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|lshtext=<b>R</b>: r, indecl. n. or (sc. [[littera]]) f.<br /><b>I</b> The seventeenth [[letter]] of the Latin [[alphabet]], [[which]] derives its form from the Greek P, [[but]] is not, [[like]] [[that]], aspirated. Thus [[Burrus]], arrabo, were [[originally]] written for Πύρρος, [[ἀρραβών]]. In words borrowed from the Greek, an h [[was]] [[subsequently]] appended to the r, as a [[sign]] of the [[spiritus]] [[asper]]. On [[account]] of its vibratory [[sound]], resembling the snarling of a [[dog]], r is called by [[Persius]] [[littera]] canina, Sat. 1, 109; cf. Lucil. ap. [[Charis]]. p. 100 P. —<br /><b>II</b> In [[many]] words, r medial and [[final]] ([[but]] not [[initial]]) represents an [[original]] s. Tradition ascribes the [[introduction]] of r for s to [[Appius]] [[Claudius]] [[Caecus]], [[consul]] 446 and 457 A. U. C., or to L. [[Papirius]] [[Crassus]], [[consul]] 417 A. U. C., Dig. 1, 2, 2, § 36; Cic. Fam. 9, 21, 2. Examples of a [[change]] of s [[into]] r are: asa, lases, plusima, meliosem, meliosibus, foedesum, [[Fusius]], Papisius, Valesius, fusvos, janitos, [[into]] ara, lares, plurima, meliorem, melioribus, foederum, [[Furius]], [[Papirius]], [[Valerius]], [[furvus]], [[janitor]]; [[heri]] (compared [[with]] [[hesternus]] and the Greek [[χθές]]); so, [[too]], [[dirimo]] is formed from dis-emo. Cf. Varr. L. L. 7, § 26 Müll.; Cic. l. l.; Quint. 1, 4, 13; Ter. Scaur. p. 2252 and 2258 P.; Fest. s. v. Aureliam, p. 20; R pro S, p. 134; [[pignosa]], p. 198. Both sounds [[have]] maintained [[their]] [[place]] in [[some]] substantives of the [[third]] declension [[ending]] in or or os ([[arbor]], [[color]], [[honor]], [[labor]], [[lepor]], etc., and also [[arbos]], [[colos]], [[honos]], [[labos]], [[lepos]], etc.); so in [[quaeso]], quaesumus, also written [[quaero]], quaerimus; cf. [[nasus]] and [[naris]], [[pulvis]] and [[pulver]], etc.— The [[converse]] [[change]] of an [[original]] r [[into]] s appears [[very]] [[doubtful]]. Forms [[like]] [[hesternus]] (from [[heri]]), [[festus]] (also [[feriae]]), ustum (from uro), etc., [[indicate]] [[rather]] an [[original]] s, [[when]] compared [[with]] [[arbustum]] also [[arboretum]], and majusculus also major.— For the [[relation]] of the r to d and l, v. D and L. —<br /><b>III</b> R is assimilated,<br /> <b>a</b> Most freq. [[before]] l: [[libellus]], [[tenellus]], [[intellego]], [[pellicio]], from [[liber]], [[tener]], [[inter]]-[[lego]], per-[[lacio]], v. the [[art]]. per. —<br /> <b>b</b> Before s: [[dossuarius]], from [[dorsum]]. —<br /> R is elided in pejero (from perjuro), and in the forms [[crebesco]], [[rubesco]], [[susum]], also written [[crebresco]], rubresco, [[sursum]], etc. —<br /> As an [[abbreviation]], R. signifies Romanus, also [[Rufus]], recte, reficiendum, [[regnum]], [[ripa]], et mult. al.; R.P. [[respublica]]; R.R. rationes relatae (cf. Fest. p. 228 Müll.). | |lshtext=<b>R</b>: r, indecl. n. or (sc. [[littera]]) f.<br /><b>I</b> The seventeenth [[letter]] of the Latin [[alphabet]], [[which]] derives its form from the Greek P, [[but]] is not, [[like]] [[that]], aspirated. Thus [[Burrus]], arrabo, were [[originally]] written for Πύρρος, [[ἀρραβών]]. In words borrowed from the Greek, an h [[was]] [[subsequently]] appended to the r, as a [[sign]] of the [[spiritus]] [[asper]]. On [[account]] of its vibratory [[sound]], resembling the snarling of a [[dog]], r is called by [[Persius]] [[littera]] canina, Sat. 1, 109; cf. Lucil. ap. [[Charis]]. p. 100 P. —<br /><b>II</b> In [[many]] words, r medial and [[final]] ([[but]] not [[initial]]) represents an [[original]] s. Tradition ascribes the [[introduction]] of r for s to [[Appius]] [[Claudius]] [[Caecus]], [[consul]] 446 and 457 A. U. C., or to L. [[Papirius]] [[Crassus]], [[consul]] 417 A. U. C., Dig. 1, 2, 2, § 36; Cic. Fam. 9, 21, 2. Examples of a [[change]] of s [[into]] r are: asa, lases, plusima, meliosem, meliosibus, foedesum, [[Fusius]], Papisius, Valesius, fusvos, janitos, [[into]] ara, lares, plurima, meliorem, melioribus, foederum, [[Furius]], [[Papirius]], [[Valerius]], [[furvus]], [[janitor]]; [[heri]] (compared [[with]] [[hesternus]] and the Greek [[χθές]]); so, [[too]], [[dirimo]] is formed from dis-emo. Cf. Varr. L. L. 7, § 26 Müll.; Cic. l. l.; Quint. 1, 4, 13; Ter. Scaur. p. 2252 and 2258 P.; Fest. s. v. Aureliam, p. 20; R pro S, p. 134; [[pignosa]], p. 198. Both sounds [[have]] maintained [[their]] [[place]] in [[some]] substantives of the [[third]] declension [[ending]] in or or os ([[arbor]], [[color]], [[honor]], [[labor]], [[lepor]], etc., and also [[arbos]], [[colos]], [[honos]], [[labos]], [[lepos]], etc.); so in [[quaeso]], quaesumus, also written [[quaero]], quaerimus; cf. [[nasus]] and [[naris]], [[pulvis]] and [[pulver]], etc.— The [[converse]] [[change]] of an [[original]] r [[into]] s appears [[very]] [[doubtful]]. Forms [[like]] [[hesternus]] (from [[heri]]), [[festus]] (also [[feriae]]), ustum (from uro), etc., [[indicate]] [[rather]] an [[original]] s, [[when]] compared [[with]] [[arbustum]] also [[arboretum]], and majusculus also major.— For the [[relation]] of the r to d and l, v. D and L. —<br /><b>III</b> R is assimilated,<br /> <b>a</b> Most freq. [[before]] l: [[libellus]], [[tenellus]], [[intellego]], [[pellicio]], from [[liber]], [[tener]], [[inter]]-[[lego]], per-[[lacio]], v. the [[art]]. per. —<br /> <b>b</b> Before s: [[dossuarius]], from [[dorsum]]. —<br /> R is elided in pejero (from perjuro), and in the forms [[crebesco]], [[rubesco]], [[susum]], also written [[crebresco]], rubresco, [[sursum]], etc. —<br /> As an [[abbreviation]], R. signifies Romanus, also [[Rufus]], recte, reficiendum, [[regnum]], [[ripa]], et mult. al.; R.P. [[respublica]]; R.R. rationes relatae (cf. Fest. p. 228 Müll.). | ||
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{{Georges | |||
|georg=R, r, der [[siebzehnte]] [[Buchstabe]] [[des]] [[latein]]. Alphabets ([[littera]] R, Donat. Ter. Andr. 3, 4, 18, R [[littera]], Pompon. de orig. iur. § 36 Osann), entsprechend dem griech. Ρ (ῥῶ), [[jedoch]] [[mit]] Wegfall der Aspiration, [[daher]] [[man]] in frühester [[Zeit]] aus Πύῤῥος [[Burrus]] (vgl. Cic. or. 160), aus [[ἀῤῥαβών]] [[arrabo]] u.a. bildete und [[erst]] [[später]] [[mit]] [[Einschiebung]] eines h [[Pyrrhus]], [[arrhabo]] usw. schrieb. Vgl. Quint. 1, 5, 19. Im weitesten [[Umfang]] ist r [[mit]] s [[verwandt]], u. [[namentlich]] war in den ältesten Zeiten [[bei]] vielen Wörtern s st. r [[gebräuchlich]], zB. [[Fusius]], [[später]] [[Furius]]; so [[auch]] lases st. lares; [[später]] [[noch]] [[honor]] u. [[honos]] in gleicher [[Geltung]], [[lepos]] gebräuchlicher [[als]] [[lepor]], [[bei]] Dichtern [[auch]] [[arbos]] (= [[arbor]]), [[labos]] (= [[labor]]). Eine gleiche [[Verwandtschaft]] findet [[sich]] [[mit]] d, zB. ar [[alt]] st. ad (so [[auch]] arfuisse = adfuisse), [[meridies]] entstanden aus [[medius]] [[dies]]. Ferner erfährt r [[sehr]] [[häufig]] eine Assimilation [[vor]] l, [[wie]] auschließlich in [[pellicio]] (aus per u. [[lacio]]) und ist in [[peiero]] [[ganz]] ausgefallen. – Als [[Abkürzung]] ist ist R = [[Romanus]] (in S.P.Q.R. = [[senatus]] populusque [[Romanus]]) u. = [[Rufus]], [[recte]], [[regnum]], reficiendum u.a. – R.R. = rationes relatae (vgl. [[Fest]]. 274 [b], 5). – R.P. = [[res]] [[publica]]. | |||
}} | }} | ||