προΐημι: Difference between revisions

|Definition=<span class="bibl">3</span> pres. <span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> προΐει <span class="bibl">Il.2.752</span>; 3sg. subj. [[προϊῇ]] (v.l. <span class="bibl">3</span> opt. [[προΐοι]]) <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Ven.</span>152</span>: impf. <b class="b3">προΐειν, εις, ει,</b> <span class="bibl">Il.1.326</span>,<span class="bibl">336</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.9.88</span>, <span class="bibl">10.100</span>, etc.: fut. [[προήσω]]: aor. 1 [[προῆκα]], Ep. [[προέηκα]], both in Hom.: aor. 2 ind. 3pl. πρόεσαν <span class="bibl">Od.8.399</span>; opt. προεῖεν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span> 7.2.15</span> codd.; imper. πρόες <span class="bibl">Il.16.241</span> (on the accent, v. Hdn.Gr.<span class="bibl">2.931</span>), 3sg. προέτω <span class="bibl">11.796</span>; inf. [[προέμεν]] for [[προεῖναι]], <span class="bibl">Od.10.155</span>:—Med., aor. 1 προηκάμην <span class="bibl">D.19.78</span>,84, <span class="bibl">32.15</span>, etc.: aor. 2 opt. [[πρόοιντο]] or προοῖντο <span class="bibl">Th.1.120</span>, <span class="bibl">D.18.254</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.9.10</span>:—Pass., pf. [[προεῖμαι]], plpf. [[προεῖτο]], D. (v. infr. <span class="bibl">11.1</span>). [On the quantity, v. [[ἵημι]].]:—[[send forth]], [[send forward]], <span class="bibl">Il.1.195</span> (tm.), <span class="bibl">326</span>, <span class="bibl">336</span>, etc.; esp. [[send]] troops [[forward]], <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">Cyr.</span> 7.1.22</span>,<span class="bibl">27</span> : also, [[send]] a thing or person [[to]] another, ἀγγελίας <span class="bibl">Od.2.92</span>; ἐπ' Αἴαντα… κήρυκα <span class="bibl">Il.12.342</span>; τῷ κῦδος ἅμα πρόες <span class="bibl">16.241</span>: in Hom. freq. with inf. added to define the action, Ταλθύβιον προΐει… ἰέναι <span class="bibl">Il.3.118</span>; αἰετὼ… προέηκε πέτεσθαι <span class="bibl">Od.2.147</span>; [οὖρον] προέηκεν ἀῆναι <span class="bibl">3.183</span>; <b class="b3">π. τινὰ διδασκέμεναι, μυθήσασθαι, πυθέσθαι</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.9.442</span>, <span class="bibl">11.201</span>, <span class="bibl">649</span>; ἑτάρους π. πεύθεσθαι <span class="bibl">Od.9.88</span>; so <b class="b3">βασιλευέμεν τοι προήσειν</b> [[will allow]] thee to... <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>4.166</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[dismiss]], [[let go]], τινα <span class="bibl">Il.4.398</span>; <b class="b3">τήνδε θεῷ πρόες</b> [[let]] her [[go]] to the god, i.e. in reverence to him, <span class="bibl">1.127</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> [[let loose]], [[let fall]], esp. thoughtlessly, <b class="b3">ἔπος προέηκε</b> [[let drop]] a word, <span class="bibl">Od.14.466</span>; φήμην <span class="bibl">20.105</span>; <b class="b3">πηδάλιον ἐκ χειρῶν προέηκε</b> [[he let]] the helm [[slip]] from his hands, <span class="bibl">5.316</span>: with inf., <b class="b3">πόδα προέηκε φέρεσθαι</b> [[let slip]] his foot so that it fell, <span class="bibl">19.468</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> with direct purpose, [[cast]], of a fisherman, ἐς πόντον π. βοὸς κέρας <span class="bibl">12.253</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> of missiles, [[discharge]], [[shoot]], <b class="b3">ἔγχος, βέλος, ὀϊστόν</b>, etc., <span class="bibl">Il.5.15</span>, <span class="bibl">280</span>, <span class="bibl">11.270</span>, <span class="bibl">13.662</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ἀκόντια π. ἐπὶ τὸν νεβρόν</b> f.l. in <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyn.</span>9</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">6</span> of a river, <b class="b3">ἐς Πηνειὸν προΐει ὕδωρ</b> it [[pours]] its water into the Peneius, <span class="bibl">Il.2.752</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Fr.</span>37</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span> 124</span> (lyr.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> [[give up]], [[deliver]], [[betray]] one to his enemy, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.159</span>, <span class="bibl">3.137</span>; <b class="b3">χρήματα μέν σφι π</b>. [[offering to give]] them... <span class="bibl">Id.1.24</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>1214</span>; τὰς ναῦς π. τινί <span class="bibl">Th.8.32</span>: with an inf. added, γυναῖκα… π. ἀπάγεσθαι <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.115</span>:—Pass., to [[be given]] or [[thrown away]], εἰ ταῦτα προεῖτ' ἀκονιτεί <span class="bibl">D.18.200</span>; καιροὶ προεῖνται <span class="bibl">Id.19.8</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">25.10</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτίκα ἡδὺ π. αὑτούς</b> [[devote]] themselves to... <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>7.5.76</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">B</span> in Prose mostly in Med. (not found in Hom.), <b class="b2">send forward from oneself, drive forward</b>, τὸν λαγὼ εἰς τὰς ἄρκυς <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyn.</span>6.10</span> (s. v.l.): c. inf., <b class="b3">τοὺς ἐρῶντας ἵμερος δρᾶν προΐεται</b> [[forces]] them [[on]] to do, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>149.9</span> codd. Stob. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> of sounds, [[utter]], τὴν φωνήν <span class="bibl">Aeschin.2.23</span>, etc.; λόγον <span class="bibl">Ti.Locr.100c</span>; ῥῆμα <span class="bibl">D.19.118</span>; <b class="b3">π. πᾶσαν φωνήν</b> use all sorts of entreaties, <span class="bibl">Plb.3.84.10</span>, etc.; π. τῶν ἀπορρήτων οὐδὲν οὐδενί <span class="bibl">Id.3.20.3</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> [[emit]], <b class="b3">π. γονήν, σπέρμα, κόπρον, βλαστούς</b>, etc.,<span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">GA</span>719b3</span>, <span class="bibl">721a30</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">HA</span>554b1</span>, <span class="bibl">Thphr. <span class="title">CP</span>1.12.9</span>, etc.; κλημάτια… προϊέμενα ῥίζας Dsc.4.29. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> [[give up]], [[let go]], <b class="b3">προέμενον αὐτῇ</b> (sc. <b class="b3">τὴν χεῖρα</b>) <span class="bibl">Hdt. 2.121</span>.<b class="b3">έ;</b> [[give up]] to the enemy, Κέρκυραν τοῖς Κορινθίοις <span class="bibl">Th.1.44</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">D.18.72</span>, <span class="bibl">21.213</span>; [[abandon]], <span class="bibl">Id.19.152</span>; <b class="b3">π. σφᾶς αὐτούς</b> [[gave]] themselves [[up as lost]], <span class="bibl">Th.2.51</span>; αὑτὸν τοῖς πολεμίοις <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>5.8.14</span>; σφᾶς αὐτοὺς καὶ τὰ ὅπλα <span class="bibl">Polyaen.4.3.4</span>; τὸν βίον <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Ant.</span>53</span>: abs., [[give up hope]], <span class="bibl">Jul.<span class="title">Or.</span>8.250a</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[desert]], [[abandon]], εἰ τὰ κάτω προοῖντο <span class="bibl">Th.1.120</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">6.78</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.9.10</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">οὐδαμῇ προΐενθ' αὑτούς</b> [[did]] not [[lose]] themselves (i.e. take bribes), <span class="bibl">D.19.139</span>; τι τῶν πρὸς τὴν πολιτείαν <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1307b4</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> [[give away]], [[give freely]], ἔρανον τῇ πόλει <span class="bibl">Th. 2.43</span>; τὰ ἑαυτῶν <span class="bibl">D.34.52</span>; ὑμῖν οὐδὲν προεῖνται τῶν σφετέρων <span class="bibl">Lys. 21.12</span>; ἀπὸ τῶν ἰδίων <span class="bibl">D.18.114</span>; <b class="b3">εὐεργεσίαν ἄνευ μισθοῦ</b> without a stipulated fee, leaving it to one's honour, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>520c</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Phdr.</span> 231c</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>7.7.47</span>; [[give up]] without payment received, τὴν ἀλλαγήν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>849e</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> [[spend lavishly]], μέγεθος χρημάτων οὐδενὶ λόγῳ <span class="bibl">Procop. <span class="title">Arc.</span>26.23</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">c</span> [[pay]], in kind or in money, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PHib.</span>1.76.2</span> (iii B.C.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">UPZ</span>23.18</span> and <span class="bibl">26</span>, <span class="bibl">26.12</span> (ii B.C.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PAmh.</span>61.11</span> (ii B.C.), <span class="title">SIG</span>694.60 (Elaea, ii B.C.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> [[throw off]], θοἰμάτιον <span class="bibl">D.21.216</span> (<b class="b3">προϊέμενον χλάμυν</b> is f.l. in Sapph.64). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> [[throw away]], τὰ ἴδια <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyn.</span>12.11</span> codd.; <b class="b3">π. τὸν καιρόν, τὸ παρόν</b>, <span class="bibl">Lycurg.126</span>, <span class="bibl">D.1.9</span>; <b class="b3">καθ' ἕκαστον ἀεί τι τῶν πραγμάτων</b> ib.14; πολλὰ τῶν κοινῶν <span class="bibl">Id.18.134</span>; εἰ οὗτοι χρήματα… μὴ προοῖντ' ἄν, πῶς ὑμῖν. καλὸν τὸν ὅρκον προέσθαι; <span class="bibl">Id.21.212</span>; μηδενὸς κέρδους τὰ κοινὰ δίκαια π. <span class="bibl">Id.6.10</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ πατρῷα, τὰ τῆς δημοκρατίας ἰσχυρά</b>, <span class="bibl">Aeschin.3.173</span>, 234; <b class="b3">πόλεων… ὧν ἦμέν ποτε κύριοι… προϊεμένους</b> (gen. by attraction of the relat. [[ὧν]]) <span class="bibl">D.2.2</span>; τὴν ψυχὴν π. <span class="bibl">Porph.<span class="title">Abst.</span> 2.13</span>: abs., [[throw away one's advantage]], <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1398a2</span>, cf.<span class="bibl"><span class="title">EN</span>1114a17</span> (less freq. [[neglect]] a disadvantage, π. κακόν τι <span class="bibl">Lib.<span class="title">Or.</span>21.27</span>); to [[be lavish]], <span class="bibl">Arist. <span class="title">Rh.</span>1366b7</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">6</span> with part., inf., or Adj., <b class="b3">ἡμᾶς προέσθαι ἀδικουμένους</b> [[suffer]] us to be wronged, <span class="bibl">Th.2.73</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Plb.30.7.4</span>; προέμενοι ἀπολέσθαι αὐτούς <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>2.3.35</span>; π. τισὶν ὑμᾶς ἐξαπατῆσαι <span class="bibl">D.16.3</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Lys.13.23</span>, etc.; π. τὰ ἴδια ἀνομοθέτητα <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>780a</span>; also <b class="b3">τοὺς Ἕλληνας</b> εἰς ὅουλείαν π. <span class="bibl">D.10.25</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">5.15</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">7</span> [[suffer to escape]], ἐκ τοιούτων τοὺς ὑπεναντίους <span class="bibl">Plb.3.94.8</span>; τινὰ ἐκ τῆς πόλεως <span class="bibl">Id.4.4.3</span>; [[let pass]], διὰ κενῆς τὸν χρόνον <span class="bibl">Id.3.70.10</span>; [[let slip]], [[utter]], <b class="b3">μαλθακοὺς λόγους φρενός</b> dub. in <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>1052</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">8</span> rarely in good sense, [[confide]], [[entrust]] to one, <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">Cyr.</span> 5.2.9</span>; τὰ τέκνα τισὶν εἰς ὁμηρίαν <span class="bibl">Plb.28.4.7</span>: abs., <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>7.3.31</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">9</span> [[lend]] on risk, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Demod.</span>384c</span>, <span class="bibl">D.36.6</span>.</span>