σφήν: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=σφηνός<br />Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: [[wedge]] (A. Pr. 64, Ar., Arist., hell. pap.).<br />Compounds: Some compp., e.g. <b class="b3">σφηνό-πους</b>, <b class="b3">-ποδος</b> <b class="b2">with wedge-shaped feet</b> (<b class="b3">κλίνη</b>; Ceos Va; cf. <b class="b3">σφανίον</b> below and Sommer Nominalkomp. 30), <b class="b3">ἐπί-σφηνος</b> <b class="b2">wedge-shaped</b> (Lebadeia, Strömberg Prefix Studies 100), <b class="b3">ἀντι-σφήν</b> <b class="b2">counter-wedge</b> (Ph. Bel.).<br />Derivatives: 1. Dimin. <b class="b3">σφην-ίσκος</b> m. (Hp. a.o.), <b class="b3">-άριον</b> n. (late medic.), uncertain <b class="b3">-ίς</b>, <b class="b3">-ίδιον</b> (Hero). 2. <b class="b3">σφανίον κλινίδιον</b> and <b class="b3">ἐν σφανίῳ ἐν κλιναρίῳ</b> H. (Schulze KZ 45, 190f. = Kl. Schr. 379); but <b class="b3">παρα-σφήν-ιον</b> n. <b class="b2">side-wedge</b> (hell. inscr. a. pap.) hypostasis. 3. <b class="b3">-όομαι</b>, <b class="b3">-όω</b>, often w. prefix, e.g. <b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>, <b class="b3">δια-</b>, <b class="b3">παρα-</b>, <b class="b2">wedged in, to be wedged, to wedge (in)</b> (Arist., medic., hell. a. late) with <b class="b3">σφήνωσις</b> (<b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>, <b class="b3">δια-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>) f. [[the wedging in]] (medic. a.o.), <b class="b3">ἀποσφήν-ωμα</b> n. <b class="b2">wedge-shaped block</b> (pap. IIp).<br />Origin: XX [etym. unknown]<br />Etymology: From <b class="b3">σφανίον</b> and Cean <b class="b3">σφηνόπους</b>, of which the <b class="b3">Η</b> cannot render PGr. [[ē]] but must contain a PGr. <b class="b2">a-</b>sound, we get for <b class="b3">σφήν</b> a basic form <b class="b3">*σφάν</b>, if need be <b class="b3">*σφανσ-</b> (cf. <b class="b3">χήν</b>) or <b class="b3">*σφα-ην</b> (WP. 2, 652f., Pok. 980, Schwyzer 487 n. 7 w. lit.; diff. Wahrmann Glotta 6, 162ff.). Through this the traditional identification (since Kuhn KZ 4, 15) with a Germ. word for [[chip]] in OHG [[spān]], OE [[spōn]], OWNo. [[spānn]], [[spōnn]], PGm. <b class="b2">*spēn-u-</b>, must be given up. The words given sub [[σπάθη]] may be compared. -- Skt. <b class="b2">sphyá-</b> n. m. approx. <b class="b2">slice, kind of oar etc.</b> (on the meaning Janert KZ 79, 89ff.) remains far; hypothesis by Thieme Die Heimat d. idg. Gemeinspr. 16 (agreeing Janert l.c.): to NHG [[Espe]] etc.; against this Hiersche Ten. aspiratae 164 f. -- So no etym.