καρπός: Difference between revisions

|Definition=(A), ὁ, <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[fruit]], in Hom. and Hes. (only in sg.), usu. of <b class="b2">the fruits of the earth, corn</b>, <b class="b3">ἀρούρης κ</b>. <span class="bibl">Il.6.142</span>; κ. δ' ἔφερε ζείδωρος ἄρουρα <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>117</span>; κ. Δήμητρος <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.193</span>, etc.; Δηοῦς <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>515</span>; <b class="b3">κ. ἀρούρης</b>, also of wine, <span class="bibl">Il.3.246</span>; <b class="b3">ἀμπέλινος κ</b>. <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.212</span>; so κ. alone, <span class="bibl">Ar. <span class="title">Nu.</span>1119</span> (codd. and Sch.); but of corn, opp. <b class="b3">Βάκχιον νᾶμα</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ec.</span>14</span>; <b class="b3">καρποῦ ξυγκομιδή</b> [[harvest]], <span class="bibl">Th.3.15</span>; <b class="b3">κ. λωτοῖο, κρανείης</b>, <span class="bibl">Od.9.94</span>, <span class="bibl">10.242</span>; <b class="b3">μελιηδέα κ</b>., of grapes, <span class="bibl">Il.18.568</span>; κ. ἐλαίας <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>10.35</span>; <b class="b3">τὸν ἐπέτειον κ</b>. the [[crops]] of the year, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>470b</span>: generally, [[produce]], <b class="b3">κ. ὑγρός</b>, of honey, <span class="bibl">Porph.<span class="title">Abst.</span>2.20</span>; also <b class="b3">κ. εὐανθὴς μήλων</b>, of wool, <span class="bibl">Opp.<span class="title">H.</span>2.22</span>: pl., <b class="b3">καρπῶν ἐστερήθητε διξῶν</b> robbed of two years' [[produce]], <span class="bibl">Hdt. 8.142</span>; καρπῶν ἀτελεῖς <span class="bibl">Id.6.46</span>; <b class="b3">κ. ὑγροὶ καὶ ξηροί</b> [[produce]] of trees and fields, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Oec.</span>5.20</span>; <b class="b3">ξύλινοι, σιτικοὶ κ</b>., <span class="bibl">Str.5.4.2</span>; of [[fruits]] offered in sacrifice, <span class="title">BMus.Inscr.</span>975.7 (Amathus), cf. κάρπωσις 11; also of <b class="b2">taxes paid in kind</b>, opp. <b class="b3">Χρυσικά</b>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PHib.</span>1.47.5</span> (iii B.C.), al. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[seed]], <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Oec.</span>16.12</span>; defined as <b class="b2">seed with seed-vessel</b>, <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>1.2.1</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> of children, <b class="b3">Δῖοι κ</b>. [[offspring]] of Zeus, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ion</span>922</span> (lyr.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> [[returns]], [[profits]], οἱ κ. οἱ ἐκ τῶν ἀγελῶν γενόμενοι <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.1.2</span>; <b class="b3">τῶν ἀνηλωμένων… τοὺς κ</b>. <span class="bibl">Is.5.29</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> of actions, [[fruit]], [[profit]], <b class="b3">εἰ κ. ἔσται θεσφάτοισι Λοξίου</b> if his oracles shall bear [[fruit]], i.e. be fulfilled, <span class="bibl">A. <span class="title">Th.</span>618</span>; <b class="b3">γλώσσης ματαίας κ</b>., i. e. curses, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Eu.</span>831</span> codd.; ὁμιλίας κακῆς κάκιον οὐδέν, κ. οὐ κομιστέος <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Th.</span>600</span>; οὐκ ἐξάγουσι καρπὸν οἱ ψευδεῖς λόγοι <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>834</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>260d</span>: freq. in Pi., <b class="b3">κ. ἐπέων οὐ κατέφθινε</b>, i. e. poesy, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">I.</span>8(7).50</span>; <b class="b3">κ. φρενῶν</b> wisdom, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">P.</span>2.74</span>; <b class="b3">κ. φρενός</b>, of his own ode, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">O.</span>7.8</span>; <b class="b3">ἥβας κ</b>., of the [[bloom]] of youth, ib.<span class="bibl">6.58</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">P.</span>9.109</span>; later, [[reward]], [[profit]], ἐπιτηδευμάτων <span class="bibl">Epicur.<span class="title">Sent.Vat.</span> 27</span>; <b class="b3">ὅπου ὁ κίνδυνος μέγας, καὶ ὁ κ</b>. <span class="bibl">Diog.Oen.27</span>; κ. νίκης <span class="bibl">Hdn.8.3.6</span>: freq. in <span class="title">NT</span>, κ. εἰρηνικὸς δικαιοσύνης <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Hebr.</span>12.11</span>, etc. (Cf. Lat. [[carpo]], Engl. [[harvest]].) </span><br /><span class="bld">καρπός</span> (B), ὁ, <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[wrist]], <span class="bibl">Il.24.671</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.24.398</span>, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Fract.</span>3</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span> 494a2</span>, etc.; ἐπὶ καρπῷ Χερός <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ion</span>1009</span>; <b class="b3">καρποὶ Χειρῶν</b> ib.<span class="bibl">891</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">Cyr.</span>6.4.2</span>. (Perh. cf. ONorse [[huerfa]] 'turn round'.)</span>

|etymtx=1.<br />Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">fruit, fruits of the earth, corn, yields</b> (Il.).<br />Dialectal forms: Myc. <b class="b2">ka-po</b><br />Compounds: several compp., e. g. <b class="b3">καρπο-φόρος</b>, <b class="b3">ἄ-καρπος</b>.<br />Derivatives: Diminut. <b class="b3">καρπίον</b> (Thphr., pap.); adjectives: <b class="b3">κάρπιμος</b> <b class="b2">giving fruit</b> (trag., com., hell.; cf. Arbenz Die Adj. auf <b class="b3">-ιμος</b> 45 a. 47), <b class="b3">καρπώδης</b> <b class="b2">rich in fruits</b> (Rom. empire). Denomin. verbs: 1. <b class="b3">καρπόομαι</b> [[reap fruits]], [[exploit]] (IA.), <b class="b3">-όω</b> [[give]], [[produce fruit]] = <b class="b2">bring (burnt) sacrif.</b> (A., LXX) with <b class="b3">κάρπωμα</b> <b class="b2">fruit, sacrif.</b> and <b class="b3">κάρπωσις</b> <b class="b2">use, profit, sacrif.</b>, <b class="b3">καρπώσιμος</b> (Hermipp. Hist.); cf. Bechtel Dial. 1, 449 a. 2, 550. 2. <b class="b3">καρπίζομαι</b> (<b class="b3">-ίζω</b> Paros; hell. inscr.) <b class="b2">reap fruits</b> (E., hell.), <b class="b3">-ίζω</b> [[fertilize]] (E. in lyr.); <b class="b3">καρπισμός</b> <b class="b2">yields </b> (Arist., Thphr.). 3. <b class="b3">καρπεύω</b>, <b class="b3">-εύομαι</b> <b class="b2">reap fruits</b> (Hyp., hell.) with <b class="b3">καρπεία</b> [[profit]], [[income]], <b class="b3">καρπεῖον</b> <b class="b2">id.</b>, also = <b class="b3">καρπός</b>.<br />Origin: Sub. Eur.<br />Etymology: The nearest comparison gives Lat. [[carpō]] <b class="b2">pluck (off)</b>; so <b class="b3">καρπός</b> <b class="b2">plucking off, what is reaped</b>; on the unexpected oxytonesis s. Schwyzer 459. Here also the Germ. word for [[autumn]], e. g. OHG [[herbist]] (IE. <b class="b2">*karpistos</b> prop. "best to pluck", from the month?); also Venet. PN. Carponia, Carpus etc.?; cf. Haas Sprache 2, 235 with uncertain further combinations. As <b class="b3">α</b> in <b class="b3">καρπός</b> (as opposed to the [[a]] in [[carpō]] and [[e]] in [[herbist]]) can also represent vocalic <b class="b2">r̥</b>, one also adduces Lith. <b class="b2">kerpù</b> <b class="b2">cut with a scissors</b>. However, Gr. <b class="b2">*r̥</b> would have given <b class="b3">-ρα-</b>. The connexion with <b class="b3">κρώπιον</b> is prob. wrong (s.v.; the word is Pre-Greek). Also Skt. <b class="b2">kr̥paṇa-</b> [[sword]] will be unrelated. The words for [[sickle]] may be related. The French (DELG) posit an "[[a]] populaire", which means that the word is a loan, from a Eur. substratum? Cf. Pok 944 <b class="b2">*(s)kerb(h)-</b>. Further s. [[κρώπιον]].<br />2.<br />Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">root of the hand</b> (Il.).<br />Compounds: As 1. member in <b class="b3">καρπό-δεσμον</b>, <b class="b3">-δεσμος</b>, <b class="b3">-δέσμιον</b> [[bracelet]] (pap., Luc.), hypostasis <b class="b3">ὑπο-κάρπιος</b> <b class="b2">under the hand-root</b> (Aristaenet.)<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">καρπωτός</b> <b class="b2">reaching to the h.</b> (LXX); <b class="b3">καρπίζομαι</b> <b class="b2">be taken at the h.</b>, a. o. as sign of manumission, <b class="b3">ἐπὶ ἐλευθερίᾳ</b> = <b class="b2">adseror in libertatem</b> (gloss.), with <b class="b3">καρπιστής</b> [[emancipator]] (Arr.), <b class="b3">καρπισμός</b>, <b class="b3">-ιστία</b> [[vindiciae]] (gloss.).<br />Origin: XX [etym. unknown]<br />Etymology: Schrader and Solmsen (s. on <b class="b3">καρπάλιμος</b>) connect a Germanic verb for <b class="b2">turn etc.</b>, e. g. Goth. <b class="b2">ƕaírban</b>, OHG [[hwerban]], [[hwerfan]] [[turn oneself]], [[werben]]. So the basis would be <b class="b3">*κϜαρπός</b> from IE. <b class="b2">*ku̯r̥p-</b>; on the phonetics Schwyzer 302. - Doubtful further connections in Pok. 631. The root has no certain connections outside Germanic. Michler assumes that it is the same word as <b class="b3">καρπός</b> [[fruit]] (Hermes 94 (1966) 314-319 [the article is too difficult for me]; see the remarks in Frisk III s.v.