νέμω: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">deal out, dispense, distribute (among themselves, possess, inhabit, manage, pasture, consume, devour</b>.<br />Other forms: <b class="b3">-ομαι</b>, aor. [[νεῖμαι]] (Il.), <b class="b3">-ασθαι</b>, pass. [[νεμηθῆναι]], fut. [[νεμῶ]], <b class="b3">-οῦμαι</b> (Ion. <b class="b3">-έομαι</b>, late <b class="b3">-ήσω</b>, <b class="b3">-ήσομαι</b>), perf. [[νενέμηκα]],<b class="b3">-ημαι</b> (Att. etc.).<br />Compounds: Often w. prefix, e.g. <b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-</b>, <b class="b3">προσ-</b>.<br />Derivatives: Several derivv: A. [[νομή]] f. [[pasture]], metaph. [[spreading]], e.g. of an ulcer , [[distribution]] (IA.), [[possession]], [[possessio]] (hell.). With <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>, <b class="b3">προ-νομή</b> etc. from <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>, <b class="b3">προ-νέμειν</b>, <b class="b3">-εσθαι</b> etc. Also [[νομός]] m. <b class="b2">*place of) pasture</b> (Il.), [[habitation]] (Pi., Hdt., S.), [[province]] (Hdt., D. S., Str.). From [[νομή]] or [[νομός]] (not always with certainty to be distinguished): 1. [[νομάς]], <b class="b3">-άδος</b> [[roaming the pasture]], subst. pl. [[pastoral people]], [[nomads]] (IA.), as PN [[Numidians]] (Plb.); from this <b class="b3">νομαδ-ικός</b> <b class="b2">roaming, belonging to pastoral peoples, Numidian</b> (Arist.), <b class="b3">-ίτης</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Suid.), <b class="b3">-ίαι</b> f. pl. [[pasture]] with <b class="b3">-ιαῖος</b> (Peripl. M. Rubr.). -- 2. [[νομεύς]] m. [[herdsman]] (II.), also [[distributor]] (Pl.), pl. [[ribs of a ship]] (Hdt.); from this (or from [[νομός]]?) [[νομεύω]] [[pasture]] (Il.) with <b class="b3">νόμευ-μα</b> n. [[herd]] (A.), <b class="b3">-τικός</b> [[belonging to pasturage]] (Pl.; Chantraine Études 135 u. 137); <b class="b3">διανομ-εύς</b> (: [[διανομή]]), <b class="b3">προνομ-εύω</b> (: <b class="b3">προ-νομή</b>) etc. -- 3. [[νόμιος]] [[regarding the pasture]], also as adjunct of several gods (Pi., Ar., Call.); cf. on [[νόμος]]; [[νομαῖος]] <b class="b2">id.</b> (Nic., Call.); [[νομώδης]] [[spreading]], of an ulcer (medic.). -- 4. [[νομάζω]], <b class="b3">-ομαι</b> [[pasture]] (Nic.). -- B. [[νόμος]] m. [[custom]], [[usage]], [[law]], [[composition]] (since Hes.) with several compp., e.g. [[Ἔννομος]] PN (Il.), <b class="b3">εὔ-νομος</b> [[with good laws]] (Pi.) with <b class="b3">εὑνομ-ίη</b>, <b class="b3">-ία</b> [[good laws]] (since ρ 487; on the meaning Andrewes Class Quart. 32, 89 ff.). From [[νόμος]]: 1. adj. [[νόμιμος]] [[usual]], [[lawful]] (IA.; extens. Arbenz 72ff.) with [[νομιμότης]] f. (Iamb.); [[νομικός]] [[regarding the laws]], [[forensic]], [[lawyer]] (Pl., Arist.; Chantraine Études 132); [[νόμαιος]] = [[νόμιμος]] (Ion. a. late); [[νόμιος]] <b class="b2">id.</b> (Locris; cf. on [[νομός]]). -- 2. Verb [[νομίζω]], rarely w. prefix, e.g. <b class="b3">συν-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-</b>, <b class="b2">use customarily, use to, recognize, believe</b> (IA., Dor.; Fournier Les verbes "dire" passim) with [[νόμισις]] f. [[belief]] (Th.), [[νόμισμα]] n. <b class="b2">use, recognized belief, (valid) coin</b> (IA.), <b class="b3">-άτιον</b> dimin. (Poll.); [[νομιστός]] [[generally recognized]] with [[νομιστεύομαι]] [[be generally valid]] (Plb.), also [[νομιτεύομαι]] <b class="b2">id., use</b> (hell. a. late inscr.; cf. <b class="b3">θεμι(σ)-τεύω</b>). -- C. [[νεμέτωρ]], <b class="b3">-ορος</b> m. <b class="b2">dispensor (of justice), avenger</b> (A. Th. 485); [[νέμησις]] f., also <b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>, <b class="b3">δια-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b> etc. from <b class="b3">ἀπο-νέμω</b> etc., [[distribution]] (Is., Arist.); <b class="b3">νεμ-ητής</b> = [[νεμέτωρ]] (Poll.) with <b class="b3">-ήτρια</b> f. (inscr. Rom, IVp); uncertain [[Νεμήϊος]] surname of Zeus (Archyt. ap. Stob.); perh. for [[Νέμειος]] (from [[Νεμέα]]). On [[νέμεσις]] s. v. -- D. Deverbatives: [[νεμέθω]], <b class="b3">-ομαι</b> [[pasture]] (Λ 635, Nic.); [[νωμάω]], <b class="b3">-ῆσαι</b> also with <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀμφι-</b>, <b class="b3">προσ-</b>, [[distribute]], [[maintain]], [[observe]] (Il., Hdt.; Schwyzer 719, Risch Gnomon 24 , 82) with <b class="b3">νώμ-ησις</b> (Pl. Cra. 41 1d), <b class="b3">-ήτωρ</b> <b class="b2">distributor, maintainer etc.</b> (Man., Nonn.).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [763] <b class="b2">*nem-</b> <b class="b2">dispense, distribute; take</b><br />Etymology: The whole Greek system including ablauting [[νομή]], [[νόμος]], [[νομός]] is built on the present [[νέμω]]. The full grade <b class="b3">νεμέ-τωρ</b>, <b class="b3">νέμε-σις</b>, <b class="b3">νέμη-σις</b> a.o. follow wellknown patterns (<b class="b3">γενέ-τωρ γένε-σις</b> u.a.; but these are disyllabic roots); an agreeing zero grade fails. There never existed a "disyllabic root" e.g. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 11). -- The widespread meanings of [[νέμω]] plus derivations provide a problem, which has hardly been definitely solved; Benveniste Noms d'agent 79 rightly stresses the idea of lawfull, regular, which characterizes the verb [[νέμω]] ("partager légalement, faire une attribution régulière"). Further lit.: E. Laroche Histoire de la racine nem- en grec ancien (Paris 1949; Études et Comm.VI); on [[νόμος]] esp. Stier Phil. 83, 224ff., Pohlenz Phil. 97, 135ff., Porzig Satzinhalte 260, Bolelli Stud. itfilcl. N.S.24, 110f.; on [[νομή]], <b class="b3">-ός</b> Wilhelm Glotta 24, 133ff. (<b class="b3">ἐν χειρῶν νομῳ̃</b>, <b class="b3">-αῖς</b>). -- Of non-Greek words, that are interesting for the etymology, the Germanic verb for [[take]] agrees best to [[νέμω]], Goth. [[niman]] etc.; further Latv. <b class="b2">ńęmu</b>, <b class="b2">ńem̂t</b> [[take]] (with secondary palatalisation of the anlaut). One might mention several nouns, which tell nothing for Greek: Av. <b class="b2">nǝmah-</b> n. [[loan]], Lat. [[numerus]] <b class="b2">number etc.</b>, OIr. [[nem]] f. [[gift]] (cf. [[Gift]] : [[geben]]; also [[δόσις]]), Lith. <b class="b2">nùoma</b> f. [[rent]] (vowel as in <b class="b3">νω-μάω</b>). -- The with [[νέμω]] also formally identical verb Skt. <b class="b2">námati</b> [[bow]], [[bend]] can only be combined with uncontrollable hypotheses. After Laroche (s. above) p. 263 [[νέμω]] would prop be. [[faire le geste de se pencher en tendant la main]]. -- Lit. and further details in WP. 2, 330f., Pok. 763 f., W.-Hofmann s. [[numerus]] and [[nummus]] (from [[νόμιμος]]?), also [[emō]], Fraenkel Wb. s. <b class="b2">núoma(s</b>), and <b class="b2">nãmas</b>, Mayrhofer s. <b class="b2">námati</b>. Cf. also [[νέμος]].