ἰχθῦς: Difference between revisions

|Definition=(so Hdn.Gr.2.936, <b class="b3">-ῦς</b> and <b class="b3">-ύς</b> freq. in codd.), ύος, ὁ, acc. <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> ἰχθύν <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">Fr.</span>306</span>, cf. Hdn.Gr.<span class="bibl">1.416</span>, <span class="bibl">Choerob.<span class="title">in Theod.</span>1.383</span>, in late Poets also ἰχθύα <span class="title">AP</span>9.227 (Bianor), <span class="bibl">Theoc.21.45</span>: voc. ἰχθύ <span class="bibl">Erinn. 1</span>, <span class="bibl">Crates Com.14</span>: pl. ἰχθύες <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>109e</span>, etc., ἰχθῦς <span class="bibl">Alex.261.9</span>, acc. <b class="b3">ἰχθύας</b>, contr. ἰχθῦς <span class="bibl">Od.5.53</span>, both forms being used in Com., -ῦς <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>1068</span>, <span class="bibl">Archipp.29</span>, -ύας <span class="bibl">Antiph.68.12</span>, <span class="bibl">Ephipp.21</span>; codd. vary in <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>564b19</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PA</span>644a21</span>, <span class="bibl">D.S.5.3</span>, <span class="bibl">Str.8.3.19</span>, etc.; -ῦς <span class="title">SIG</span>997.1 (Smyrna, perh. i B.C.); -ύας <span class="bibl"><span class="title">BGU</span>1123.9</span> (Aug.), etc.: dual ἰχθῦ <span class="bibl">Antiph.194.15</span>:—<b class="b2">fish</b>, ὠμηστής <span class="bibl">Il.24.82</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">21.122</span>, al., cf. <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>277</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.93</span>,<span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>1297</span>,etc.: prov., ἀφωνότερος τῶν ἰχθύων or ἰχθύος ἀφωνότερος or ἄφωνος ὡς ἰχθύς <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Gall.</span>1</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.E.<span class="title">M.</span>2.18</span>: metaph., of <b class="b2">a stupid fellow, speechless, dumber than fish, magis mutus ipsis piscibus, mutus ipsis piscibus</b>, Plu.2.975b. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> in pl., <b class="b3">οἱ ἰχθύες</b> <b class="b2">the fish-market</b> at Athens, παρὰ τοὺς ἰχθῦς <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>1068</span>; ἐν τοῖς ἰχθύσι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">V.</span>789</span>, <span class="bibl">Antiph.125.1</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> pl., the constellation <span class="title">Pisces</span>, Eudox. ap. <span class="bibl">Hipparch.1.2.3</span>; ἰ. Διός <span class="bibl">Porph. <span class="title">Antr.</span>22</span>. (<b class="b3">ἱχθύς</b> Att. acc. to Gell.2.3.2.) [ῡ in disyll. cases, nom. -ῡς <span class="bibl">Il.21.127</span>, <span class="bibl">Damox.2.20</span>, <span class="bibl">Archestr.<span class="title">Fr.</span>52</span> (<b class="b3">ἰχθῦς οὖσα</b> shd. be read for <b class="b3">ἰχθὺς ἐοῦσα</b> in <span class="bibl">Matro <span class="title">Conv.</span>35</span>), acc. -ῡν <span class="bibl">Pherecr.120</span>, <span class="bibl">Antiph.166.7</span>, <span class="bibl">Archestr.<span class="title">Fr.</span>28</span>, but -ῠν <span class="bibl">Theoc.21.49</span>, and apptly. Pi. l.c.: ῠ in trisyll. cases and in all compds.] (Cf. Lith. <b class="b2">žuvìs</b>, Arm. <b class="b2">jukn</b>, 'fish'.)</span>

|etymtx=-ύος<br />Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: [[fish]] (Il.; on the accent Schwyzer 377f. and Berger Münch. Stud. zur Sprachwiss. 3, 7).<br />Compounds: Often as 1. member, mostly with added <b class="b3">ο</b>, e. g. <b class="b3">ἰχθυο-πώλης</b> (Com.) beside <b class="b3">ἰχθυ-βόλος</b> (A., AP ; <b class="b3">-βολεύς</b> Nic., Call.; Boßhardt Die Nom. auf <b class="b3">-ευς</b> 64). As 2. member in <b class="b3">ἄν-</b>, <b class="b3">εὔ-</b>, <b class="b3">πολύ-ϊχθυς</b> (Str.), also <b class="b3">πολυ-ΐχθυος</b> (h. Ap. 417; metr. easy).<br />Derivatives: Diminutivum <b class="b3">ἰχθύδιον</b> (Com., pap., prob. from <b class="b3">-υ-ΐδιον</b> > -<b class="b3">ύδιον</b>; later <b class="b3">-υ-</b>; Schwyzer 199 and Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 177f.; diff. Chantraine Formation 70). Othe subst.: <b class="b3">ἰχθύα</b>, Ion. <b class="b3">-ύη</b> <b class="b2">dried fish(skin), fishery</b> (medic., pap.); <b class="b3">ἰχθυήματα</b> pl. (rarely sg.) <b class="b2">fish-scales</b> (Hp.); <b class="b3">ἰχθυΐα</b> [[fishery]] (Procl.; cf. Scheller Oxytonierung 41); <b class="b3">ἰχθυεῖον</b> [[fishmarket]] (Nesos; uncertain); <b class="b3">ἰχθυόνερ ἰχθυαγωγοί</b> H.; cf. Schwyzer 487. - Adjectives: <b class="b3">ἰχθυόεις</b> <b class="b2">rich in fish, consisting of fish</b> (H.; on the formation Debrunner <b class="b3">Ἀντίδωρον</b> 28ff.); <b class="b3">ἰχθυώδης</b> <b class="b2">rich in fish, fish-like</b> (Hdt.); <b class="b3">ἰχθυηρός</b> <b class="b2">consisting of fish, scaly, polluted</b> (Ar., Ph.; on the unpleasant side Chantraine Formation 233), <b class="b3">ἰχθυηρά</b> f. <b class="b2">fish-taxes</b> (pap.; Mayser 1 : 3, 96); <b class="b3">ἰχθυϊκός</b> <b class="b2">regarding fish, fish-like</b> (LXX), <b class="b3">-ική</b> <b class="b2">fish-toll</b> (Magnesia, Ephesos); <b class="b3">ἰχθυακός</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Aq., Sm., Thd.); <b class="b3">ἰχθύϊνος</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Ael.). - Verbs: <b class="b3">ἰχθυάω</b> [[fish]], also intr. <b class="b2">behave like a fish</b> (Od.), also <b class="b3">ἰχθυάζομαι</b> [[fish]] (AP). Cf. the derivv. of <b class="b3">ἅλς</b> : <b class="b3">ἁλι-εύς</b>, <b class="b3">-εύω</b>, <b class="b3">-εία</b> etc., which compete with the <b class="b3">ἰχθῦς-</b>group.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [416] <b class="b2">*dǵhuH-</b> [[fish]]<br />Etymology: Old word for [[fish]] in gen., found in Armenian and Baltic: Arm. <b class="b2">ju-kn</b> (with the same enlargement as in <b class="b2">mu-kn</b> : <b class="b3">μῦς</b>), Lith. <b class="b2">žuvìs</b>, gen. pl. <b class="b2">žuv-ų̃</b>, Latv. [[zuvs]]. On the Greek vowelprothesis Schwyzer 413; on the initial consonants ibd. 325, Deroy L'Ant. class. 23, 306ff., Merlingen <b class="b3">Μνήμης χάριν</b> 2, 53; cf. on <b class="b3">ἰκτῖνος</b>, <b class="b3">χθών</b> and <b class="b3">χθές</b>. The long vowel represents a laryngeal. The word is now reconstructed <b class="b2">*dǵhuH-</b>. - Beside the central word <b class="b3">ἰχθῦς-</b> [[jukn]] - <b class="b2">žuvìs</b> there was in the West (Latin, Celtic, Germanic) a different word for [[fish]], Lat. [[piscis]], OIr. [[īasc]], NHG [[Fisch]].