λαγχάνω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=fut. <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> λήξομαι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>617e</span>; Ion. <b class="b3">λάξομαι</b> (cf. [[λάξις]]) <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.144</span>: aor. ἔλᾰχον <span class="bibl">Il.9.367</span>, etc.; Ep. ἔλλαχον <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Cer.</span>87</span>, v.l. for [[ἔλλαβεν]] in <span class="bibl">Theoc.25.271</span>; Ep. λάχον <span class="bibl">Il.4.49</span>, al.; Aeol. opt. 1sg. λαχόην Sapph.9 (λαχοίην <span class="bibl">A.D. <span class="title">Synt.</span>247.25</span>); for <b class="b3">λέλᾰχον</b> v. infr. IV: pf. εἴληχα <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>376</span>, <span class="bibl">423</span>, etc.: plpf. εἰλήχει <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>107d</span>; poet. and Ion. λέλογχα <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>1.53</span>, <span class="bibl">B.9.39</span>, <span class="bibl">Emp.20.3</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Tr.</span>282</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.53</span>, Test. ap.<span class="bibl">D.21.82</span>, <span class="bibl">D.H.4.83</span>, etc., but not in early Att. Prose; 3pl. <b class="b3">λελογχᾰσι</b> (ν) <span class="bibl">Od.11.304</span>, <span class="bibl">Emp.102</span>, but λελᾰχᾱσι <span class="bibl">Id.115.5</span>; part. λελαχώς Phld.<span class="title">D.</span>1.17; Dor. 3sg. λελόγχει <span class="bibl">Theoc.4.40</span>: plpf. ἐλελόγχει <span class="bibl">Luc. <span class="title">Am.</span>18</span>:—Pass., aor. ἐλήχθην <span class="bibl">Lys.17.8</span>, <span class="bibl">Is.9.24</span>, <span class="bibl">D.38.20</span>: pf. εἴληγμαι <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Tr.</span>296</span>, <span class="bibl">D.30.34</span>; 3pl. λελάχαται Perict. ap. Stob.4.28.19: </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">I</span> c. acc. rei, [[obtain by lot]], of spoils, opp. <b class="b3">ἐξαιρεῖσθαι</b>, <span class="bibl">Od.14.233</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Il. 9.367</span>, etc.: generally, [[obtain as one's portion]], τὸ γὰρ λάχομεν γέρας ἡμεῖς <span class="bibl">4.49</span>; λαχόντα τε ληΐδος αἶσαν <span class="bibl">18.327</span>; πρὸς δαιμόνων ὄλβον <span class="bibl">Pi. <span class="title">N.</span>9.45</span>; μέζονας μοίρας λ. <span class="bibl">Heraclit.25</span>; μοῖραν ἴσην, ὡς αὐτοί περ ἐλάγχανον <span class="bibl">Od.20.282</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.144</span>: with inf. added, <b class="b3">ἔλαχον πολιὴν ἅλα ναιέμεν</b> I [[had]] the sea [[for my portion]] to dwell in, <span class="bibl">Il.15.190</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span> 6.34</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>931</span> (anap.); ἔλαχ' ἄναξ δούλην σ' ἔχειν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Tr.</span>278</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">282</span> (lyr.); of a deity as presiding over one's life, ἐμὲ μὲν Κὴρ… λάχε γεινόμενόν περ <span class="bibl">Il.23.79</span>; τῶ σκληρῶ μάλα δαίμονος ὅς με λελόγχει <span class="bibl">Theoc. 4.40</span>; δαίμων ὁ τὴν ἡμετέραν μοῖραν εἰληχώς <span class="bibl">Lys.2.78</span>; ὦ δαῖμον, ὅς με… εἴληχας <span class="bibl">Alciphr.3.49</span>: also, esp. in pf., to [[be the tutelary deity of]] a place, [[protect]] it. [Πὰν] πάντα λόφον… λέλογχε <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Hom.</span>19.6</span>; θεοῖσι οἳ Περσίδα γῆν λελόγχασι <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.53</span>; παῖ Ῥέας, ἃ πρυτανεῖα λέλογχας <span class="bibl">Pi. <span class="title">N.</span>11.1</span>; of Athena, ἣ τὴν ὑμετέραν πόλιν ἔλαχε <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>23d</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span> 319</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ph.</span>1576</span> (lyr.): metaph., ἀκέρδεια λέλογχεν θαμινὰ κακαγόρος <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>1.53</span>: freq. of persons [[who have a post assigned to them by lot]], κλήρῳ νῦν πεπάλασθε διαμπερές, ὅς κε λάχῃσι <span class="bibl">Il.7.171</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">179</span>, <span class="bibl">23.354</span>, <span class="bibl">862</span>: c. inf., κλήρῳ λάχον ἐνθάδ' ἕπεσθαι <span class="bibl">24.400</span>; so πάλῳ λαχεῖν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>55</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.94</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">3.128</span>; ὡς ἐν πύλαις ἕκαστος εἴληχεν πάλον <span class="bibl">A. <span class="title">Th.</span>376</span>: abs., <b class="b3">πρὸς Θύμβρης ἔλαχον Δύκιοι</b> [[had their post assigned]] near Thymbra, <span class="bibl">Il.10.430</span>; <b class="b3">ἐπί, ἐν πύλαις λ</b>., <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>423</span>, <span class="bibl">451</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">λαχών</b> alone, <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.128</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">λ. τινὰ διδάσκαλον</b> [[have him assigned to one by lot]], <span class="bibl">Antipho 6.11</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> at Athens, [[obtain]] an office [[by lot]], <b class="b3">ἀρχὰς λαχεῖν</b>, opp. <b class="b3">χειροτονηθῆναι</b> (to be elected), <span class="bibl">D.57.25</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>1111</span>; οὐδεμίαν [ἀρχὴν] λαχὼν οὐδὲ χειροτονηθείς <span class="bibl">Aeschin.1.106</span>: more freq. c. inf., <b class="b3">ὁ τῷ κυάμῳ λαχὼν πολεμαρχέειν</b> [[he who had the lot]] to be polemarch, <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.109</span>; ἔλαχον πρότεροι ἀποδιδόναι <span class="bibl">Th.5.21</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">35</span>; λαχὼν… ἱερομνημονεῖν <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>623</span>; <b class="b3">λαχόντος βουλεύειν</b> [[when I became]] Member of Council [[by lot]], <span class="bibl">D.21.111</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">59.3</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>473e</span>: c. gen., <b class="b3">λαχεῖν τῶν ἐξιόντων</b> [[to be chosen by lot]] as one of... <span class="bibl">D.21.133</span>; also οἱ ταμίαι οἱ λαχόντες <span class="title">IG</span>12.91.21; <b class="b3">λαχεῖν βασιλεύς, ἐπιμελητής, ἱερεύς</b>, etc., <span class="bibl">Lys.6.4</span>, <span class="bibl">Din.2.10</span>, <span class="bibl">D.57.47</span>, etc.; ἐπίσκοπος τῷ κυάμῳ λαχών <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>1022</span>; <b class="b3">οἱ πεντακόσιοι &lt;οἱ&gt; λαχόντες τῷ κυάμῳ</b> Lexap.<span class="bibl">And.1.96</span>: abs., <b class="b3">κληρούχους τοὺς λαχόντας</b> [[those on whom the lot fell]], <span class="bibl">Th.3.50</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span> 765c</span>; τοὺς λαχόντας προέδρους <span class="title">SIG</span>465.6 (Athens, iii B. C.); rare exc. in Athens, <b class="b3">λαχὼν ἱερεύς</b> ib.762.12 (Dionysopolis, i B. C.), etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> as Att. law-term, <b class="b3">λαγχάνειν δίκην</b> [[obtain leave to bring]] a suit (esp. a private suit), prob. because the presiding magistrates decided the order of hearing by lot; <b class="b3">λ. δίκην τινί</b> [[against]] one, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Euthphr.</span>5b</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Lg.</span> 938b</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Aeschin.2.99</span>; ἔγκλημά τινι <span class="bibl">D.34.16</span>; <b class="b3">τὸν εἰληχότα τοῦ κλήρου τὴν δίκην</b> the person [[suing]] for the inheritance, <span class="bibl">Is.8.3</span>: without <b class="b3">τὴν δίκην, εἴληχε μὲν αὑτῷ τῆς θυγατρὸς τῆς Εὐκτήμονος ὡς οὔσης ἐπικλήρου</b> he [[has claimed]] Euctemon's daughter... <span class="bibl">Id.6.46</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">D.48.20</span>; λ. τινὶ τοῦ συμβολαίου <span class="bibl">Lys.17.3</span>; λ. φόνου ἐμαυτῷ <span class="bibl">D.21.120</span>; also <b class="b3">λ. τῷ υἱεῖ τῆς ἐπικλήρου</b> [[prosecute the claim]] on his son's behalf, <span class="bibl">And.1.121</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">124</span>; λ. δίκην τινὶ εἰς τοὺς Ἀμφικτύονας χιλίων ταλάντων ὑπέρ τινος <span class="bibl">D. 59.98</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Isoc.16.2</span>: abs., λ. πρὸς τὸν ἄρχοντα <span class="bibl">Is.11.33</span>: metaph., τοῦ σώματος [τῇ ψυχῇ] δίκην λαχόντος <span class="bibl">Democr.159</span>:—Pass., πρὸς οὓς αἱ δίκαι ἐλήχθησαν <span class="bibl">Lys.17.8</span>; πρὸ τοῦ τὴν δίκην ληχθῆναι <span class="bibl">D.54.28</span>: impers., <b class="b3">τούτοις λαγχάνεται</b> [[proceedings are taken]], <span class="bibl">Id.23.76</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> c. gen. partit., [[become possessed of]] a thing, ὥς κεν Ἀχιλλεὺς δώρων ἐκ Πριάμοιο λάχῃ <span class="bibl">Il.24.76</span>; ἔλαχον κτερέων <span class="bibl">Od.5.311</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Thgn.934</span>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">I.</span>8(7).69</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Fr.</span>75.6</span>, <span class="bibl">B.1.56</span>, <span class="bibl">9.39</span>, <span class="title">Lyr.Adesp.</span>53, <span class="bibl">Emp.102</span>, <span class="bibl">115.5</span>, <span class="bibl">Democr.21</span>; εὖ πραπίδων λαχόντα <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>380</span> (lyr.); χρυσῆς… τιμῆς λαχεῖν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>699</span>; οὔ τι μὴ λάχωσι τοῦδε συμμάχου <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">OC</span>450</span>; <b class="b3">γέννας</b> ἀφθίτου λαχόντες <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Fr.</span>278</span>; διπλοῦ βίου λαχόντες <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Supp.</span>1086</span>; <b class="b3">πατρῴων οὐ λαχών</b> not [[having obtained]] thy patrimony, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Tr.</span>1192</span>; τῆς εὐπρεπεστάτης τελευτῆς <span class="bibl">Th.2.44</span>; δείπνου τε καὶ ὕπνου λαγχάνομεν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Hier.</span>6.9</span>; also χθονὸς λαχεῖν τοσοῦτον ἐνθανεῖν μόνον <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>790</span>; γάμου μέρος λαχοῦσα <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ant.</span>918</span>; τύμβου κοινὸν εἰληχὼς μέρος <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">El.</span> 1135</span>; τῆς γῆς τὸ πρὸς Νότον εἴληχε Παλλάς <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Fr.</span>24.8</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> abs., [[draw lots]], κατάστασις ἡ διὰ τοῦ λαγχάνειν γιγνομένη <span class="bibl">Isoc.7.23</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">D.S. 4.63</span>, etc.; περί τινος D.21 Arg.2&lt;*&gt;&lt;*&gt; 3, 4, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Jo.</span>19.24</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> causal only in Ep. redupl. aor. <b class="b3">λέλᾰχον</b>, [[put in possession of]] a thing, [[grant]] one [[the rights of]]... ὄφρα πυρός με Τρῶες… λελάχωσι θανόντα <span class="bibl">Il.7.80</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">15.350</span>, <span class="bibl">23.76</span>: later this aor. is used intr. in <span class="title">AP</span>7.341 (Procl.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">V</span> intr., [[fall to one's lot]] or [[share]], <b class="b3">ἐς ἑκάστην [νῆα] ἐννέα λάγχανον αἶγες</b> nine goats [[were allotted]] to each, <span class="bibl">Od.9.160</span>; αἰὼν δυσαίων ἔλαχεν <span class="bibl">E. <span class="title">Hel.</span>214</span> (lyr.); ὅσοις… τὸ σωφρονεῖν εἴληχεν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>80</span>; τὸ λαχὸν μέρος ἑκάστῳ τῷ θεῷ <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>745e</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Epin.</span>992d</span>; τὴν πρὸς Νότον λαχεῖν φασι Δευκαλίωνι <span class="bibl">Str.9.5.23</span>.</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">obtain by lot (office, complains), obtain one's portion</b> (on the meaning Debrunner Mus. Helv. 1, 36ff.) (Od.)<br />Other forms: aor. <b class="b3">λαχεῖν</b> (Il.), causat. <b class="b3">λελαχεῖν</b> (Il.), perf. <b class="b3">λέλογχα</b> (λ 304), <b class="b3">λέλαχα</b> (Emp.), <b class="b3">εἴληχα</b> (A., Att.), fut. <b class="b3">λάξομαι</b> (Hdt.), <b class="b3">λήξομαι</b> (Pl.), pass. perf. <b class="b3">εἴληγμαι</b>, aor. <b class="b3">ληχθῆναι</b> (Att.),<br />Compounds: also with prefix, e. g. <b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>, <b class="b3">δια-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀντι-</b>, <b class="b3">συν-</b>.<br />Derivatives: 1. With old <b class="b2">o-</b>coloured full grade: <b class="b3">λόγχη</b> f. [[share]] (Ion.; on the acc. cf. Schwyzer 459 b 1); with <b class="b3">εὔ-λογχος</b> = <b class="b3">εὔ-μοιρος</b> (Democr.) with <b class="b3">εὑλογ</b><<b class="b3">χ</b>><b class="b3">εῖν εὑμοι-ρεῖν</b> H. 2. With zero grade: <b class="b3">λάξις</b> <b class="b2">portion, share (of land)</b> (Hdt., Miletus), <b class="b3">Ἀπόλαξις</b> (Eretria); <b class="b3">Λάχεσις</b> f. name of one of the Moirai, also appellat. [[share]], [[lot]] (Hes., Pi.; after <b class="b3">γένεσις</b>? Holt Les noms d'action en <b class="b3">-σις</b> 93, Porzig Satzinhalte 336f.; cf. esp. <b class="b3">Νέμεσις</b> and Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 51 n. 1); younger formations <b class="b3">λάχος</b> n. [[lot]], [[share]] (Thgn., Pi., A.; also Arc.) and <b class="b3">λάχη</b> (<b class="b3">λαχή</b>?) f. <b class="b2">id.</b> (A. Th. 914, H.); cf. on <b class="b3">λαχαίνω</b>; PN <b class="b3">Λάχης</b>, <b class="b3">-ητος</b> m. (Th.); <b class="b3">λαχμός</b> = <b class="b3">λάχος</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Sch., Eust.). 3. With sec. full grade (cf. below): <b class="b3">λῆξις</b> (<b class="b3">σύν-</b>, <b class="b3">διά-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀντί-</b>) <b class="b2">drawing (lot), lot, i. e. written complaint</b> (Att.). To the old <b class="b3">λέλογχα</b>, <b class="b3">λόγχη</b> and <b class="b3">λαχεῖν</b>, <b class="b3">λάξις</b> arose after <b class="b3">εἴληφα</b>, <b class="b3">λήψομαι</b>, <b class="b3">λῆψις</b> (<b class="b3">λαγχάνω</b>: <b class="b3">λαμβάνω</b>, <b class="b3">λαχεῖν</b> : <b class="b3">λαβεῖν</b>) as innovations <b class="b3">εἴληχα</b>, <b class="b3">λήξομαι</b>, <b class="b3">λῆξις</b> etc.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] <b class="b2">*lengʰ-</b> <b class="b2">obtain (by lot)</b>?<br />Etymology: No certain agreement. Quite doubtful hypothesis by Mayrhofer ZDMG 105, 181 n. 2 (S. 182; after Thieme): to Skt. <b class="b2">lakṣá-</b> [[stake]] (: <b class="b3">λάχος</b> as <b class="b2">vatsá-</b>: <b class="b3">Ϝέτος</b>; but <b class="b3">λάχος</b> is innovation). On earlier attempts s. Bq. - A notable agreement with <b class="b3">Λάχεσις</b> is Messap. [[Logetibas]] (dat.pl.), to which <b class="b3">Λάγεσις θεός</b>. <b class="b3">Σικελοί</b> H.; it must be an old loan; cf. Krahe Arch. f. Religionswiss. 30, 393ff., Kretschmer Glotta 12, 278ff.; on the <b class="b2">o-</b>vowel also Krahe Glotta 17, 102 n. 2.