θερμός: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ή, όν (but <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> θερμὸς ἀϋτμή <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Merc.</span>110</span>, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Th.</span>696</span>): (θέρω):— [[hot]], θ. λοετρά <span class="bibl">Il.14.6</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.8.249</span>; θ. λουτρά <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>12.19</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>634</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>761c</span>, etc.; δάκρυα <span class="bibl">Od.19.362</span>; of water, ib.<span class="bibl">388</span>; of glowing wood, <span class="bibl">9.388</span>; θ. καύματα <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.104</span> (Sup.); <b class="b3">ἦν ἄρα πυρὸς</b> ἕτερα -ότερα <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>382</span>: freq. in Att., of [[hot]] meals or drinks, TeleclId.1.8,32, <span class="bibl">Pherecr.130.8</span>, etc.; of blood, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>622</span>,<span class="bibl"><span class="title">Aj.</span>1411</span> (anap.); -οτάταν αἱμάδα <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ph.</span>696</span>; of fever, θ. νόσοι <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>3.66</span>; <b class="b3">θ. σῶμα</b> [[feverish]], <span class="bibl">Th.2.49</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> metaph., <b class="b2">hot-headed, hasty</b>, freq. of persons, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>603</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Eu.</span>560</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>918</span>, etc.; θ. καὶ ἀνδρεῖος <span class="bibl">Antipho 2.4.5</span>; of actions, πολλὰ καὶ θ. μοχθήσας <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>1046</span>; θ. ἔργον <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span> 415</span>; δρᾶν τι νεανικὸν καὶ θ. <span class="bibl">Amphis 33.10</span>; θ. ἐπὶ ψυχροῖσι καρδίαν ἔχεις <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>88</span>; θ. πόθος <span class="title">AP</span>5.114 (Phld.); φάρμακον <span class="bibl">Alciphr.1.37</span> (Comp.): c. inf., θερμότερος ἐπιχειρεῖν <span class="bibl">Antipho 2.1.7</span>: Sup., ὦ θερμόταται γυναῖκες <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Th.</span>735</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[still warm]], [[fresh]], ἴχνη <span class="title">AP</span>9.371; ἀτυχήματα Plu.2.798f; <b class="b3">θ. κακά</b>, opp. <b class="b3">ἕωλα</b>, ib.517f; γάμοι θ. καὶ ἴσως αὔριον <span class="bibl">Philostr. <span class="title">VA</span>4.25</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> <b class="b3">τὸ θ</b>.,= <b class="b3">θερμότης</b>, [[heat]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.142</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Cra.</span> 413c</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">θ</b>. (sc. <b class="b3">ὕδωρ</b>), τό, [[hot water]], <b class="b3">θερμῷ λοῦσθαι, βάπτειν</b>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>1044</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ec.</span>216</span>; θερμῷ κεκραμένος οἶνος Gal.11.56; also, [[hot drink]], <span class="bibl">Arr.<span class="title">Epict.</span>1.13.2</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">θερμόν, τό</b>, [[grace]], [[favour]], θ. εὑρεῖν ἐν ἐρήμῳ <span class="bibl">LXX<span class="title">Je.</span>38(31).2</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b3">τὰ θ</b>. (sc. <b class="b3">χωρία</b>) <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.29</span>; but (sc. <b class="b3">λουτρά</b>), [[hot springs]], <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>4.5.3</span>; τὰ θ. τοῦ Ἡρακλέους <span class="bibl">Str.9.4.2</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> Adv. -μῶς <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Euthd.</span>284e</span>: Comp. -ότερον, ἔχειν <span class="bibl">Eub.7.1</span>: neut. pl. as Adv., θερμὰ θερμὰ πηδῶσαι <span class="bibl">Herod.4.61</span>.</span><br /><span class="bld">θέρμος</span>, ὁ, <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[lupine]], [[Lupinus albus]], <span class="bibl">Alex.162.11</span>, <span class="bibl">266.2</span> (pl.), <span class="bibl">Timocl. 18.4</span> (pl.), <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>8.11.2</span>, Dsc.2.109, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PFlor.</span>379.47</span> (ii A.D.), <span class="title">AP</span> 11.413 (Ammian.); <b class="b3">εἰς τοὺς θ</b>. to the <b class="b2">lupine-market</b>, Teles<span class="bibl">p.13</span> H.</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: adj.<br />Meaning: [[warm]] (Il.).<br />Compounds: Often as 1, member, e. g. <b class="b3">Θερμο-πύλαι</b> (Hdt.; s. Risch IF 59, 267). On <b class="b3">ἄ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἔκ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἔν-θερμος</b> etc. s. below on <b class="b3">θέρμη</b> and <b class="b3">θερμαίνω</b>.<br />Derivatives: A. Substantives. 1. <b class="b3">θέρμη</b>, also <b class="b3">-μα</b> (s, Schwyzer 476 n. 2, Chantraine Formation 102 and 148) f. <b class="b2">warmth, heat, heat of fever</b> (IA) with <b class="b3">ἄ-θερμος</b> [[without warmth]] (Frisk Adj. priv. 11), <b class="b3">ἔν-θερμος</b> <b class="b2">with warmth inside, warm</b> (Strömberg Greek Prefix Studies 95); <b class="b3">θερμίζω</b> [[be feverish]] (Euboea). 2. <b class="b3">θερμότης</b> [[warmth]], [[heat]] (IA). 3. <b class="b3">θερμωλή</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Hp.; Frisk Eranos 41, 52). 4. <b class="b3">θερμέλη ἡ θέρμη</b> Suid. (Strömberg Wortstudien 79). 5. <b class="b3">θέρμασσα</b> = <b class="b3">κάμινος</b> (Hdn. Gr. 1, 267; formation unclear, cf. Schwyzer 525f., Müller-Graupa Glotta 31, 129). - B. Adjectives: 1. <b class="b3">θερμώδης</b> [[lukewarm]] (Aret.); here <b class="b3">Θερμώδων</b>, <b class="b3">-οντος</b> river name (Boeotia, Pontos; s. Krahe Beitr. z. Namenforschung 2, 236; 3, 162). 2. <b class="b3">θερμηρός</b> adjunct of <b class="b3">ποτήριον</b> (H. s. <b class="b3">κελέβη</b>; to <b class="b3">θέρμη</b>?). - C. Verbs: 1. <b class="b3">θέρμετο</b> ipf. [[became warm]] (Il.), <b class="b3">θέρμετε</b> ipv. <b class="b2">warmeth!</b> (θ 426; after it Ar. Ra. 1339); on the formation cf. Schwyzer 722f. 2. <b class="b3">θερμαίνω</b>, aor. <b class="b3">θερμῆναι</b> [[warm]] (Il.), often with prefix, e. g. <b class="b3">ἐκ-θερμαίνω</b> [[warm completely]] (Hp., Arist.) with postverbal <b class="b3">ἔκθερμος</b> [[very hot]] (Vett. Val.); from there <b class="b3">θέρμανσις</b> [[heating]] (Arist.) with <b class="b3">θερμαντικός</b> [[fit to make warm]] (Pl., Arist.), <b class="b3">θερμασία</b> [[heating]], [[warmth]] (Hp., Arist.; cf. Schwyzer 469), <b class="b3">θέρμασμα</b> [[warming cuff]] (medic.; s. Chantraine Formation 176), <b class="b3">θερμάστρα</b> s. <b class="b3">θερμάζω</b>; <b class="b3">θερμαντήρ</b> "warmer", [[kettle to cook water]] (Poll.) with <b class="b3">θερμαντήριος</b> [[warming]] (Hp., inscr.). 3. <b class="b3">θερμάζω</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> only aor. opt. med. <b class="b3">θερμάσσαιο</b> (Nic. Al. 587) with <b class="b3">θερμάστρα</b> f. [[furnace]] (Call.; also to <b class="b3">θερμαίνω</b>); also <b class="b3">θερμαύστρα</b> written through confusion with <b class="b3">θερμαυστρίς</b> (<b class="b3">θέρμ-</b>) <b class="b2">fire-tongs</b> (Arist., H.), cf. <b class="b3">πυρ-αύστρα</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (<b class="b3">αὔειν</b> [[bring fire]]); also metaph. as name of a dance (Poll., Ath.) with <b class="b3">θερμαυστρίζω</b> (Critias, Luc.); from <b class="b3">θερμάστρα</b>: <b class="b3">θερμαστρίς</b> (<b class="b3">θέρμ-</b>) = <b class="b3">θερμαντήρ</b> (Eup., LXX); the forms in <b class="b3">-αστρ-</b>, <b class="b3">-αυστρ-</b> are not regularly distinguished, cf. Schulze Kl. Schr. 189 w. n. 6; through dissimilation <b class="b3">θέρμαστις</b> meaning unclear (Attica IVa) with <b class="b3">θερμάστιον</b> (Aen. Tact.).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [493] <b class="b2">*gʷʰermo-</b> [[warm]]<br />Etymology: Inherited adjective, identical with Arm. <b class="b2">ǰerm</b> [[warm]], Thrak.-Phryg. <b class="b2">germo-</b> (in GN, e.g. <b class="b3">Γέρμη</b>), IE <b class="b2">*gʷʰermo-</b>; also in substantivized funktion Alb. [[zjarm]], [[zjarr]] [[heat]]. With <b class="b2">o-</b>vocalism, originally substantiv., IE <b class="b2">*gʷʰormo-</b> in Skt. <b class="b2">gharmá-</b> m. [[heat]], OPr. [[gorme]] <b class="b2">id.</b>; sec. also adjectival in Av. <b class="b2">garǝma-</b>, Lat. [[formus]], Germ., e. g. NHG [[warm]] . Uncertain Toch. A <b class="b2">śārme</b> <b class="b2">heat (?)</b>. More forms in W.-Hofmann s. [[formus]], Mayrhofer Wb. s. <b class="b2">gharmáḥ</b>; s. on [[θέρομαι]], <b class="b3">θέρος</b>.