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 {{elru
 |elrutext='''ξύλον:''' (ῠ) τό [[ξύω]] и [[ξέω]]<br /><b class="num">1)</b> pl. срубленный лес, бревна: ξύλα νήϊα Hes. или ναυπηγήσιμα Thuc. корабельный лес; ξύλα τετράγωνα Her. четырехгранные бревна, балки;<br /><b class="num">2)</b> pl. поленья, дрова (ξύλα κάγκανα Hom.);<br /><b class="num">3)</b> пень или столб (ξ. ἢ δρυὸς ἢ πεύκης Hom.);<br /><b class="num">4)</b> деревянное сооружение: Ἀργοῦς ξ. Aesch. корабль Арго; ἵπποιο ξ. Anth. (Троянский) деревянный конь;<br /><b class="num">5)</b> дубинка, палица, палка (ἔχοντες ξύλα Her.; [[μετὰ]] μαχαιρῶν καὶ ξύλων NT);<br /><b class="num">6)</b> шейная или ножная колодка (ξ. σιδηρόδετον Her.; ἐν τῷ ξύλῳ δεδέσθαι Lys.): ξύλῳ φιμοῦν или ἐς [[ξύλον]] ἐγκαθαρμόσαι τὸν αὐχένα Arph. надеть на шею колодку;<br /><b class="num">7)</b> скамья: [[πρῶτον]] ξ. Arph. первая скамья (в афинском театре, предназначавшаяся для πρυτάνεις);<br /><b class="num">8)</b> стол менялы Dem.;<br /><b class="num">9)</b> дерево ([[ὄρος]] δασὺ παντοδαποῖς ξύλοις Xen.; ξ. τῆς ζωῆς NT): τὸ ξ. τῆς ἀμπέλου Eur. виноградная лоза; εἴρια ἀπὸ ξύλου Her. древесная шерсть, т. е. хлопок; εἵματα ἀπὸ ξύλων Her. предполож. одежды из древесной коры или луба;<br /><b class="num">10)</b> NT = [[σταυρός]];<br /><b class="num">11)</b> ксил (мера длины = 1.39 м).
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+{{etym
+|etymtx=Grammatical information: n.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">wood, construction-wood-, firewood, tree, beam, stick, foot-, neckblock, banc, table</b> (Il.); also as length-measure = <b class="b2">the side of the ναύβιον</b> (Hero Geom., pap.).<br />Compounds: Very many compp., e.g. <b class="b3">ξυλουργός</b> (<b class="b3">-οργός</b>, <b class="b3">-εργός</b>) m. [[carpenter]] with <b class="b3">-έω</b>, <b class="b3">-ία</b>, <b class="b3">-ικός</b> (IA.; cf. on <b class="b3">δημιουργός</b>); <b class="b3">μονό-ξυλος</b> <b class="b2">made from one piece of wood</b>, of <b class="b3">πλοῖον</b> a.o. (IA.). On <b class="b3">ξύλοχος</b> s. v.<br />Derivatives: 1. Dimin.: <b class="b3">ξυλ-άριον</b> <b class="b2">small piece of wood</b> (LXX, pap. a.o.), <b class="b3">-ήφιον</b> <b class="b2">piece of wood</b> (Hp., hell.), <b class="b3">-άφιον</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Eust.; on <b class="b3">-ήφιον</b>, <b class="b3">-άφιον</b> Wackernagel Glotta 4, 243 f. [Kl. Schr. 2, 1200f.]); <b class="b3">ξύλιον</b> <b class="b2">piece of wood</b> (pap. IVp). Further subst.: 2. <b class="b3">ξυλ-εύς</b> m. [[woodcutter]], name of a sacrificial attendant in Olympia (inscr. Ia, Paus., H.) with <b class="b3">-εύω</b>, <b class="b3">-εύομαι</b> <b class="b2">fetch wood</b> (hell. inscr., Men., H.), <b class="b3">-εία</b> f. <b class="b2">fetching wood, store of wood, construction-wood</b> (Plb., Str., pap.); Bosshardt 75; 3. <b class="b3">ξυλ-ίτης ἰχθῦς ποιός</b> H. (explan. in Strömberg Fischnamen 25); <b class="b3">-ῖτις</b> (<b class="b3">γῆ</b>, <b class="b3">χέρσος</b>) f. <b class="b2">shrub-coutry</b> (pap.; Redard 109 w. n.); 4. <b class="b3">ξυλών</b>, <b class="b3">-ῶνος</b> m. <b class="b2">place for wood</b> (Delos III--IIa). Adj. 1. <b class="b3">ξύλ-ινος</b> <b class="b2">of wood, wooden</b> (Pi., B., IA.), 2. <b class="b3">-ικός</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Arist.) with <b class="b3">-ικάριος</b> <b class="b2">woodhandler (?)</b> (Korykos; from Lat. <b class="b2">-ārius</b>), 3. <b class="b3">-ηρός</b> <b class="b2">regarding wood</b> (Delos IIIa), <b class="b3">-ηρά</b> f. [[woodzmarket]]? (pap. Ip), 4. <b class="b3">-ώδης</b> <b class="b2">woodlike, -coloured</b> (Hp., Arist., Thphr.). Verbs. 1. <b class="b3">ξυλ-ίζομαι</b> <b class="b2">fetch wood</b> (X., Plu.) with <b class="b3">-ισμός</b> <b class="b2">fetching wood</b> (Str., D.H.), <b class="b3">-ιστής</b> <b class="b2">who fetches wood</b> (sch.); 2. <b class="b3">ξυλ-όομαι</b>, <b class="b3">-όω</b> <b class="b2">become wood, make, make of wood</b> (Thphr., LXX) with <b class="b3">-ωσις</b> f. [[woodwork]] (Th., hell. inscr.), <b class="b3">-ωμα</b>, <b class="b3">-ωμάτιον</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Delos IIIa a.o.); 3. <b class="b3">ξυλ-εύω</b>, s. above on <b class="b3">ξυλεύς</b>.<br />Etymology: With <b class="b3">ξύλον</b> (from where on younger Att. vases <b class="b3">σύλον</b>, <b class="b3">σύλινος</b>; Schwyzer 211) agrees Lith. <b class="b2">šùlas</b> <b class="b2">(bucket-, ton-) stave, stander, pillar</b>, if from IE <b class="b2">*ḱsulo-</b>; besides, in vokalism deviating, several Slav. forms, e.g. Russ. <b class="b2">šúlo</b> n. <b class="b2">garden-pole</b>, Scr. [[šûlj]] m. [[block]] (IE <b class="b2">*ḱseulo-</b>?). Similarly with [[ū]] and anlaut. <b class="b2">s-</b>, Germ., e.g. OHG [[sūl]] f. [[style]], [[pole]], with [[au]] (IE [[ou]]?) Goth. [[sauls]] [[pillar]]. The relation between the Slav., Balt. and Germ. words has been amply discussed but hardly explained; s. Vasmer and Fraenkel s. vv. with ric lit. and further forms. Older lit. also in Bq, WP. 2, 503 f. and W.-Hofmann s. [[silva]]. Mann Slavon. Rev. 37, 134 still adduces Alb. [[shul]] [[bar]], [[nail]], [[siphon]]. -- Original connection with <b class="b3">ξύω</b> (e.g. Fick 3, 446, also as supposition Schwyzer 329) is not probable, secondary influence (Chantraine Form. 240) well acceptable.
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