερον γεγραφηκώς</b> I have [[already]] written to you, ''[[Oxyrhynchus Papyri|POxy.]]''1666.3 (iii A. D.), cf. 237 vi30 (ii A. D.), etc.; ἔφθασα εἰρηκώς Luc.''Pisc.''29; ὡς ἔφθην εἰπών Id.''Par.''3; cf. 111.2b.<br><span class="bld">2</span> in the same sense, part. [[φθάς]] or [[φθάσας]], Ep. [[φθάμενος]], is used like an Adv. with a principal Verb, <b class="b3">ὅς μ' ἔβαλε φθάμενος</b>, for <b class="b3">ὅς μ' ἔφθη βαλών</b>, Il.5.119, cf. 13.387, Od. 19.449; <b class="b3">οὐκ ἄλλος φθὰς ἐμεῦ κατήγορος ἔσται</b> no other shall be an accuser [[before]] me, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]3.71; <b class="b3">ἀνέῳξάς με φθάσας</b> you opened the door [[before]] me, Ar.''Pl.''1102; φθάσας προσπεσοῦμαι Th.5.9, cf. 2.91, [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]'' 1.5.3, etc.; even with a part., φθάσας.. ἁρπάσας [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]6.65; rarely part. pres., φθάνοντες δῃοῦμεν [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''3.3.18.<br><span class="bld">b</span> in signf. 111.1b, <b class="b3">φθάσαντες ἐπληρώσαμεν αὐτούς</b> we had [[already]] paid them, ''[[Oxyrhynchus Papyri|POxy.]]''1103.6 (iv A. D.); but <b class="b3">ὡσεὶ καὶ ὁμογενῆ φθάσας εἶπον</b> as if I [[had]] said (not [[had already]] said) ὁ., Gal.16.502.<br><span class="bld">3</span> rarely c. inf., <b class="b3">ὁ φθάσας θαρσῆσαι</b> he that [[first]] gains confidence, Th.3.82; <b class="b3">σπεύδειν ὅπως.. φθαίης ἔτ' εἰς ἐκκλησίαν ἐλθεῖν</b> ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] [[ἐλθών]]) hurry to [[be in time]] to get to... [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[The Knights|Eq.]]''935 (lyr.), cf. ''Nu.''1384 (v. infr. IV. ''1''); <b class="b3">μόλις φθάνει θρόνοισιν ἐμπεσοῦσα μὴ χαμαὶ πεσεῖν</b> hardly [[manages]] by falling [[first]] on the seat not to fall on the ground, E.''Med.''1169; more freq. in later writers, of actions which one [[manages]] to do, [[does before]] or [[has done first]] or [[already]], A.R.1.1189, D.H.4.59,61, Sor.1.111, Gal.15.2,93, Luc. ''DMort.''13.2, ''Harm.''2; ἐὰν φθάσω πρὸ τῆς τρύγης ἀνελθεῖν ''PSI''8.971.10 (iii/iv A. D.); ἐὰν ὁ ἰατρὸς αὐτὸ φθάσῃ κενῶσαι Gal.16.499; <b class="b3">φθάνοντος ἤδη πυρέττειν ἐκ τεττάρων ἡμερῶν τοῦ νοσοῦντος</b> [[having already begun]], ib.498; <b class="b3">μὴ φθάνων προσηκόντως τρέφεσθαι</b> if he [[is]] not [[first]] suitably nourished, Id.18(2).36, cf. 84,103; <b class="b3">συμβαίνει φθάνειν ἀποθνῄσκειν τοὺς νεωτέρους</b> the young die [[first]], ib.222; <b class="b3">εἰ φθάσαιμεν παλαιοὺς πίθους ἔχειν μεγάλους</b> if we [[already]] have... ''Gp.''6.3.11, cf. 10.22.2, al., A.D.''Pron.''90.1; ἔφθακεν οὖν ταῦτα ἐψηφίσθαι καὶ τῇ βουλῇ ''IG''12(9).906.26 (Chalcis, iii A. D.).<br><span class="bld">IV</span> with negatives,<br><span class="bld">1</span> with [[οὐ]] and part. (inf. is [[varia lectio|v.l.]] in Ar.''Nu.'' 1384), followed by [[καί]] or <b class="b3">καὶ εὐθύς</b>, of two actions following close on each other, <b class="b3">οὐ φθάνειν χρὴ συσκιάζοντας γένυν καὶ.. ὁρμᾶν</b> you must [[no sooner]] get your beard than you march, [[Euripides|E.]]''[[Supplices|Supp.]]''1219; <b class="b3">οὐ φθάνει ἐξαγόμενος καὶ εὐθὺς ὅμοιός ἐστι τοῖς ἀκαθάρτοις</b> [[no sooner]] is he brought out than he becomes unclean, X.''Eq.''5.10, cf. Ar.''Nu.''1384; <b class="b3">οὐκ ἔφθημεν εἰς Τροιζῆν' ἐλθόντες καὶ τοιαύταις νόσοις ἐλήφθημεν ἐξ ὧν</b>.. [[no sooner]] had we come to Troezen than... Isoc.19.22, cf. 5.53, 8.98, 9.53; <b class="b3">οὐκ ἔφθη μοι συμβᾶσα ἡ ἀτυχία καὶ εὐθὺς ἐπεχείρησαν διαφορῆσαι τἄνδοθεν</b> [[scarcely]] or [[no sooner]] had misfortune befallen me when... D.57.65, cf. 43.69, Isoc.4.86.<br><span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">οὐκ ἂν φθάνοις, οὐκ ἂν φθάνοιτε</b>, with part. pres., express a strong exhortation or urgent command, <b class="b3">οὐκ ἂν φθάνοιτε τὴν ταχίστην ὀπίσω ἀπαλλασσόμενοι</b> you could not [[be too quick]] in departing, i.e. [[make haste and]] be off, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]7.162; <b class="b3">οὐ φθάνοιτ' ἔτ' ἄν θνῄσκοντες</b> [[make haste and]] die, [[Euripides|E.]]''[[Orestes|Or.]]''936, cf. 941, ''Alc.'' 662, ''Heracl.''721, ''Tr.''456 (troch.), ''IT''245; οὐκ ἂν φθάνοιτον τοῦτο πράττοντε Ar.''Pl.''485; <b class="b3">ἀποτρέχων οὐκ ἂν φθάνοις</b> ib.1133; <b class="b3">εἰς ἀγορὰν ἰὼν ταχέως οὐκ ἂν φθάνοις</b> ib.874, cf. ''Ec.''118; οὐκ ἂν φθάνοις λέγων [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Symposium|Smp.]]'' 185e, [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Memorabilia|Mem.]]''2.3.11; these phrases are not to be treated as questions, cf. <b class="b3">οὐκ ἂν φθάνοιμι</b> (''[[sc.]]'' [[λέγων]]) [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Symposium|Smp.]]'' 214e, cf. ''Phd.''100c, D.25.40, Luc.''Fug.''26, ''Symp.''2, ''Anach.''14: c. part. aor., once in Luc., ''Vit.Auct.''26.<br><span class="bld">b</span> in ''1'', 2, or 3 pers., to express immediate futurity, <b class="b3">οὐκ ἂν φθάνοις ἀκούων</b> you [[shall]] hear [[in a moment]], Pl.''Euthd.'' 272d; <b class="b3">οὐκ ἂν φθάνοι τὸ πλῆθος τούτοις τοῖς θηρίοις δουλεῦον</b> [[will soon]] (or [[inevitably]]) be enslaved to... D.24.143; also to express what is logically inevitable, <b class="b3">οὐκ ἂν φθάνοιεν αὐτοὺς προσκυνοῦντες</b> they [[will soon be]] (or [[cannot logically help]]) worshipping them, Aristeas 137; τοῦτο μὲν οὐκ ἂν φθάνοις καὶ Ἐμπεδοκλεῖ πρὸ αὐτοῦ ἐγκαλῶν Luc.''Fug.''2; οὐκ ἂν φθάνοι κἀμὲ μάντιν λέγων Id.''Hes.''8; οὐκ ἂν φθάνοι τις ἁπάσας ἀναιρῶν τὰς τοιαύτας προστασίας Id.''Apol.''11: c. part. aor., Id.''Tox.''2.