ἀποκρίνω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=[ῑ], fut. ἀποκρῐνῶ,<br><span class="bld">A</span> [[set apart]], prob. in Alc.''Supp.'' 5.7, Pherecr.23, Ael.''VH''12.8; χωρὶς ἀ. [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Politicus|Plt.]]'' 302c, al.:—Pass., to [[be parted]] or [[be separated]], [[ἀποκρινθέντε]] = [[part]]ed from the [[throng]] (of two [[πρόμαχος|πρόμαχοι]]), Il.5.12 (nowhere else in Hom.); πίθηκος ᾔει θηρίων ἀποκριθείς Archil.89.3; of the [[element]]s in [[cosmogony]], Emp.9.4, Anaxag. 2, Democr.167; ἀπεκρίθη.. τοῦ βαρβάρου ἔθνεος τὸ Ἑλληνικόν [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.60; χωρίς θηρίων ἡ [[δίαιτα]] ἀποκέκριται Id.2.36; <b class="b3">ἀποκεκρίσθαι εἰς ἓν ὄνομα</b> to [[be separated and brought]] under one [[name]], Th.1.3; <b class="b3">οὐ βεβαίως ἀπεκρίθησαν</b>, of [[combatant]]s, [[separate]]d without [[decisive]] [[result]], Id.4.72.<br><span class="bld">2</span> Medic. in Pass., to [[be distinctly formed]], Hp.''Prog.''23; of the [[embryo]], [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Historia Animalium|HA]]''561a17; <b class="b3">τὰ ἐν τῷ σώματι ἀποκρινόμενα</b> [[bodily]] [[secretion]]s, Hp.''VM''14; τὰ ἐς τὴν κοιλίην ἀ. Id.''Vict.''4.89; but <b class="b3">ἐς τοῦτο πάντα ἀπεκρίθη</b> all illnesses [[determined]] or [[end]]ed in this [[alone]], Th.2.49; also ᾗ τὰ περιττώματα ἀποκρίνεται are [[void]]ed, [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[De Partibus Animalium|PA]]''665b24, cf. ''GA''773b35.<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[mark by a distinctive form]], [[distinguish]], [[πρύμνη]]ν [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.194; νόσημά τι ἀποκεκριμένον [[specific]], [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 407d, cf. [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Meteorologica|Mete.]]''369b29.<br><span class="bld">II</span> [[choose]], ἕνα ὑμῶν ἀ. ἐξαίρετον [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]6.130; <b class="b3">ἀ. τοῦ πεζοῦ, τοῦ στρατοῦ</b>, [[choose]] from.., [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]3.17,25; <b class="b3">δυοῖν ἀποκρίνας κακοῖν</b> having [[set apart]], i.e. [[decree]]d, one of two, [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''640.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[exclude]], πλήθει τῶν ψήφων Pl.''Lg.''946a.<br><span class="bld">III</span> [[reject on examination]], <b class="b3">κρίνειν καὶ ἀ.</b> ib.751d; <b class="b3">ἐγκρίνειν καὶ ἀ.</b> ib.936a; <b class="b3">ἀ. τινὰ τῆς νίκης</b> [[decide]] that one has [[lost]] the [[victory]], [[decide]] it [[against]] one, Arist.''Pol.''1315b18:—Med., Pl.''Lg.''966d.<br><span class="bld">IV</span> Med., [[ἀποκρίνομαι]], fut. -κρῐνοῦμαι, etc.: Pl. uses pf. and plpf. Pass. in med. sense, ''Prt.''358a, ''Grg.''463c, etc., but also in pass. sense (v. infr.):—[[give answer]] to, [[reply]] to [[question]], dub.''1''. in [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]5.49, 8.101 (elsewhere <b class="b3">ὑποκρ-</b>), cf. E.''Ba.''1271, ''IA''1354; ἀ. τινί Ar.''Nu.''1245, etc.: metaph., ἀ. τοῖς πράγμασιν ὡς ἐπὶ τῶν ἐρωτημάτων Arr.''Epict.''2.16.2; <b class="b3">ἀ. πρός τινα, πρὸς τὸ ἐρωτώμενον</b>, [[to]] a [[questioner]] or [[question]], Th.5.42, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Protagoras|Prt.]]'' 338d; ἀ. εἰ.. Ar. ''V.''964; ἀ. ὅτι.. Th.1.90: c. acc., <b class="b3">ἀποκρίνεσθαι τὸ ἐρωτηθέν</b> to [[answer]] the [[question]], Id.3.61, cf. Pl.''Cri.''49a, ''Hp.Ma.''287b, [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Metaphysics|Metaph.]]'' 1007a9: c. acc. cogn., ἀ. οὐδὲ γρῦ Ar.''Pl.''17; οὐδὲν ξυμβατικόν Th.8.71; ἀ. ἀπόκρισιν Pl.''Lg.''658c:—Pass., <b class="b3">τοῦτό μοι ἀποκεκρίσθω</b> [[let]] this [[be]] my [[answer]], Id.''Tht.''187b; <b class="b3">καλῶς ἄν σοι ἀπεκέκριτο</b> your [[answer]] would have been [[sufficient]], Id.''Grg.''453d, cf.''Men.''75c,''Euthd.''299d.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[answer charges]], [[defend oneself]], [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[Acharnians|Ach.]]''632; ὁ [[ἀποκρινόμενος]] = the [[defendant]], Antipho 6.18, cf. 2.4.3; [[ἀπεκρινάμην]] freq. in legal documents, ''PHib.''1.31.24 (iii B. C.), etc.<br><span class="bld">3</span> aor. Pass. [[ἀπεκρίθη]], = [[ἀπεκρίνατο]], he [[answered]], condemned by Phryn.86, is unknown in earlier Att., exc. in Pherecr.51, Pl.''Alc.''2.149b; but occurs in Machoap.Ath.8.349d, ''UPZ''6.30 (ii B. C.), ''SIG''674.61 (Narthacium, ii B. C.), ''IG''4.679 (Hermione, ii B. C.), Plb.4.30.7, etc.; once in J., ''AJ''9.3.1, twice in Luc., ''Sol.''5, ''Demon.''26; regular in [[LXX]] (but sometimes [[ἀπεκρινάμην]] in solemn language, as ''3 Ki.''2.1) and prevails in [[NT]] especially in the phrase ἀποκριθεὶς εἶπεν ''Ev.Matt.''3.15; ἀ. λέγει ''Ev.Marc.''8.20, al., cf. X.''An.'' 2.1.22 codd.: fut. ἀποκριθήσομαι in same sense, [[LXX]] ''Is.''14.32, al., ''Ev.Matt.''25.45, Hermog.''Inv.''4.6.

|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-01-0308.png Seite 308]] (s. [[κρίνω]]), 1) absondern, trennen, Hom. Il. 5, 12 ἀποκρινθέντε; ἀπεκρίθη τοῦ βαρβαρικοῦ τὸ Ἑλληνικόν Her. 1, 60; vgl. 194; ἀποκέκριται [[δίαιτα]] τοῖς ἀνθρώποις χωρὶς θηρίων 4, 24; ἐκ τοῦ πλήθους Plat. Rep. VIII, 564 e; χωρὶς ἀποκρίνων Tim. 73 b; [[ἀποκριτέον]], im <span class="ggns">Gegensatz</span> von [[ἐγκριτέον]], Rep. III, 413 d; einzeln bei Sp., αὐτοῖς [[αἷμα]] ἀποκρίνεσθαι Theophr. bei Ath. I, 18 c; – auswählen, ἓν δυοῖν κακοῖν Soph. O. R. 640; ἕνα ὑμῶν ἐξαίρετον Her. 6, 130; vgl. 3, 25; weihen, Ἡλίῳ Ael. H, A. 5, 39; von den Excrementen, aussondern, 2, 37. – 2) pass., εἴς τι, sich wohin absondern, hinneigen, πάντα ἐς τοῦτο ἀπεκρίθη Thuc. 2, 49, alle Krankheiten wurden zur Pest; εἰς ἄνεμον βορέην Luc. dea Syr. 28; ἀποκρίνεται εἴς τινα, es fällt auf ihn; Thuc. εἰς ἓν [[ὄνομα]] ἀποκεκρίσθαι 1, 3; – auseinandergehen, von streitenden Parteien, 4, 72. – 3) aburtheilen, verwerfen, κρίνειν καὶ ἀποκρίνειν τοὺς ἀξίους Plat. Legg. VI, 751 d; τινὰ τῆς νίκης, Einem den Sieg absprechen, Arist. Polit. 5, 12; ἀποκριθήσομαι Plat. Legg. VII, 820 d. – 4) sich verantworten, Ar. Ach. 607; gew. antworten; Her. nur 5, 49 u. 8, 101, sonst ὑποκρίνασθαι; aber bei den Attikern häufig, τινί τι; πρὸς αὐτὸ τὸ ἐρωτώμενον Plat. Prot. 338 d; πρὸς ἅπαντα ἀποκρινεῖσθαι Gorg. 447 c. Das perf. ist pass., [[καί]] μοι τοῦτο ἀποκεκρίσθω. Plat. Theaet. 187 b; vgl. Men. 75 c Gorg. 453 d; aber act. 468 c; [[ταῦτα]] τοῖς πολλοῖς ἀποκεκριμένοι ἂν [[ἦμεν]] Prot. 358 a; Xen. An. 2, 1, 15; [[ἀποκριτέον]] Plat. Prot. 351 c. Der aor. ἀποκριθῆναι mit akt. Bdtg als [[varia lectio|v.l.]] Xen. An. 2, 1. 22, von den Atticisten verworfen, sicher bei Sp.; Plat. Alc. II, 149 b; [[NT|N.T.]] z. B. Matth. 3, 15. 8, 3; vgl. Lob. zu Phryn. 108; ἀποκριθήσομαι LXX.

|mdlsjtxt=<br /><b class="num">I.</b> to [[separate]], set [[apart]], Plat.:— Pass., ἀποκρινθέντε parted from the [[throng]], of two heroes [[coming]] [[forward]] as champions, Il.; ἀποκεκρίσθαι εἰς ἓν [[ὄνομα]] to be separated and brought under one [[name]], Thuc.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> to [[mark]] by a [[distinctive]] [[form]], [[distinguish]], Hdt.; perf. [[pass]]. [[part]]. ἀποκεκριμένος [[distinct]], Plat.<br /><b class="num">II.</b> to [[choose]] out, [[choose]], Hdt., Plat.<br /><b class="num">III.</b> Mid. ἀποκρίνομαι, fut. -κρινοῦμαι: perf. -κέκριμαι [[both]] in mid. and [[pass]]. [[sense]]:— to [[give]] [[answer]] to, [[reply]], Eur., etc.; ἀπ πρός τινα or πρός τι to [[reply]] to a questioner or [[question]], Thuc., etc.:—c. acc., ἀποκρίνεσθαι τὸ ἐρωτηθέν to [[answer]] the [[question]], Thuc.: so in Pass., τοῦτό μοι ἀποκεκρίσθω let [[this]] be my [[answer]], Plat.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> to [[answer]] charges, [[defend]] [[oneself]], Ar.<br /><b class="num">3.</b> aor1 [[pass]]. ἀπεκρίθη, = ἀπεκρίνατο, he answered, [[first]] in NTest.