πνέω: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: [[to blow]], [[to breathe]], [[to respire]], [[to smell]].<br />Other forms: ep. [[πνείω]] (metr. length.), aor. [[πνεῦσαι]] (Il.), ipv. [[ἄμπνυε]], midd. <b class="b3">-υτο</b>, -ύ(<b class="b3">ν)θη</b> (Hom.), fut. <b class="b3">πνεύ-σομαι</b> (IA.). <b class="b3">-σοῦμαι</b> (Ar., Arist.), <b class="b3">-σω</b> (hell.), perf. [[πέπνευκα]] (Att.), pass. <b class="b3">πνευσ-θῆναι</b> (Thphr.), <b class="b3">-θήσομαι</b> (Aret.).<br />Compounds: Very often w. prefix, e.g. <b class="b3">ἀνα-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>, <b class="b3">εἰσ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐν-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>, <b class="b3">προσ-</b>.<br />Derivatives: 1. [[πνοή]], Dor. <b class="b3">πνο(ι)ά</b>, ep. [[πνοιή]] (<b class="b3">-οι-</b> metr. condit. after [[πνείω]], Risch 119; on other explanations, which are not to be preferred, Scheller Oxytonierung 83 n. 2 w. lit.) f. [[wind]], [[breeze]], [[breath]] (Il.); <b class="b3">ἀνα-</b>, <b class="b3">δια-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b>πνέω etc. etc.; very often as 2. member, e.g. <b class="b3">ἡδύ-</b> (<b class="b3">ἁδύ-)πνοος</b>, <b class="b3">-πνους</b> [[with a pleasant wind]], [[breath]] (Pi., S., E.), <b class="b3">ἐπί-πνοος</b>, <b class="b3">-πνους</b> [[inspired]] with <b class="b3">ἐπίπνο-ια</b> f. [[inspiration]] (A., Pl.); <b class="b3">-πνοια</b> also beside <b class="b3">-πνοή</b> in <b class="b3">ἀνά-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀπό-</b>, <b class="b3">διά-</b> πνέω a.o.; here <b class="b3">ἀναπνο-ϊκος</b> [[concerning breathing]] (Ptol.). 2. [[πνεῦμα]] (<b class="b3">ἄμ-</b>, <b class="b3">πρόσ-</b> πνέω) n. [[wind]], [[breeze]], [[breath]], [[ghost]] (Pi., IA.) with <b class="b3">πνευμά-τιον</b> (hell.), <b class="b3">-τικός</b> <b class="b2">concerning the wind etc.</b> (Arist.; on the further life (Nachleben) in the westeur. languages. Chantraine Studii clasice 2, 70f.), <b class="b3">-τιος</b> [[bringing wind]] (Arat.), <b class="b3">-τώδης</b> <b class="b2">wind-, breathlike of nature, windy</b> (Hp., Arist.), <b class="b3">-τίας</b> m. [[asthmatic]] (Hp.) with <b class="b3">-τιάω</b> [[to gasp]] (sch.); <b class="b3">-τόω</b>, <b class="b3">-τόομαι</b> <b class="b2">to blow up, to (cause to) vaporize</b> (Anaxipp., Arist.) with <b class="b3">-τωσις</b>, <b class="b3">-τωτικός</b>; <b class="b3">-τίζω</b> (<b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>) [[to fan by blowing]] (Antig., H.) with <b class="b3">-τισμός</b>. 3. [[πνεῦσις]] f. [[blowing]], more usually the compp., e.g. <b class="b3">ἀνάπνευ-σις</b> [[to breathe again]], [[to inhale]], [[respite]] (Il.). 4. With second. [[σ]] and <b class="b3">τ-</b>suffix as in <b class="b3">ἄ-πνευσ-τος</b>, <b class="b3">-τί</b>, <b class="b3">-τία</b>: <b class="b3">πνευσ-τικός</b> [[belonging to breathing]] (Gal.), more usually <b class="b3">ἀνα-</b>πνέω (Arist.) a.o.; <b class="b3">-τιάω</b> [[to gasp]] (Hp., Arist.). 5. <b class="b3">εἴσπν-ηλος</b>, <b class="b3">-ήλας</b> [[loving]], [[lover]] (Call., Theoc., EM), from <b class="b3">εἰσ-πνέω</b> <b class="b2">to inspire (love)</b> with analog. <b class="b3">-ηλος</b>; cf. Chantraine Form. 242.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [838] <b class="b2">*pneu-</b> [[breathe]], [[cough]], [[clow]], [[smell]]<br />Etymology: The regular structure of the above forms is clearly the result of a generalising development, which will also have had zero grade formations as [[πνεῦσις]], [[ἄπνευστος]]. Outside the general pattern there are only the isolated ep. forms <b class="b3">ἄμ-πνυ-ε</b> etc. [[take breath]] = [[recover from]], which may provide a bridge to the semantically slightly deviating but certainly belonging here <b class="b3">πέ-πνυ-μαι</b>, <b class="b3">-μένος</b>, [[mentally active]], [[animated]], [[be sedate]]; cf. Ruijgh L'élém. ach. 134 f. Not here prob. <b class="b3">πινυ-τή</b>, [[πινυτός]] a. cognates, which have only been connected on difficult assumptions; [[sub verbo|s.v.]] In any case [[ἄμπνυε]], <b class="b3">πέπνυ-μαι</b> are not with Schulze Q. 322 ff. to be separated from [[πνέω]]. -- From other languages only some Germ. formations can be compared: OWNo. <b class="b2">fnýsa</b> [[sniff]], OE [[fnēosan]] [[sneeze]], which like <b class="b3">πνευ-</b> may contain an IE <b class="b2">eu-</b>diphthong; beside them there are however several variants, e.g. OWNo. [[fnasa]], OHG [[fnehan]], which show the unstable character of these orig. onomatop. words. Uncertain is the connection of Skt. <b class="b2">abhi-knū́yate</b> [[be moist]], [[sound]], [[stink]] (Dhātup., Lex.) with dissim. from <b class="b2">*abhi-pn-</b> (Mayrhofer s. <b class="b2">knū́yate</b>). -- The further analysis of <b class="b3">πνέ(Ϝ)-ω</b> in <b class="b2">*p-ne-u-mi</b> with nasal infix to the root <b class="b2">pu-</b> (assumption by Schwyzer 696 α after Pedersen IF 2, 314) is in the case of a word of this meaning hardly convincing. Further forms w. lit. in WP. 2, 85, Pok. 838f. Here also [[ποιπνύω]]; cf. also [[πνίγω]].