malus: Difference between revisions

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|lshtext=<b>mălus</b>: a, um, adj. Sanscr. [[mala]], [[dirt]]; Gr. [[μέλας]], [[black]]; cf. [[macula]]; Germ. mal in Mutter-mal, etc..—<br /><b>I</b> Comp.: pējor, pejus.—Sup.: [[pessimus]], a, um, [[bad]], in the widest [[sense]] of the [[word]] (opp. [[bonus]]), [[evil]], [[wicked]], [[injurious]], [[destructive]], [[mischievous]], [[hurtful]]; of [[personal]] [[appearance]], [[ill]]-looking, [[ugly]], [[deformed]]; of [[weight]], [[bad]], [[light]]; of [[fate]], [[evil]], [[unlucky]], etc.: [[malus]] et [[nequam]] [[homo]], Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 1: pessima [[puella]], Cat. 36, 9; 55, 10: delituit [[mala]], Plaut. Rud. 2, 5, 9: philosophi [[minime]] mali [[illi]] [[quidem]], sed non [[satis]] acuti, Cic. Off. 3, 9, 23: malam opinionem habere de [[aliquo]], id. Verr. 2, 3, 24, § 59: [[consuetudo]], Hor. S. 1, 3, 36: [[conscientia]], Quint. 12, 1, 3: [[mens]], id. ib.: [[mores]], Sall. C. 18: fures, Hor. S. 1, 1, 77: Furiae, id. ib. 2, 3, 135: [[virus]], Verg. G. 1, 129: [[cicuta]], Hor. S. 2, 1, 56: [[libido]], Liv. 1, 57: [[falx]], Verg. E. 3, 11: gramina, id. A. 2, 471: [[carmen]], i. e. an [[incantation]], Leg. XII. Tab. ap. Plin. 28, 2, 4, § 17: abi in malam rem, go and be hanged! Ter. And. 2, 1, 17: [[pugna]], [[unsuccessful]], [[adverse]], Cic. Div. 2, 25, 54; Sall. J. 56: [[avis]], i. e. [[ill]]-[[boding]], Hor. C. 1, 15, 5; cf. id. ib. 3, 6, 46: [[ales]], id. Epod. 10, 1: [[aetas]], [[burdensome]], i. e. [[senectus]], Plaut. Aul. 1, 1, 4: [[haud]] [[mala]] est [[mulier]], not badlooking, id. Bacch. 5, 2, 42: [[facies]], Quint. 6, 3, 32; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 43: [[crus]], i. e. [[deformed]], Hor. S. 1, 2, 102: [[pondus]], i. e. [[light]], [[deficient]], Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 156.—Of the [[sick]]: in malis [[aeger]] est, in [[great]] [[danger]], Cels. 3, 15 fin.: [[tempus]] a quo [[omnis]] [[aeger]] pejor fiat, id. 3, 5 med.: eo tempore [[fere]] pessimi sunt qui aegrotant, id. ib.—In neutr. [[sing]]., as adv.: ne [[gallina]] [[malum]] responset dura palato, Hor. S. 2, 4, 18.—Comp.: pejor, [[worse]]: via, Hor. S. 1, 5, 96.—Hence,<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; mă-lum, i, n., [[any]] [[thing]] [[bad]], an [[evil]], [[mischief]], [[misfortune]], [[calamity]], etc.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> In gen.: orarem, ut ei, [[quod]] posses mali facere, faceres, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 25: [[quam]] [[sit]] [[bellum]], cavere [[malum]], Cic. de Or. 1, 58, 247: [[nihil]] [[enim]] mali accidisse Scipioni [[puto]], id. Lael. 3, 10: hostes inopinato [[malo]] turbati, Caes. B. C. 2, 12: externum, i. e. [[bellum]], Nep. Hamilc. 21: ne in cotidianam id [[malum]] vertat, i. e. [[febris]], Cels. 3, 15: hoc [[malo]] domitos [[potius]] cultores agrorum [[fore]], [[quam]], etc., Liv. 2, 34, 11.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> In partic.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Punishment; [[hurt]], [[harm]], [[severity]], [[injury]]: [[malo]] domandam tribuniciam potestatem, Liv. 2, 54, 10: [[malo]] exercitum coërcere, Sall. J. 100, 5: [[sine]] [[malo]], Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 81; so Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 45; Liv. 4, 49, 11: vi, [[malo]], plagis [[adductus]] est, ut frumenti daret, [[ill]]-[[usage]], Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 23, § 56: amanti [[amoenitas]] [[malo]] est: nobis lucro est, is [[hurtful]], [[injurious]], Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 5: clementiam [[illi]] [[malo]] fuisse, [[was]] [[injurious]], [[unfortunate]], Cic. Att. 14, 22, 1: [[malo]] [[hercle]] magno suo convivat [[sine]] [[modo]], to his [[own]] [[hurt]], Enn. ap. Non. 474, 23 (Sat. v. 1 Vahl.): olet [[homo]] [[quidam]] [[malo]] suo, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 165: [[male]] merenti bona es: at [[malo]] cum tuo, to [[your]] [[own]] [[hurt]], id. As. 1, 3, 3.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Wrong-doing: causae, quae [[numquam]] [[malo]] defuturae sunt, Sen. de Ira, 1, 16, 3: sperans famam exstingui veterum sic posse malorum, Verg. A. 6, 527; Anthol. Lat. 1, 178.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(g)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; As a [[term]] of [[abuse]], [[plague]], [[mischief]], [[torment]]: [[quid]] tu, [[malum]], me sequere? Plaut. Cas. 1, 3: qui, [[malum]], alii? Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 10: quae, [[malum]], est ista tanta [[audacia]]? Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 20, § 54; so id. Off. 2, 15, 53; Curt. 8, 14, 41.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(d)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; As an [[exclamation]], [[alas]]! [[misery]]! Plaut. Capt. 3, 3, 16; id. Men. 2, 3, 37 Brix ad loc.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; măle, adv., [[badly]], [[ill]], [[wrongly]], [[wickedly]], [[unfortunately]], [[erroneously]], improperly, etc.: dubitas, [[quin]] lubenter tuo ero [[meus]], [[quod]] possiet facere, faciat [[male]]? [[will]] do all the [[harm]] to him, etc., Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 66: si [[iste]] Italiam relinquet, faciet [[omnino]] [[male]], et, ut ego [[existimo]], ἀλογιστως, [[will]] [[act]] [[altogether]] [[unwisely]], Attic. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 10: di [[isti]] Segulio [[male]] faciant, do [[harm]] to him, [[punish]] him, Cic. Fam. 11, 21, 1: o [[factum]] [[male]] de Alexione! id. Att. 15, 1, 1: [[male]] velle alicui, to [[wish]] [[ill]], Plaut. As. 5, 1, 13: Karthagini [[male]] jamdiu cogitanti [[bellum]] [[multo]] [[ante]] [[denuntio]], cogitare de [[aliquo]], Cic. Sen. 6, 18: [[male]] loqui, id. Rosc. Am. 48: [[male]] loqui alicui, for maledicere, Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 25: [[male]] accipere verbis aliquem, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 54, § 140: equitatu [[agmen]] adversariorum, [[male]] habere, to [[harass]], [[annoy]], Caes. B. C. 1, 63: hoc [[male]] habet virum, annoys, vexes him, Ter. And. 2, 6, 5: [[male]] se habere, to [[feel]] [[ill]], [[dejected]], [[low]]-[[spirited]], id. Eun. 4, 2, 6: [[male]] est [[animo]], it vexes me, id. Ad. 4, 5, 21: [[male]] est [[animo]], I [[feel]] [[unwell]], Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 33: [[male]] [[fit]] [[animo]], I am [[beginning]] to [[feel]] [[bad]], am getting [[unwell]], id. Rud. 2, 6, 26: L. Antonio [[male]] [[sit]], si [[quidem]], etc., [[evil]] [[betide]] him! (a [[formula]] of [[imprecation]]), Cic. Att. 15, 15, 1: quae res [[tibi]] vertat [[male]], [[much]] [[harm]] [[may]] it do [[you]]! Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 37: [[male]] [[tibi]] esse [[malo]] [[quam]] molliter, I would [[rather]] [[you]] should be [[unfortunate]] [[than]] [[effeminate]], Sen. Ep. 82, 1: [[proelium]] [[male]] pugnatum, [[unsuccessfully]], Sall. J. 54, 7: ea quae [[male]] empta sunt, at a [[bad]] [[bargain]], Cic. Att. 2, 4, 1: [[male]] vendere, at a [[sacrifice]], id. Verr. 2, 3, 98, § 227: [[male]] reprehendunt praemeditationem rerum futurarum, id. Tusc. 3, 16, 34: [[male]] tegere mutationem fortunae, Tac. H. 1, 66: [[male]] sustinere [[arma]], [[unskilfully]], Liv. 1, 25, 12: non [[dubito]], [[quin]] me [[male]] oderit, i. e. [[very]] [[much]], [[intensely]], Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 14, 1, 2: [[male]] [[metuo]], ne, etc., [[exceedingly]], [[much]], Ter. Hec. 3, 2, 2: rauci, [[miserably]], Hor. S. 1, 4, 66.— When [[attached]] to an adjective, it freq. gives it the [[opposite]] [[meaning]]: [[male]] [[sanus]] = [[insanus]], [[insane]], [[deranged]], Cic. Att. 9, 15, 5: [[male]] sana, [[with]] [[mind]] disturbed, Verg. A. 4, 8: [[gratus]], i. e. [[ungrateful]], Ov. H. 7, 27: [[male]] fidas provincias, [[unfaithful]], Tac. H. 1, 17: [[statio]] [[male]] fida carinis, [[unsafe]], Verg. A. 2, 23.—Comp.: oderam [[multo]] pejus hunc [[quam]] illum ipsum Clodium, Cic. Fam. 7, 2, 3; cf.: pejusque [[leto]] [[flagitium]] timet, Hor. C. 4, 9, 50; and: [[cane]] pejus vitabit chlamydem, id. Ep. 1, 17, 30.<br /><b>mālus</b>: i, f., Gr. [[μηλέα]],<br /><b>I</b> an appletree: [[malus]] bifera, Varr. R. R. 1, 7: et steriles platani malos gessere valentes, Verg. G. 2, 70: [[malus]] granata, the [[pomegranate]], Isid. 17, 7, 6: felices arbores putantur esse [[quercus]]...[[malus]], etc., Macr. S. 3, 20, 2.<br /><b>mālus</b>: i, m. by [[some]] referred to [[root]] mac-; Gr. μακρος; Lat. [[magnus]]; [[but]] perh. the [[same]] [[word]] [[with]] 2. [[malus]],<br /><b>I</b> an [[upright]] [[mast]], [[pole]], or [[beam]].<br /><b>I</b> In gen.: malos exaequantes altitudinem jugi surrexit, Front. Strat. 3, 8, 3.—<br /><b>II</b> Esp.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> A [[mast]] of a [[ship]]: ut si qui gubernatorem in navigando agere [[nihil]] dicant, cum alii malos scandant, etc., Cic. Sen. 6, 17: [[malum]] erigi, [[vela]] fieri imperavit, id. Verr. 2, 5, 34, § 88: attolli malos, Verg. A. 5, 829: [[malo]] suspendit ab [[alto]], id. ib. 5, 489: [[saucius]], injured, Hor. C. 1, 14, 5.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> A [[standard]] or [[pole]], to [[which]] the awnings [[spread]] [[over]] the [[theatre]] were [[attached]], Lucr. 6, 110; Liv. 39, 7, 8.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>C</b> The [[beam]] in the [[middle]] of a [[wine]]-[[press]], Plin. 18, 31, 74, § 317.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>D</b> The [[corner]] beams of a [[tower]]: turrium mali, Caes. B. G. 7, 22, 4.

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