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P. and V. [[ῥαβδοῦχος]], ὁ (<b class="b2">late.</b>). | P. and V. [[ῥαβδοῦχος]], ὁ (<b class="b2">late.</b>). | ||
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|lshtext=<b>lictor</b>: ([[pronounced]] līctor, Gell. 12, 3, 4), ōris, m. 1. [[ligo]]; cf. Gell. 12, 3, 1 sqq.,<br /><b>I</b> a [[lictor]], i. e. an [[attendant]] granted to a [[magistrate]], as a [[sign]] of [[official]] [[dignity]]. The Romans [[adopted]] this [[custom]] from the Etrurians: [[Romulus]] cum cetero habitu se augustiorem tum [[maxime]] lictoribus [[duodecim]] sumptis (a finitima [[Etruria]]) fecit, Liv. 1, 8. The lictors [[bore]] a [[bundle]] of rods, from [[which]] an [[axe]] projected. Their [[duty]] [[was]] to [[walk]] [[before]] the [[magistrate]] in a [[line]], one [[after]] the [[other]]; to [[call]] [[out]] to the [[people]] to [[make]] [[way]] (submovere turbam); and to [[remind]] [[them]] of paying [[their]] respects to him (animadvertere, v. h. v.). The [[foremost]] one [[was]] called [[primus]] [[lictor]]: [[apud]] quem [[primus]] quievit [[lictor]], Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 7, § 21; the [[last]] and nearest to the [[consul]], [[proximus]] [[lictor]], Liv. 24, 44 fin. The lictors had also to [[execute]] sentences of [[judgment]], to [[bind]] criminals to a [[stake]], to [[scourge]] [[them]], and to [[behead]] [[them]], Liv. 1, 26; 8, 7; 38; 26, 16.—It [[was]] [[necessary]] [[that]] lictors should be freeborn: not [[till]] the [[time]] of [[Tacitus]] were freedmen also appointed to the [[office]]. They were united [[into]] a [[company]], and formed the decuriae apparitorum ([[public]] servants). In [[Rome]] [[they]] wore the [[toga]], in the [[field]] the [[sagum]], in [[triumphal]] processions a [[purple]] [[mantle]] and fasces wreathed [[with]] [[laurel]]: togulae lictoribus ad portam [[praesto]] fuerunt, quibus [[illi]] acceptis, sagula rejecerunt et catervam imperatori suo novam praebuerunt, Cic. Pis. 23, 55. Only those magistrates [[who]] had potestatem cum imperio had lictors. In the earliest times the [[king]] had [[twelve]]; [[immediately]] [[after]] the [[expulsion]] of the kings, [[each]] of the [[two]] consuls had [[twelve]]; [[but]] it [[was]] [[soon]] decreed [[that]] the consuls should be preceded for a [[month]] [[alternately]] by [[twelve]] lictors, Liv. 2, 1; a [[regulation]] [[which]] appears to [[have]] been [[afterwards]], [[although]] not [[always]], observed, Liv. 22, 41; Cæsar [[was]] the [[first]] [[who]] restored the old [[custom]], Suet. Caes. 20.—The decemvirs had, in [[their]] [[first]] [[year]] of [[office]], [[twelve]] lictors [[each]] one [[day]] [[alternately]], Liv. 3, 33; in [[their]] [[second]] [[year]] [[each]] had [[twelve]] lictors to [[himself]], id. 3, 36.— The [[military]] tribunes [[with]] [[consular]] [[power]] had also [[twelve]] lictors, Liv. 4, 7; and [[likewise]] the [[interrex]], id. 1, 17.—The [[dictator]] had [[twenty]]-[[four]], [[Dio]], 54, 1; Polyb. 3, 87; Plut. Fab. 4; the [[magister]] equitum [[only]] [[six]], [[Dio]], 42, 27. The [[praetor]] [[urbanus]] had, in the earlier times, [[two]] lictors, Censor. de Die [[Natal]]. 24: at [[enim]] unum a [[praetura]] tua, Epidice, abest. Ep. Quidnam? Th. Scies. Lictores duo, duo viminei fasces virgarum, Plaut. Ep. 1, 1, 26; in the provinces he had [[six]]; [[but]] in the [[later]] times the [[praetor]] had in the [[city]], as [[well]] as in the [[province]], [[six]] lictors, Polyb. 3, 40: cum [[praetor]] lictorem impellat et [[ire]] praecipitem jubeat, Juv. 3, 128. The [[quaestor]] had lictors [[only]] in the [[province]], [[when]] he, in [[consequence]] of the [[praetor]]'s [[absence]] or [[death]], performed the functions of [[propraetor]], Sall. C. 19; Cic. Planc. 41, 98. Moreover, the [[flamen]] dialis, the vestals, and the magistri vicorum had lictors; these, [[however]], [[appear]] to [[have]] had no fasces, [[which]] [[was]] also the [[case]] [[with]] the [[thirty]] lictores curiati ([[who]] summoned the curiae to [[vote]]), Cic. Agr. 2, 12, 81; Gell. 15, 27, 2; Inscr. Grut. 33, 4; 630, 9.—<br /><b>II</b> Transf.: lictorem feminae in [[publico]] unionem esse, a [[lady]]'s [[mark]] of [[distinction]], Plin. 9, 35, 56, § 114. | |||
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