ἀφίημι: Difference between revisions

|Definition=2sg. <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> ἀφίης <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phlb.</span>50d</span>, etc., 3sg. [[ἀφίησι]], also [[ἀφίει]], Ion. ἀπίει <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.96</span>, 1pl. ἀφίεμεν <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>1426</span>; imper. ἀφίει <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">V.</span>428</span>: impf. [[ἀφίειν]], with double augm. ἠφίειν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Euthd.</span>293a</span>; 3sg. ἀφίει <span class="bibl">Il. 1.25</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>22.777.15, <span class="bibl">D.6.20</span>, Ion. ἀπίει <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.157</span>, ἠφίει <span class="bibl">Th.2.49</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Ly.</span>222b</span>, ἤφιε <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Marc.</span>11.16</span>; 2pl. ἀφίετε <span class="bibl">D.23.188</span>; 3pl. [[ἀφίεσαν]] <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Heracl.</span>821</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.2.76</span>, <span class="bibl">D.21.79</span>, etc., ἠφίεσαν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>4.6.11</span>, ἠφίουν <span class="bibl">Is. 6.40</span> (dub.): fut. ἀφήσω <span class="bibl">Il.2.263</span>, etc., Ion. ἀπ- <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.193</span>: pf.ἀφεῖκα <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>2.3.13</span>, <span class="bibl">D.56.26</span>: aor. I [[ἀφῆκα]], Ion.[[ἀπ-]], Ep.[[ἀφέηκα]], used in ind. only, <span class="bibl">Il.23.841</span>, etc.: aor. 2 ind. only in dual and pl., [[ἀφέτην]], [[ἀφεῖμεν]], [[ἀφεῖτε]] or [[ἄφετε]], [[ἀφεῖσαν]] or [[ἄφεσαν]]; imper. [[ἄφες]], subj. [[ἀφῶ]], opt. αφείην (2pl. ἀφεῖτε <span class="bibl">Th.1.139</span>), inf. [[ἀφεῖναι]], part. [[ἀφείς]]:—Med., [[ἀφίεμαι]], Ion. [[ἀπίεμαι]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.101</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.2.60</span>, etc.: impf.3sg. ἀφίετο <span class="bibl">Od.23.240</span>, <span class="bibl">D.25.47</span>: fut. ἀφήσομαι <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hel.</span>1629</span>: aor. 2 ἀφείμην <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Hier.</span>7.11</span>; imper. [[ἀφοῦ]], [[ἄφεσθε]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1521</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ec.</span>509</span>; inf. -έσθαι <span class="bibl">Isoc.6.83</span>, part. -έμενος <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>354b</span>; Arc.inf.ἀφεῶσθαι <span class="title">SIG</span>306.19(Tegea, iv B. C.):—Pass., pf. ἀφεῖμαι <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>1165</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>635a</span>; inf.ἀφεῖσθαι <span class="title">SIG</span>577.77 (Milet., iii/ii B. C.): plpf. 2sg. ἀφεῖσο <span class="bibl">Men.<span class="title">Epit.</span>572</span>: rarer pf. 3pl. ἀφέωνται <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Jo.</span>20.23</span>, imper. ἀφεώσθω <span class="title">IG</span>5(2).6.14: aor. ἀφείθην <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1377</span>, ἀφέθην <span class="bibl">Batr.87</span>, Ion. ἀπείθην <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.112</span>; later Aeol. inf. ἀφέθην <span class="title">Milet.</span>3 No.152.34 (ii B. C.): fut. ἀφεθήσομαι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>472a</span>, etc. [ῐ mostly in Ep. (except in augm. tenses): ῑ always in Att. Hom. also has [[ἀφῑετε]], metri gr., <span class="bibl">Od.7.126</span>]:—[[send forth]], [[discharge]], of missiles, [[ἔγχος]], [[δίσκον ἀφῆκεν]], <span class="bibl">Il.10.372</span>, <span class="bibl">23.432</span>; ἀφῆκ' ἀργῆτα κεραυνόν <span class="bibl">8.133</span>; ἀπῆκε βέλος <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.18</span>, etc.: hence in various senses, [[ἀ. ἑαυτὸν ἐπί τι]] [[throw oneself]] upon, [[give oneself up]] to it, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>373d</span>; ἀ. αὑτὸν εἰς τὴν πολιτείαν <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Alc.</span>13</span>; [[ἀ. γλῶσσαν]] [[let loose]] one's tongue, [[make]] utterance, <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.15</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>991</span>; [[ἀ. φθογγήν]] ib.<span class="bibl">418</span>; ἔπος <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>731</span>; φωνάς <span class="bibl">D.18.218</span>; γόους <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">El.</span>59</span> (v. infr. <span class="bibl">11.2</span>); ἀρὰς ἀφῆκας παιδί <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>1324</span>; [[ἀ. θυμὸν ἔς τινας]] [[give vent to]] . . (v. infr. <span class="bibl">11.2</span>), <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>1088</span>; [[ὀργὴν εἴς τινα]] [[vent]] upon... <span class="bibl">D.22.58</span>; [[ἀ. δάκρυα]] [[shed]] tears, <span class="bibl">Aeschin.3.153</span>; [[ἀ. παντοδαπὰ χρώματα]] [[change]] colour in all ways, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ly.</span>222b</span>; freq.of liquids, etc., [[emit]], [[ἀ. τὸ ὑγρόν]], [[τὸν θολόν]], [[τὸ σπέρμα]], etc., <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>487a18</span>, <span class="bibl">524a12</span>, <span class="bibl">489a9</span>; [[ἀ. τὸ ᾠόν]], [[τὸ κύημα]], ib.<span class="bibl">568b30</span>, <span class="bibl">a22</span>; of plants, ἄνθος ἀφιεῖσαι [[putting forth]], <span class="bibl">Od.7.126</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>7.7.3</span>; of a spider, ἀ. ἀράχνιον <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>555b5</span>; ἱδρῶτα <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Mar.</span>26</span>; [[put forth]], [[produce]], καρπόν <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>3.4.5</span>; [[φύλλον]] ib. <span class="bibl">6.5.1</span> (but [[ἀ. σπέρμα]] [[leave]] issue, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Marc.</span>12.22</span>):—Pass., to [[be emitted]], <span class="bibl">Il.4.77</span> (tm.); of troops, [[to be let go]], [[launched]] against the enemy, <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.112</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[let fall]] from one's grasp, <span class="bibl">Il.12.221</span>; opp. [[κατέχω]], Plu.2.508d; πόντιον ἀ. τινά <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>797</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> [[give up]] or [[hand over to]], τὴν Ἰωνίην τοῖσι βαρβάροισι <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.106</span>; ἐχθροῖς αἶαν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>306</span>; ἀ. τινὰ δημόσια εἶναι <span class="bibl">Th.2.13</span>:—Pass., ἡ Ἀττικὴ ἀπεῖτο ἤδη <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.49</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> [[send away]], </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">1</span> of persons, κακῶς ἀφίει <span class="bibl">Il.1.25</span>; αὐτὸν δὲ κλαίοντα . . ἀφήσω <span class="bibl">2.263</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> [[let go]], [[loose]], [[set free]], ζωόν τινα ἀ. <span class="bibl">20.464</span>; [[let loose]], βοῦς <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.69</span>; περιστεράς <span class="bibl">Alex.62.3</span>; ἀ. Αἴγιναν αὐτόνομον <span class="bibl">Th.1.139</span>; ἀφίημι ἐλεύθερον, ἀφίημι ἀζήμιον, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>591a</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Lg.</span>765c</span>; τινὰς ἀφορολογήτους <span class="bibl">Plb.18.46.5</span>; ἀφέντ' ἐᾶν τινα <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>754</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Fr.</span>463</span>; [[ἐς οἴκους]], [[ἐκ γῆς]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>320</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IT</span>739</span>: c. acc. pers. et gen. rei, [[release from]] a thing, ἀποικίης <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.157</span>: in legal sense, [[acquit of]] a charge or engagement, φόνου τινα <span class="bibl">D.37.59</span> (abs., [[ἐὰν αἰδέσηται καὶ ἀφῇ]] ibid.); συναλλαγμάτων <span class="bibl">Id.33.12</span>: c. acc. only, [[acquit]], <span class="bibl">Antipho 2.1.2</span>, etc. (v. infr. 2 c):—Pass., κινδύνου ἀφιέμενοι <span class="bibl">Th.4.106</span>; [[τοὺς γέροντας τοὺς ἀφειμένους]] [[released]] from duty, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1275a15</span>; ἐγκλημάτων ἀφεῖσο <span class="bibl">Men.<span class="title">Epit.</span>572</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">c</span> [[let go]], [[dissolve]], [[disband]], of an army or fleet, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.77</span>, etc.; [[dismiss]], [[δικαστήρια]] (opp. [[λύειν ἐκκλησίαν]]) <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>595</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">d</span> [[put away]], [[divorce]], γυναῖκα <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.39</span>; [[ἀ. γάμους]] [[break off]] a marriage, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Andr.</span>973</span>; [[ἀ. τὸν υἱόν]] [[disown]] him, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span>1163b22</span> (but with metaph. from [[releasing]] a debtor). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">e</span> [[dedicate]], τὰ νεογνὰ τῷ θεῷ <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyn.</span>5.14</span>; ἱερὸν . . ἄβατον ἀφεῖτο <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Criti.</span>116c</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> of things, [[get rid of]], ἀφέτην πολυκαγκέα δίψαν <span class="bibl">Il. 11.642</span>; [[ἀφίει μένος [ἔγχεος]]] [[slackened]] its force, <span class="bibl">13.444</span>; [[ἀ. ὀργήν]] [[put away]] wrath (v. supr. <span class="bibl">1.1</span>), <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>317</span>; ὀργήν τινι <span class="bibl">Arr.<span class="title">An.</span>1.10.6</span>; [[γόους]] (v. supr. <span class="bibl">1.1</span>) <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>1022</span>; νόσημα <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Prorrh.</span>2.39</span>; [[ἀ. πνεῦμα]], [[ψυχήν]], [[give up]] the ghost, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>571</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Or.</span>1171</span>: in Prose, [[give up]], [[leave off]], μόχθον <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.206</span>; [[ξυμμαχίαν]], [[σπονδάς]], <span class="bibl">Th.5.78</span>, <span class="bibl">115</span>, etc.:—Med., ἀ. τὸ προλέγειν <span class="bibl">D.S.19.1</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> [[ἀ. πλοῖον ἐς]] . . [[loose]] ship for a place, <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.42</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">c</span> in legal sense (v. supr. Ib), c. dat. pers. et acc. rei, [[ἀ. τινὶ αἰτίην]] [[remit]] him a charge, <span class="bibl">Id.6.30</span>; τὰς ἁμαρτάδας <span class="bibl">Id.8.140</span>.[[β']], cf.<span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Matt.</span>6.12</span>, al.; τὰς δίκας . . ἀφίεσαν τοῖς ἐπιτρόποις <span class="bibl">D.21.79</span>; ἀ. τινὶ εἰς ἐλευθερίαν χιλίας δραχμάς <span class="bibl">Id.59.30</span>, cf.<span class="title">IG</span>22.43<span class="hiitalic">A</span>27; [[ἀ. πληγάς τινι]] [[excuse]] him a flogging, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>1426</span>; [[ἀ. ὅρκον]] Jusj. in Lexap.<span class="bibl">And.1.98</span>; φόρον <span class="bibl">Plb.21.24.8</span> (Pass.); δάνειόν τινι <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Matt.</span>18.27</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> [[leave alone]], [[pass by]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.95</span>, etc.; [[neglect]], [[τὰ θεῖα]] <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1537</span>; τὸν καιρόν <span class="bibl">D.1.8</span>; λέκτρων εὐνάς <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>544</span>: folld. by a predicate, [[ἀφύλακτον ἀ. τὴν ἑωυτῶν]] [[leave]] unguarded, <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.70</span>; [[ἄτιμον]], [[ἔρημον ἀ. τινά]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1279</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ant.</span>887</span>; ἀ. τινὰς ὀρφανούς <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Jo.</span> 14.18</span>; ἀ. τι ἀόριστον <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1265a39</span>; [[leave]], περὶ κινήσεως, ὅθεν ὑπάρχει, τοῖς ἄλλοις ἀφεῖσαν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Metaph.</span>985b20</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">987b14</span>:—Pass., esp. in pf. imper., ἀφείσθω ἐπὶ τοῦ παρόντος [[missum fiat]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">EN</span>1166a34</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pol.</span>1286a5</span>, <span class="bibl">1289b12</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> c. acc. et inf., [[ἀ. τὸ πλοῖον φέρεσθαι]] [[let]] the boat be carried away, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.194</span>; μὴ ἀφεῖναί με ἐπὶ ξένης ἀδιαφορηθῆναι <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PLond.</span>2.144.14</span>(i A. D.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> c. acc. pers. et inf., [[suffer]], [[permit]] one to do a thing, ἀ. τινὰ ἀποπλέειν <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.25</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">6.62</span>, al., etc.: with inf. understood, [[ἡνίκα προῖκ' ἀφιᾶσιν]] (sc. [[θεᾶσθαι]]) οἱ θεατρῶναι <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">Char.</span>30.6</span>: c. subj., ἄφες ἐκβάλω <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Matt.</span>7.4</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Arr.<span class="title">Epict.</span>1.9.15</span>; ἄφες ἐγὼ θρηνήσω <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>413.184</span> (i A. D.); [[ἄφες ἵνα]] . . <span class="bibl">Arr.<span class="title">Epict.</span>4.13.19</span>; [[οὐκ ἤφιεν ἵνα]] . . <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Marc.</span>11.16</span>:—Pass., ἀφείθη σχολάζειν <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Metaph.</span>981b24</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">V</span> seemingly intr. (sc. [[στρατόν]], [[ναῦς]], etc.), [[break up]], [[march]], [[sail]], etc., <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.193</span>; ἀ. ἐς τὸ πέλαγος <span class="bibl">Th.7.19</span>; cf. <span class="bibl">11.2b</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> c. inf., [[give up]] doing, ἀφεὶς σκοπεῖν τὰ δίκαια <span class="bibl">Diph.94</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">B</span> Med., [[send forth from oneself]], much like Act.; θορήν <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.101</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[loose]] something [[of one's own from]], [[δειρῆς δ' οὔ πω . . ἀφίετο πήχεε λευκώ]] she [[loosed]] not [[her]] arms [[from off]] my neck, <span class="bibl">Od.23.240</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> freq. in Att. c. gen. only, [[τέκνων ἀφοῦ]] [[let go of]] the children ! <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">OT</span>1521</span>; τοῦ κοινοῦ τῆς σωτηρίας ἀ. <span class="bibl">Th.2.60</span>; λόγων <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>458c</span>, <span class="bibl">Aeschin.1.178</span>; μὴ ἀφίεσο τοῦ Θεαιτήτου, ἀλλ' ἐρώτα <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>146b</span>, etc.; ἀφεῖσθαι τοῦ δικαίου τούτου <span class="bibl">D.37.1</span>; ἀφέμενος τῆς ἰαμβικῆς ἰδέας <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Po.</span>1449b8</span>.</span>