frons: Difference between revisions

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|lshtext=<b>frons</b>: (also [[anciently]] [[fruns]]; plur. frundes, Enn. Ann. 266 Vahl.; cf. [[Charis]]. p. 105 P.—Also in nom. [[fros]] or [[frus]], Varr. ib.; Enn. v in the foll.; cf. Prisc. p. 554 P.; and FRONDIS, acc. to Serv. Verg. G. 2, 372), dis, f. etym. dub.,<br /><b>I</b> a [[leafy]] [[branch]], [[green]] [[bough]], [[foliage]].<br /><b>I</b> Lit. ([[class]].; in sing. and plur.; syn. [[folium]]).<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Sing.: populea [[frus]], Enn. ap. Aus. Technop. (Edyll. 5) 158 sq. (id. Ann. v. 562 Vahl.): ilignea, quernea, [[Cato]], R. R. 37, 2: in nemoribus, ubi virgulta et [[frons]] [[multa]], Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 11: bobus praestabit [[vilicus]] frondem, Col. 11, 3, 101: alta [[frons]] decidit, Varr. ap. Non. 486, 13: ne caules allii in frondem luxurient, Plin. 19, 6, 34, § 113: perenni frunde [[corona]], Lucr. 1, 119: nigrae feraci frondis in Algido, Hor. C. 4, 4, 58: [[sine]] fronde, Ov. Tr. 3, 10, 75: immaturam destringere, Quint. 12, 6, 2.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Plur.: russescunt frundes, Enn. ap. [[Charis]]. p. 105 P. (Ann. v. 266 Vahl.): deserta via et inculta [[atque]] interclusa jam frondibus et virgultis relinquatur, Cic. Cael. 18, 42: viminibus salices fecundi, frondibus ulmi, Verg. G. 2, 446: frondibus teneris non adhibendam esse falcem, Quint. 2, 4, 11: bovemque Disjunctum curas et strictis frondibus exples, Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 28; id. C. 3, 18, 14.—<br /><b>II</b> Poet. transf., a [[garland]] made of [[leafy]] boughs, a [[garland]] of leaves, [[leafy]] [[chaplet]]: [[donec]] Alterutrum [[velox]] [[victoria]] fronde [[coronet]], Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 64; so in sing., id. C. 4, 2, 36; id. Ep. 2, 1, 110: nos delubra deum festa velamus fronde, Verg. A. 2, 249; 5, 661; Ov. M. 1, 449; 565; id. A. A. 1, 108.—In plur., Ov. F. 1, 711; 3, 482.<br /><b>frons</b>: frontis, f. (<br /><b>I</b> masc., [[Cato]] ap. Gell. 15, 9, 5; and ap. Fest. s. v. [[recto]], p. 286, b, Müll.; Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 46 Ritschl, N. cr.; id. ap. Non. 205, 4; Caecil. ap. Gell. 15, 9, 3; Vitr. 10, 17) [cf. Sanscr. brhū; Gr. [[ὀφρύς]]; Germ. Braue; Engl. [[brow]]; v. Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 296], the [[forehead]], [[brow]], [[front]] (syn.: [[vultus]], os, [[facies]]).<br /><b>I</b> Lit.: [[frons]] et aliis (animalibus), sed homini [[tantum]] tristitiae, hilaritatis, clementiae, severitatis [[index]]: in adsensu ejus supercilia homini et [[pariter]] et alterna mobilia, Plin. 11, 37, 51, § 138: tanta erat [[gravitas]] in [[oculo]], tanta [[contractio]] frontis, ut [[illo]] supercilio res publica, [[tamquam]] Atlante [[caelum]], niti videretur, Cic. Sest. 8, 19: frontem contrahere, to [[contract]] or [[knit]] the brows, id. Clu. 26, 72; Hor. S. 2, 2, 125; for [[which]], adducere, Sen. Ben. 1, 1: attrahere, id. ib. 6, 7: remittere frontem, to [[smooth]] the [[brow]], i. e. to [[cheer]] up, Plin. Ep. 2, 5, 5; for [[which]]: exporge frontem, Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 53; cf.: [[primum]] ego te porrectiore fronte [[volo]] [[mecum]] loqui, Plaut. Cas. 2, 4, 3: explicare, Hor. C. 3, 29, 16; solvere, Mart. 14, 183: ut frontem ferias, smitest [[thy]] [[forehead]] (as a [[sign]] of [[vexation]]), Cic. Att. 1, 1, 1; cf.: nulla [[perturbatio]] animi, nulla corporis, [[frons]] non percussa, non [[femur]], id. Brut. 80, 278: [[femur]], [[pectus]], frontem caedere, Quint. 2, 12, 10: frontem sudario tergere, id. 6, 3, 60; for [[which]]: siccare frontem sudario, id. 11, 3, 148: capillos a fronte retroagere, id. ib. 160: mediam ferro gemina [[inter]] tempora frontem Dividit, Verg. A. 9, 750: quorundam capita per [[medium]] frontis et verticis mucrone distincta, in utrumque humerum pendebant, Amm. 31, 7, 14: insignem tenui fronte Lycorida (a [[small]] [[forehead]] [[was]] regarded as a [[beauty]] by the ancients), Hor. C. 1, 33, 5; cf. id. Ep. 1, 7, 26; Petr. 126; Mart. 4, 42, 9; Arn. 2, 72.—Of the [[forehead]] of animals: est bos cervi [[figura]]: cujus a media fronte, etc., Caes. B. G. 6, 26, 1: tauri torva fronte, Plin. 8, 45, 70, § 181: equi, Ov. Tr. 5, 9, 30: [[ovis]], id. F. 4, 102: cui (haedo) [[frons]] turgida cornibus Primis, Hor. C. 3, 13, 4: ([[vitulus]]) Fronte curvatos [[imitatus]] ignes lunae, id. ib. 4, 2, 57.—In plur., Lucr. 5, 1034. —<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The [[brow]] as a [[mirror]] of the feelings: non [[solum]] ex oratione, sed [[etiam]] ex vultu et oculis et fronte, ut aiunt, [[meum]] [[erga]] te amorem perspicere potuisses, Cic. Att. 14, 13, B, 1; cf. Q. Cic. Petit. Cons. 11, 44; and: homines fronte et oratione [[magis]], [[quam]] ipso beneficio reque capiuntur, [[expression]] of [[countenance]], id. ib. 12, 46: si [[verum]] tum, cum verissima fronte, dixerunt, [[nunc]] mentiuntur, Cic. Rab. Post. 12, 35: haec ipsa [[fero]] [[equidem]] fronte et vultu bellissime, sed [[angor]] intimis sensibus, id. Att. 5, 10, 3: [[frons]], oculi, [[vultus]] [[persaepe]] mentiuntur; [[oratio]] [[vero]] saepissime, id. Q. F. 1, 1, 5, § 15; cf.: oculi, supercilia, [[frons]], [[vultus]] [[denique]] [[totus]], qui [[sermo]] [[quidam]] [[tacitus]] mentis est, hic in fraudem homines impulit, id. Pis. 1, 1; id. Fam. 1, 9, 17: fronte occultare sententiam, id. Lael. 18, 65: tranquilla et serena, id. Tusc. 3, 15, 31; cf.: [[reliquiae]] pristinae frontis, id. Fam. 9, 10, 2: [[laeta]], Verg. A. 6, 862: sollicita, Hor. C. 3, 29, 16: [[tristis]], Tib. 2, 3, 33: [[gravis]], Plin. [[Pan]]. 41, 3: humana, [[lenis]], placida, Sen. Ben. 2, 13: inverecunda, Quint. 2, 4, 16: proterva, Hor. C. 2, 5, 16: urbana (i. e. [[impudens]]), id. Ep. 1, 9, 11: [[impudens]], proterva, Aug. Op. imperf. c. Jul. 6, 21: impudentissima, id. ib. 26; cf.: [[impudentia]] frontis, Hier. adv. Rufin. 1, 7: fronte inverecunda nummos captare, Val. Max. 8, 2, 2.—In plur.: si [[populo]] grata est [[tabella]], quae frontes aperit hominum, mentes tegat, Cic. Planc. 6, 16.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>3</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Prov.: [[frons]] occipitio [[prior]] est, i. e. [[better]] [[work]] [[before]] the [[master]]'s [[face]] [[than]] [[behind]] his [[back]], [[Cato]], R. R. 4; Plin. 18, 5, 6, § 31.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> Transf<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The forepart of [[any]] [[thing]], the [[front]], façade, [[van]] (opp. [[tergum]] and [[latus]]): copias [[ante]] frontem castrorum struit, Caes. B. C. 3, 37, 1: aedium, Vitr. 3, 2: parietum, id. 2, 8: januae, Ov. F. 1, 135: [[scena]], Verg. G. 3, 24: (navium), id. A. 5, 158: pontis, Hirt. B. G. 8, 9, 4: [[collis]] ex utraque parte lateris dejectus habebat, et in frontem [[leniter]] [[fastigatus]], etc., Caes. B. G. 2, 8; 7, 23: [[intervallum]] justum arborum [[quadrageni]] [[pedes]] in terga frontemque, in latera [[viceni]], Plin. 17, 23, 35, § 202; cf. Quint. 1, 10, 43: [[octo]] cohortes in fronte constituit, Sall. C. 59, 2: quatuor legionum aquilae per frontem, Tac. H. 2, 89: una fronte [[contra]] hostem [[castra]] muniunt, [[only]] in [[front]], Caes. B. C. 1, 80, 2 Herz.: aequa fronte ad pugnam procedebat, Liv. 36, 44, 1: nec [[tamen]] aequari frontes poterant, cum extenuando infirmam mediam aciem haberent, id. 5, 38, 2: [[recta]] fronte concurrere hosti (opp. in dextrum [[cornu]]), Curt. 4, 13 med.; cf.: [[directa]] fronte pugnandum est, Quint. 5, 13, 11: [[veritus]] ne [[simul]] in frontem [[simul]] et latera suorum pugnaretur, Tac. Agr. 35: transisse aestuaria pulchrum ac [[decorum]] in frontem (i. e. fronti), for the [[front]], the [[van]], id. ib. 33: [[dextra]] fronte prima [[legio]] incessit, on the [[right]] [[front]], i. e. on the [[right]] [[wing]], id. H. 2, 24 fin.: [[laeva]], Claud. in Ruf. 2, 174; cf.: [[frons]] laevi [[cornu]] haec erat, Curt. 4, 13 fin.—Poet. transf., of clouds: ut non tam concurrere [[nubes]] Frontibus adversis possint [[quam]] de latere [[ire]], Lucr. 6, 117; of a [[precipice]]: Fronte sub adversa scopulis pendentibus [[antrum]], Verg. A. 1, 166.—Esp. freq.: a fronte, in [[front]], [[before]] (opp. a [[tergo]] and a latere): a [[tergo]], a fronte, a lateribus tenebitur, si in Galliam venerit, Cic. Phil. 3, 13, 32: a fronte [[atque]] ab [[utroque]] latere cratibus ac pluteis protegebat, Caes. B. C. 1, 25 fin.: totis [[fere]] a fronte et ab [[sinistra]] parte nudatis castris, id. B. G. 2, 23, 4. —<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The [[outer]] [[end]] of a [[book]]-[[roll]] or [[volume]], Tib. 3, 1, 13; Ov. Tr. 1, 1, 11.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>3</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The [[circumference]] of a [[wheel]], Vitr. 10, 4.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>4</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In measuring [[land]] = [[latitudo]], the [[breadth]]: [[mille]] [[pedes]] in fronte, trecentos [[cippus]] in agrum Hic dabat, Hor. S. 1, 8, 12; Inscr. Orell. 4558; 4560.—<br /><b>II</b> Trop.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> The [[outside]], [[exterior]], [[external]] [[quality]], [[appearance]] (cf. [[species]] and [[facies]]; [[mostly]] [[post]]-Aug.): [[Pompeius]] Scauro studet: sed [[utrum]] fronte an mente, dubitatur, Cic. Att. 4, 15, 7: [[plus]] habet in recessu, [[quam]] fronte promittat, Quint. 1, 4, 2; 11, 1, 61; cf.: [[frons]] causae non [[satis]] honesta, id. 4, 1, 42 Spald.: decipit Frons prima multos, the [[first]] [[appearance]], Phaedr. 4, 2, 6; cf.: dura primā fronte [[quaestio]], Quint. 7, 1, 56: ex prima [[statim]] fronte dijudicare imprudentium est, id. 12, 7, 8.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> The [[character]] or feelings expressed by the [[brow]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Poet. in partic., [[shame]]: exclamet perisse Frontem de rebus, Pers. 5, 104 (for [[which]]: clament periisse pudorem, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 80).—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Impudence, [[boldness]] ([[late]] Lat.; cf. os), Aug. Civ. D. 3, 30.

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