tum: Difference between revisions

|lshtext=<b>tum</b>:<br /><b>I</b> adv. demonstr., of [[time]] [pronom. demonstr. stems to-, ta-; Gr. το, [[seen]] in ita, tam, etc.; cf. [[quom]] or cum], [[then]].<br /><b>I</b> Absol.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> Referring to a [[time]] [[previously]] specified.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; To a [[definite]] [[past]] [[time]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; To a [[period]] of [[time]] in [[which]] [[something]] [[was]] or happened (opp. [[later]] periods) = illis temporibus: is dictu'st ollis popularibus [[olim]] Qui tum vivebant homines, Enn. Ann. v. 308 Vahl.: [[quod]] tum erat res in pecore et locorum possessionibus, i. e. Romuli temporibus, Cic. Rep. 2, 9, 16: cum [[illi]] [[male]] dicerent, [[quod]] tum fieri licebat, i. e. Periclis temporibus, id. de Or. 3, 34, 138: erat [[omnino]] tum mos ut faciles essent in suum cuique tribuendo, id. Brut. 21, 85; cf. id. Tusc. 1, 46, 111: vastae tum in his locis solitudines erant, Liv. 1, 4, 6; 2, 6, 8; 3, 29, 3; 4, 6, 12; 42, 62, 11; 44, 9, 4: ut tum erant tempora, Nep. Att. 1, 2; 12, 3; Liv. 1, 3, 3; 1, 8, 4; 2, 7, 4; 2, 9, 8; 2, 50, 2; 2, 63, 6; 39, 6, 7 and 9.—With illis temporibus: nam jam tum illis temporibus fortius ... loquebantur [[quam]] pugnabant, Nep. Thras. 2, 4.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Referring to a [[point]] of [[time]], [[then]], at [[that]] [[time]]: insigneita [[fere]] tum milia militum [[octo]] Duxit, Enn. Ann. v. 336 Vahl.: ut jacui [[exsurgo]]; ardere censui [[aedis]]: ita tum confulgebant, Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 15: jam duo restabant fata tum, id. Bacch. 4, 9, 35; id. Cist. 1, 3, 14: [[quot]] eras annos [[gnatus]] tum, [[quom]], etc.? Me Septuennis, nam tum dentes mihi cadebant [[primulum]], id. Men. 5, 9, 56; id. Merc. prol. 66; id. Most. 1, 2, 49; id. Am. 2, 1, 56; Ter. And. 1, 1, 82: sic [[igitur]] tum se [[levis]] ac [[diffusilis]] [[aether]] ... [[undique]] flexit. Lucr. 5, 467; 5, 837; 5, 911; 5, 432; 5, 942: [[atque]] huic [[anno]] [[proximus]] [[Sulla]] consule et Pompejo fuit. Tum P. Sulpicii in tribunatu, [[cottidie]] contionantis, totum [[genus]] dicendi cognovimus, Cic. Brut. 89, 306; id. Ac. 2, 22, 69: scribit Eudemum Pheras venisse, quae erat [[urbs]] in Thessaliā tum [[admodum]] [[nobilis]], id. Div. 1, 25, 53; id. Rep. 2, 37, 63: hi tum in Asiā rhetorum principes, id. Brut. 91, 316; id. Sest. 11, 26; id. Planc. 37, 90; id. Quint. 61, 170; id. Fam. 9, 21, 2: hoc tum [[veritus]] [[Caesar]] Pharum prehendit, Caes. B. C. 3, 112: [[eodem]] [[anno]] a Campanis [[Cumae]], [[quam]] [[Graeci]] tum urbem tenebant, capiuntur, Liv. 4, 44, 13; 1, 7, 14; 2, 9, 5; 2, 37, 7: praetores tum duos [[Latium]] habebat, id. 8, 3, 9: [[Aemilius]], cujus tum fasces erant, dictatorem dixit, id. 8, 12, 13; 5, 8, 4; 22, 46, 6; 1, 7, 12: tum Athenis perpetui archontes esse desierunt, Vell. 1, 8, 3: tum [[Cimbri]] et [[Teutoni]] transcendere Rhenum, id. 2, 8, 3; Val. Max. 1, 5, 3; Tac. H. 4, 49; 3, 57: non timido, non ignavo cessare tum licuit, Curt. 3, 11, 5: Archiae, qui tum maximum magistratum Thebis obtinebat, Nep. Pelop. 3, 2; id. Phoc. 3, 3.—With in eo tempore: eum quem [[virile]] [[secus]] tum in eo tempore habebat, Asell. ap. Gell. 2, 13, 5.—Repeated by [[anaphora]]: quae nox omnium temporum conjurationis acerrima fuit. Tum Catilinae [[dies]] exeundi, tum ceteris manendi [[condicio]], tum [[descriptio]] ... constituta est, tum [[tuus]] [[pater]], etc., Cic. Sull. 18, 52; cf. Lucr. 5, 1377; 5, 1399.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(g)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Esp., referring to a [[former]] [[state]], implying [[that]] it no [[longer]] exists: quaesivit ex lege illā Corneliā quae tum erat, Cic. Clu. 20, 55: cum sententias Oppianicus, quae tum erat [[potestas]], [[palam]] ferri velle dixisset, id. ib. 27, 75: [[Caere]], [[opulento]] tum [[oppido]], Liv. 1, 2, 3; 3, 52, 3: praetores aerarii (nam tum a praetoribus tractabatur aerarium), etc., Tac. H. 4, 9.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(d)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Expressly opposed to [[present]] [[time]] ([[hodie]], [[nunc]], hoc tempore, etc.; [[class]]. and [[very]] freq.; [[but]] in [[post]]-Aug. writers [[tunc]] is [[regularly]] used): [[prius]] non is eras qui eras; [[nunc]] is factu's qui tum non eras, Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 138: tu [[nunc]] [[tibi]] Id laudi ducis [[quod]] tum fecisti inopiā? Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 25; id. Hec. 3, 3, 48: quae [[tabula]], tum imperio tuo revulsa, [[nunc]] a me [[tamen]] reportata est, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 46, § 112: tum [[imperator]] populi Romani deos patrios reportabat, [[nunc]] [[praetor]] ejusdem populi eosdem illos deos ... auferebat, id. ib. 2, 4, 35, § 77; cf. id. ib. 2, 4, 35, § 78; 2, 5, 20, § 51; id. Clu. 31, 86; id. Planc. 9, 22; id. Quint. 22, 71; id. Phil. 14, 8, 21; id. Leg. 2, 22, 57; Caes. B. C. 3, 17; Liv. 5, 3, 5; 6, 15, 11; 10, 9, 6.—（ε) Opposed to [[another]] [[time]] specified: [[itaque]] tum eos exire jussit. Post [[autem]] e provinciā litteras ad conlegium misit, se, etc., Cic. N. D. 2, 4, 11: [[itaque]] ut tum carere rege, sic [[pulso]] Tarquinio [[nomen]] regis audire non poterat, id. Rep. 2, 30, 53; id. Mil. 21, 55: [[sicut]] legatorum [[antea]], ita tum novorum colonorum caede imbutis armis, Liv. 4, 31, 7; 39, 22, 10; 9, 36, 1; 2, 52, 7; 4, 2, 10; 4, 57, 11; 21, 17, 1: et tum sicca, [[prius]] celeberrima fontibus, Ide, Ov. M. 2, 218; Verg. A. 11, 33; Nep. Arist. 2, 3; id. Ham. 11, 7.—（ζ) In the historians in applying [[general]] statements or truths to the [[state]] of affairs [[spoken]] of: communi [[enim]] [[fit]] [[vitio]] naturae ut invisis [[atque]] incognitis rebus ... vehementius exterreamur; ut tum accidit, Caes. B. C. 2, 4; 3, 68; id. B. G. 7, 3; 2, 6; id. B. C. 1, 80: foedera [[alia]] aliis legibus, [[ceterum]] [[eodem]] [[modo]] omnia fiunt. Tum ita [[factum]] accepimus, Liv. 1, 24, 4; 1, 32, 14; 21, 31, 12.— (η) Denoting [[coincidence]] or [[inner]] [[connection]] [[with]] an [[action]] [[before]] mentioned = a [[temporal]] [[clause]] (tum = cum hoc fieret), [[then]], on [[that]] [[occasion]]: [[quis]] tum non ingemuit? Cic. Vatin. 13, 31: ne tum [[quidem]] hominum venustatem et facetias perspicere potuisti? i. e. cum coronam auream imponebant, id. Fl. 31, 76: [[apud]] imperitos tum [[illa]] dicta sunt; [[nunc]] agendum est subtilius, id. Fin. 4, 27, 74: [[itaque]] tum Stajenus condemnatus est, i. e. in [[that]] [[trial]], id. Clu. 36, 101; id. Sen. 7, 22: M. [[Porcius]] [[Cato]] qui, [[asper]] ingenio, tum lenem mitemque senatorem egit, Liv. 45, 25; Val. Max. 8, 3, 3: sed tum supplicia dis ... decernuntur, Tac. A. 3, 64; 3, 72: [[Graecia]] tum potuit Priamo [[quoque]] flenda videri, Ov. M. 14, 474.— With the [[occasion]] referred to specified in the [[same]] [[clause]]: [[Manlius]] ... ex petulanti scurrā in discordiis civitatis ad eam columnam tum suffragiis populi pervenerat, Cic. Clu. 13, 39: emisti tum in naufragio hujus urbis ... tum, [[inquam]], emisti ut, etc., id. Prov. Cons. 4, 7.—Repeated by [[anaphora]]: et Capitolinis injecit sedibus ignes. Tum [[statua]] Nattae, tum simulacra deorum, Romulusque et [[Remus]] cum altrice beluā vi fulminis icti conciderunt, Cic. Div. 2, 20, 45; so [[repeated]] [[seven]] times, id. Rep. 1, 40, 62.—（θ) Redundant, the [[time]] of the [[action]] [[being]] [[clear]] [[without]] it (esp. in Cic.): [[atque]] hoc tum judicio [[facto]] ... [[tamen]] [[Avitus]] Oppianicum reum [[statim]] non facit, Cic. Clu. 20, 56: [[itaque]] tum [[ille]] inopiā et [[necessitate]] [[coactus]] ad Caepasios confugit, id. ib. 20, 57; id. Brut. 23, 90; 39, 145; 43, 161; cf. id. Sull. 18, 51, [[where]] tum [[redundant]] occurs [[six]] times [[successively]].—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In [[oblique]] [[discourse]], referring to the [[time]] of the [[speaker]], = [[nunc]] in [[direct]] [[discourse]]: [[quando]] [[autem]] se, si tum non sint, pares hostibus [[fore]]? if [[they]] were not [[now]] so, Liv. 3, 62, 1: (dixit [[Sempronius]]) ... nec tum agrum plebi, sed sibi invidiam quaeri, id. 4, 44, 9; 4, 57, 4: [[moenia]] eos tum transcendere non Italiae [[modo]], sed [[etiam]] urbis Romanae, id. 21, 35, 9; 5, 21, 7 (in this [[use]] [[nunc]] is also freq.).—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>3</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Referring to [[indefinite]] [[time]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Then, at [[such]] a [[time]] of the [[year]], [[day]], etc., at [[such]] a [[season]]: tum [[denique]] tauros in gregem [[redigo]] ([[after]] Lyra rises), Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 12; 1, 35 fin.; Col. 11, 2, 87.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With the [[force]] of an [[indefinite]] [[temporal]] [[clause]], at [[such]] a [[time]], in [[such]] circumstances, i. e. [[when]] [[such]] a [[thing]] happens as has happened: qui (porci) a partu [[decimo]] [[die]] habentur puri, ab eo appellantur [[sacres]], [[quod]] tum ad [[sacrificium]] idonei habentur [[primum]], Varr. R. R. 2, 4, 16; 2, 7, 13: [[deinde]] cibum sequitur [[somnus]] ... [[quia]] plurima tum se corpora conturbant (i. e. cum cibum ceperunt), Lucr. 4, 957; 3, 599; 4, 892; 4, 919; 4, 1030: [[quam]] regionem cum superavit [[animus]] ... finem altius se efferendi facit. Tum [[enim]] sui similem et levitatem et calorem [[adeptus]] ... nullam in partem movetur, Cic. Tusc. 1, 19, 43; 1, 31, 75; 3, 23, 55; 4, 24, 54; Tac. Dial. 7.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(g)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With the [[force]] of a conditional [[clause]], [[then]], in this [[instance]], if so: [[immo]] res [[omnis]] relictas [[habeo]] [[prae]] [[quod]] tu velis. Ph. Tum tu [[igitur]], quā causā [[missus]] es ad portum, id expedi (i. e. si ita est), Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 39; id. Most. 5, 1, 55; id. As. 1, 1, 93; 2, 2, 64; 3, 3, 36; id. Aul. 3, 6, 31; id. Capt. 3, 4, 108; 4, 2, 78: non [[potitus]] essem; fuisset tum illos mi [[aegre]] [[aliquot]] [[dies]], Ter. Phorm. 1, 3, 7; id. Eun. 2, 2, 50; 5, 1, 23; id. Hec. 3, 5, 12: ego C. Caesaris laudibus desim, quas, etc.? Tum [[hercule]] me confitear non judicium aliquod habuisse, Cic. Planc. 39, 93: scribant aliquid Isocrateo [[more]] ...; tum illos existimabo non desperatione formidavisse [[genus]] hoc, id. Or. 70, 235; id. Font. 21, 49 (17, 39); id. Tusc. 1, 35, 85; id. Fam. 9, 8, 2; Ov. H. 18 (19), 81: vellem tam [[ferax]] [[saeculum]] haberemus ...; tum ego te [[primus]] hortarer, etc., Plin. Ep. 4, 15, 8.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>4</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Referring to [[future]] [[time]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; To a [[definite]] [[time]] [[before]] mentioned: ut [[sit]] [[satius]] perdere Quam aut [[nunc]] manere tam diu, aut tum persequi, i. e. [[after]] my [[future]] [[return]], Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 27: jam [[nunc]] mente [[prospicio]] quae tum studia hominum, qui [[concursus]] futuri sint, Cic. Div. in Caecin. 13, 42; id. Verr. 1, 13, 37; 1, 10, 30; id. Prov. Cons. 7, 17; id. Marcell. 9, 30: tum meae ... Vocis accedet bona [[pars]], Hor. C. 4, 2, 45.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With the [[force]] of a conditional [[clause]] (cf. 3. β, [[supra]]), [[then]], in this [[instance]], if so: specta, tum scies. Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 100; cf.: [[quom]] videbis, tum scies, id. ib. 1, 2, 37: tuom incendes [[genus]]; Tum [[igitur]] aquae erit [[tibi]] [[cupido]], etc., id. Trin. 3, 2, 50; id. Curc. 2, 3, 17: [[confer]] sudantes, ructantes, refertos epulis ... tum intelleges, etc., Cic. Tusc. 5, 34, 100; id. Planc. 18, 45; id. Phil. 2, 45, 115: agedum, dictatorem creemus ... Pulset tum mihi lictorem qui sciet, etc., Liv. 2, 29, 12; Cic. Phil. 10, 3, 6; id. Or. 23, 78; 71, 235; Liv. 4, 22, 11; 5, 16, 10; 9, 11, 4.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> Referring to a [[time]] [[subsequent]] to a [[time]] mentioned, [[then]], [[thereupon]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Simple [[sequence]] in [[time]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Time [[proper]] ([[only]] of an [[immediate]] [[sequence]]; [[otherwise]] [[deinde]], [[postea]], etc., are used): tum cum corde suo [[divum]] [[pater]] [[atque]] hominum rex Effatur, etc., Enn. Ann. 179: [[dico]] ei quo pactod eam viderim erilem nostram filiam sustollere. Extimuit tum [[illa]], Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 9; id. Bacch. 3, 3, 29; id. As. 4, 1, 58: tum [[ille]] [[egens]] [[forte]] adplicat Primum ad Chrysidis patrem se. Ter. And. 5, 4, 21; id. Eun. 3, 1, 17; [[Cato]], R. R. 48 (49); 135 (136); so id. ib. 112 (113): equos [[quinto]] [[anno]] ... amittere binos (dentes); tum renascentes eis [[sexto]] [[anno]] impleri, Varr. R. R. 2, 7, 2 sq.: collo cari jussit hominem in aureo [[lecto]], abacosque [[complures]] ornavit ... Tum ad mensam eximiā formā pueros jussit consistere, eosque, etc., Cic. Tusc. 5, 21, 61: dixerat hoc [[ille]], cum [[puer]] nuntiavit venire ad eum Laelium ... Tum [[Scipio]] e cubiculo est [[egressus]], etc., id. Rep. 1, 12, 18; id. Div. 2, 66, 135; id. Clu. 14, 40; id. Cat. 3, 5, 10; id. Ac. 2, 5, 13; id. Div. 1, 35, 77: hostes suos ab oppugnatione reduxerunt. Tum suo [[more]] conclamaverunt ut, etc., Caes. B. G. 5, 26; cf. id. ib. 7, 64; 5, 43 fin.; 5, 48: adsurgentem ibi regem cuspide ad terram adfixit. Tum spolia caputque abscisum [[spiculo]] [[gerens]] ... hostes fudit, Liv. 4, 19, 5; 5, 21, 1; 1, 26, 9; 1, 18, 10; 1, 20, 1; 1, 22, 6; 1, 28, 4; 1, 28, 9; 2, 24, 4; 3, 8, 11, etc.: tum [[Caesar]] cum exercitu Thessaliam petit, Vell. 2, 52, 1; Val. Max. 5, 1, 3; Curt. 4, 3, 7; Tac. A. 3, 28; 11, 35; id. H. 4, 84; Ov. M. 2, 122; 4, 80; 7, 121; 10, 481; 14, 386; Flor. 1, 13, 12; Gell. 1, 19, 5; 1, 23, 5.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In partic., foll. by an abl. absol.: tum, [[prope]] jam perculsis aliis tribunis, A. Verginius Caesoni capitis diem dicit, Liv. 3, 11, 9; 8, 32, 1; 10, 29, 12: tum omni spe perditā, Meherdates [[dolo]] ejus vincitur, traditurque victori, Tac. A. 12, 15; 12, 16: tum, ferro extracto, [[confestim]] exanimatus est, Nep. Epam. 9, 4.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(g)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Implying a [[connection]] [[between]] [[two]] events, [[hence]], under these circumstances, [[accordingly]], [[thereupon]]: at [[pater]] [[omnipotens]] irā tum [[percitus]] acri ... Phaëthonta ... Deturbavit in terram, Lucr. 5, 399: madefactum iri Graeciam [[sanguine]] ... tum [[neque]] te ipsum non esse commotum, Marcumque Varronem et M. Catonem ... [[vehementer]] esse perterritos, Cic. Div. 1, 32, 68; cf. id. ib. 1, 34, 76; Caes. B. G. 4, 25; cf. id. ib. 5, 49; 5, 51; 7, 59: [[quippe]] quibus nec domi [[spes]] prolis, nec cum finitimis conubia essent. Tum ex consilio patrum [[Romulus]] legatos [[circa]] vicinas gentes misit, Liv. 1, 9, 2; 3, 26, 1; 3, 31, 7; 4, 45, 7.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Enumeration of a [[series]] of events; the co-[[ordinate]] clauses introduced by tum ... tum, or [[primum]] ([[primo]]) ... [[deinde]] ... tum, etc.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Succession of [[time]] [[proper]]: ducem Hannibali unum e [[concilio]] datum (a Jove), tum ei ducem illum praecepisse ne respiceret, illum [[autem]] respexisse, tum visam beluam vastam, etc., Cic. Div. 1, 24, 49; 1, 27, 57; 2, 28, 58 sq.: [[primo]] ... [[deinde]] ... tum ... tum, id. Fin. 1, 16, 50; 5, 23, 65; id. Tusc. 5, 2, 5: [[primum]] ... [[deinde]] ... tum ... [[postremo]], id. N. D. 2, 1, 3; 3, 3, 6: [[primum]] colonos [[inde]] Romanos expulit: [[inde]] in Latinam viam [[transgressus]], etc., [[inde]] [[Lavinium]] recepit; tum [[deinceps]] Corbionem, Vitelliam; postremum, etc., Liv. 2, 39, 4: primi consules sub jugum missi, tum ut [[quisque]] gradu [[proximus]] erat, tum [[deinceps]] singulae legiones, id. 9, 6, 1: [[primo]] ... [[deinde]] ... tum ... tum, id. 21, 22, 8; id. praef. 9; 3, 28, 8: 5, 39, 7; 23, 23, 6: [[deinde]] ... [[deinde]] ... Tum ... [[post]] quas, etc., Curt. 3, 3, 24: [[primum]] ... [[deinde]] ... [[deinde]] ... tum ... [[postea]], Masur. Gabin. ap. Gell. 5, 13, 5; Gai. Inst. 4, 60.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; So in partic.: tum (also hic, et; not [[deinde]] or [[postea]]), to [[denote]] the [[succession]] of speakers in [[dialogue]]: [[immo]] duas dabo, inquit [[adulescens]] ... Tum [[senex]] [[ille]]: Si vis, inquit, [[quattuor]] [[sane]] [[dato]], Plaut. Stich. 4, 1, 46 dub.: tum [[Piso]] ... inquit, etc. Tum [[Quintus]] ... inquit, etc. Hic ego ... [[inquam]], etc. Tum [[ille]] ... inquit, etc. Tum [[Piso]] ... inquit, etc. Et [[ille]] ridens ... inquit, etc. Tum [[Piso]] [[exorsus]] est, etc., Cic. Fin. 5, 1, 2 sqq.: tum [[Atticus]] ... inquit, etc. Tum [[ille]] ... inquit, etc. Tum [[Brutus]], etc. Tum [[ille]], etc. Tum [[Atticus]], etc. Tum [[Pomponius]] ... inquit, etc., id. Brut. 3, 11 sqq., and [[through]] the [[whole]] [[treatise]]; cf. id. Ac. 1, 2, 4; 1, 3, 9; 1, 4, 13; 1, 12, 43 and 44; 2, 19, 63; id. N. D. 1, 6, 15 sqq.; id. Rep. 1, 13, 19 sqq.; Liv. 7, 10, 2 sqq.; 23, 12, 8; Tac. Dial. 3; 15; 25; 42; Gell. 3, 1, 11 sqq.; 18, 1, 9 sqq.; Ov. M. 14, 594.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(g)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Transf., of [[sequence]] or [[succession]] of [[thought]], [[passing]] [[into]] [[mere]] co-ordination (v. C. 2. β, γ), [[then]] ... [[again]] ... furthermore: qui mi in cursu obstiterit, faxo vitae is obstiterit suae. Prius [[edico]] ne [[quis]], etc. Tum pistores scrofipasci qui, etc. Tum piscatores .... Tum lanii [[autem]] qui, etc., Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 28; 4, 2, 34; 4, 2, 39: (res [[familiaris]]) [[primum]] [[bene]] parta [[sit]], tum [[quam]] plurimis se utilem praebeat, [[deinde]] augeatur ratione, [[diligentia]], etc., Cic. Off. 1, 26, 92; id. Ac. 2, 47, 146; id. Tusc. 1, 28, 68 sq.; 5, 40, 117; id. Ac. 2, 10, 30; id. de Or. 1, 42, 190; id. Cat. 4, 3, 5; id. Agr. 1, 2, 5; id. Clu. 2, 6; Liv. 3, 26, 11.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>C</b> Hence, as co-ordinating [[conjunction]], introducing an [[additional]] [[assertion]], or [[thought]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [[Alone]], = [[praeterea]], and [[then]], [[besides]], also, [[moreover]], on the [[other]] [[hand]] (freq. in [[ante]]-[[class]]. [[style]] and in Cic.; [[rare]] in Livy and [[post]]-Aug. [[prose]]): argenti aurique advexit [[multum]], lanam purpuramque multam ... tum Babylonica peristromata, etc., Plaut. Stich. 2, 3, 54; id. Rud. 2, 4, 10; id. Bacch. 4, 3, 71; 4, 8, 17; id. Ps. 3, 2, 78; id. Aul. 1, 2, 6; 1, 3, 16; id. Men. 5, 5, 41; id. Mil. 4, 2, 13; id. Pers. 1, 3, 15; 4, 2, 3; Ter. And. 1, 5, 27; 1, 2, 21; 2, 3, 7; id. Eun. prol. 4; 5, 6, 15; id. Heaut. 2, 1, 16; Lucr. 4, 680; cf. id. 1, 494; 4, 1152: magnum [[ingenium]] L. Luculli, magnumque optimarum artium [[studium]], tum [[omnis]] ab eo [[percepta]] [[doctrina]] ... caruit [[omnino]] rebus urbanis, Cic. Ac. 2, 1, 1; 2, 14, 43; id. Div. 1, 24, 50; 1, 42, 94; id. de Or. 1, 46, 201; id. Off. 1, 6, 19; id. Fin. 1, 6, 21; 2, 16, 53; id. Leg. 1, 5, 17; 1, 9, 26; id. Rab. Post. 14, 40; id. Phil. 13, 12, 26: alterā ex parte [[Bellovaci]] instabant, alteram Camulogenus tenebat: tum legiones a praesidio interclusas maximum [[flumen]] distinebat, Caes. B. G. 7, 59; id. B. C. 3, 49: naves convenerunt duae Punicae quinqueremes; duae ab Heracleā triremes ... tum [[quinque]] Rhodiae quadriremes, Liv. 42, 56, 6; 1, 40, 4; Sen. Vit. Beat. 3, 4; Just. 5, 10, 3.—Sometimes connecting [[two]] terms of the [[same]] [[clause]], [[with]] the [[force]] of cum ... tum (v. [[infra]], 3. d.): [[quot]] me censes homines jam deverberasse, hospites tum [[civis]]? Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 14: faciendum est [[igitur]] nobis ut ... veteranorum, tum legionis Martiae quartaeque [[consensus]] ... confirmetur, Cic. Phil. 3, 3, 7; Liv. 28, 43, 1 (in co-ordination [[often]] [[with]] [[etiam]], [[autem]], and [[sometimes]] [[with]] [[praeterea]] and [[porro]]; v. III. [[infra]]).—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Tum as correlative of a [[preceding]] tum.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With an added [[assertion]] or [[thought]]: ita est haec hominum [[natio]]: voluptarii [[atque]] potatores, Tum sycophantae ... plurimi In urbe habitant; tum meretrices mulieres Nusquam perhibentur blandiores gentium, Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 35; id. Ep. 2, 2, 28; id. Mil. 3, 1, 100; 3, 1, 102.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Tum ... tum = [[nunc]] ... [[nunc]] ([[modo]] ... [[modo]]), [[sometimes]] ... [[sometimes]], [[now]] ... [[now]], at one [[time]] ... at [[another]] (freq. in Cic., not in Cæs., [[rare]] in Liv., and [[very]] [[rare]] in postAug. writers): tum huc, tum [[illuc]] inretitos impedit [[piscis]], Plaut. Truc. 1, 1, 17: tum hoc mihi probabilius, tum illud videtur, Cic. Ac. 2, 43, 134: mihi ... tum hoc tum illud probabilius videtur, id. Off. 3, 7, 33; so id. Am. 4, 13; id. Sen. 13, 45; id. Top. 7, 31; id. N. D. 2, 19, 49: ([[alvus]]) tum restringitur, tum relaxatur, id. ib. 2, 54, 136; id. Rep. 3, 13 (14), 23; id. Leg. 2, 7, 16; id. Or. 63, 212; id. Sen. 3, 7; id. Inv. 1, 37, 66: [[dictator]] tum appellare tum adhortari milites, Liv. 8, 39, 4; Suet. Ner. 1; Gell. 1, 11, 15.—Tum [[may]] be [[repeated]] [[several]] times: [[plerique]] [[propter]] voluptatem tum in morbos graves, tum in damna, tum in dedecora incurrunt, Cic. Fin. 1, 14, 47; 3, 7, 26; so [[three]] times, id. N. D. 1, 12, 29; 1, 14, 37; 1, 15, 39; id. Inv. 1, 52, 98; id. Or. 3, 45, 177; id. Off. 1, 7, 22; id. Leg. 2, 17, 43; id. Top. 25, 96; [[four]] times, id. N. D. 1, 43, 120; 2, 20, 52; 2, 39, 101; id. Verr. 2, 4, 34, § 75; [[five]] times, id. N. D. 2, 5, 14; id. Inv. 1, 13, 17; 1, 41, 76; id. Verr. 2, 5, 36, § 94; [[six]] times, id. ib. 1, 53, 120; [[seven]] times, Quint. 9, 4, 133; [[nine]] times, Cic. N. D. 2, 50, 51.—And in chronological [[order]] (to be [[distinguished]] from the instances B. 2. α and γ): Atheniensium (rem publicam constituerunt) tum [[Theseus]], tum [[Draco]], tum [[Solo]], tum [[Clisthenes]], tum multi alii, at [[different]] times, [[successively]], Cic. Rep. 2, 1, 2.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(g)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Preceded or followed by [[other]] co-[[ordinate]] words ([[alias]], [[modo]], [[aliquando]], aut ... aut, [[nunc]] ... [[nunc]]): ex quo intellegitur [[qualis]] [[ille]] [[sit]] quem tum moderatum, [[alias]] modestum, tum temperantem, [[alias]] constantem continentemque dicimus, Cic. Tusc. 4, 16, 36: tum ... tum ... [[aliquando]], id. Div. 2, 2, 6: tum ... tum ... aut ... aut, id. Or. 61, 204: [[modo]] ... tum [[autem]], id. N. D. 2, 40, 142: [[nunc]] ... [[nunc]] ... tum ... tum, Flor. 1, 17, 5.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(d)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Tum ... tum = et ... et, [[both]] ... and, not [[only]] ... [[but]] also, [[partly]] ... [[partly]], [[without]] [[regard]] to [[time]], the [[second]] [[term]] [[being]] [[frequently]] strengthened by [[etiam]] ([[mostly]] [[post]]-Aug.): [[Milo]] Compsam oppugnans, ictusque lapide tum Clodio, tum patriae, [[quam]] armis petebat, poenas dedit, Vell. 2, 68, 3: Muciam et Fulviam, tum a patre, tum a viro utramque inclitam, Val. Max. 9, 1, 8: [[Caesar]] Pompejo tum proprias, tum [[etiam]] filiae lacrimas reddidit, id. 5, 1, 10; Quint. 7, 3, 18; Sen. Q. N. 4, 2, 28; id. Clem. 1, 19, 2; Front. Aquaed. 1; Tac. A. 12, 33; Suet. Tit. 3; Nep. praef. 8; and [[with]] [[etiam]], Val. Max. 2, 2, 8; 5, 9, 1; 7, 6 prooem.; Nep. Them. 2, 3.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>3</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; As correlative [[with]] a [[preceding]] cum, introducing [[particular]] [[after]] a [[universal]] or a stronger or [[more]] [[important]] [[assertion]] [[after]] a weaker or [[less]] [[important]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>a</b> Connecting [[complete]] sentences [[with]] [[different]] predicates, cum ... tum = as ... so, [[while]] ... (tum [[being]] not translated; [[ante]]-[[class]]. cum [[always]] [[with]] indic.; [[class]]. [[with]] subj. or indic.): [[quom]] [[antehac]] te amavi, et mihi amicam esse crevi ... tum id mihi [[hodie]] aperuisti, Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 2; id. Truc. 4, 1, 6: [[quom]] id mihi placebat, tum uno [[ore]] omnes omnia [[Bona]] dicere, Ter. And. 1, 1, 69; id. Phorm. 1, 4, 10: quae cum res tota ficta [[sit]] [[pueriliter]], tum ne efficit [[quidem]] [[quod]] vult, Cic. Fin. 1, 6, 19; id. Tusc. 5, 39, 13; id. Fam. 13, 16, 1; and so [[with]] subj., id. N. D. 1, 1, 1; id. Off. 3, 2, 5; id. Lael. 7, 23; id. Brut. 39, 145; 11, 250: cum omnium rerum [[simulatio]] est vitiosa, tum amicitiae repugnat [[maxime]], id. Lael. 25, 91; id. Div. 2, 27, 58; and so [[with]] indic., id. Planc. 33, 80; id. Tull. 4, 8; id. Div. in Caecil. 20, 65; id. Sest. 1, 2; id. Fam. 16, 4, 4: haec cum [[merito]] ejus fieri intellegebat, tum magni interesse arbitrabatur, etc., Caes. B. G. 5, 4; 3, 16; id. B. C. 1, 58; Liv. 3, 34, 1; 4, 53, 4.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> Clauses [[with]] the [[same]] [[predicate]], [[which]] is placed [[after]] the [[first]] [[clause]] ([[always]] [[with]] indic.): nam mihi, cum [[multa]] [[eximie]] divineque videntur [[Athenae]] tuae peperisse, tum [[nihil]] [[melius]] illis mysteriis quibus, etc., Cic. Leg. 2, 14, 36; id. Tusc. 4, 18, 42; id. Phil. 2, 5, 12; Liv. 4, 46, 10; 6, 38, 10.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>c</b> Clauses [[with]] a [[common]] [[predicate]] placed [[before]] [[both]] co-[[ordinate]] terms, cum ... tum = not [[only]], [[but]] also; as ... so [[especially]]: visa est Arcesilae cum vera [[sententia]], tum honesta et digna sapiente, Cic. Ac. 2, 24, 77; id. Fin. 1, 16, 51; 2, 35, 119; 3, 1, 3: movit patres conscriptos cum [[causa]] tum [[auctor]], Liv. 9, 10, 1; 4, 57, 2; Suet. Ner. 46 init.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>d</b> With a [[common]] [[predicate]] [[after]] [[both]] co-[[ordinate]] terms: [[quom]] virum tum uxorem, di vos perdant, Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 103: [[luxuria]] cum omni aetati [[turpis]] tum senectuti foedissima est, Cic. Off. 1, 34, 123; id. Clu. 59, 161; id. Verr. 2, 1, 34, § 86; id. N. D. 1, 21, 57; id. Deiot. 9, 26; id. Clu. 16, 46: concitatos animos flecti [[quam]] frangi putabat cum tutius tum facilius esse, Liv. 2, 23, 15; 6, 9, 8; 1, 57, 1; 10, 26, 13; Tac. Dial. 5.—With tum [[several]] times [[repeated]]: quem [[pater]] moriens cum tutoribus et propinquis, tum legibus, tum aequitati magistratuum, tum judiciis vestris commendatum putavit, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 58, § 151; cf. esp. id. Planc. 40, 95. —<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>e</b> Tum, in this [[construction]], is freq. strengthened,<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; By [[vero]]: cum haec sunt videnda, tum [[vero]] illud est hominis magni, etc., in [[particular]], Cic. Clu. 58, 159; id. Mur. 27, 55; id. Phil. 3, 5, 12; 7, 3, 9; cf. id. Or. 1, 23, 106; 3, 16, 60; Liv. 34, 39, 9; Quint. 12, 1, 25.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; By [[maxime]], [[above]] all, [[most]] of all, [[especially]], [[chiefly]]: cum omnibus in rebus [[temeritas]] in adsentando [[turpis]] est, tum in eo [[loco]] [[maxime]] in quo ju dicandum est [[quantum]], etc., Cic. Div. 1, 4, 7; id. Tusc. 4, 1, 1; 5, 12, 36; id. Rosc. Am. 25, 69: cum [[infamia]] [[atque]] [[indignitas]] rei impediebat, tum [[maxime]] [[quod]], etc., Caes. B. G. 7, 56; Sall. J. 43, 5; Liv. 1, 8, 2; Suet. Claud. 30; Quint. 6, 1, 29.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(g)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; By [[praecipue]], [[especially]], [[chiefly]], [[above]] all: cum omnium sociorum provinciarumque rationem [[diligenter]] habere debetis, tum [[praecipue]] Siciliae, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 1, § 2; id. Fam. 13, 11, 3: [[fortuna]] quae plurimum potest cum in reliquis rebus, tum [[praecipue]] in [[bello]], Caes. B. C. 3, 68; Liv. 22, 43, 11; 1, 40, 3; Quint. 1, 1, 29; 1, 10, 13; 5, 10, 106; Plin. Ep. 4, 3, 2.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(d)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; By [[inprimis]], [[chiefly]], [[principally]]: cum [[multa]] non [[probo]], tum illud [[inprimis]] [[quod]], etc., Cic. Fin. 1, 6, 18; id. Fam. 12, 22, 3.—（ε) By [[cumprimis]], [[chiefly]], [[principally]]: [[quapropter]] [[bene]] cum superis de rebus habenda Nobis est [[ratio]] ... tum [[cumprimis]] Unde [[anima]] [[atque]] animi constet [[natura]] videndum, Lucr. 1, 131.—（ζ) By [[certe]], [[especially]], at [[least]], [[assuredly]]: at cum de plurimis [[eadem]] dicit, tum [[certe]] de maximis, Cic. Fin. 4, 5, 13; id. Fam. 7, 4; cf. Quint. 2, 1, 10.—（η) By [[nimirum]], [[assuredly]], [[undoubtedly]]: cum plurimas ... commoditates [[amicitia]] contineat, tum [[illa]] [[nimirum]] [[praestat]] omnibus [[quod]], etc., Cic. Am. 7, 23. —（θ) By [[etiam]], [[besides]], as [[well]]: cum omnes omnibus ex terris homines improbos audacesque collegerat, tum [[etiam]] multos fortes viros et bonos ... tenebat, Cic. Cael. 6, 14; id. Ac. 2, 10, 31; id. Tusc. 1, 1, 2: quos tu cum memoriter, tum [[etiam]] [[erga]] nos [[amice]] et [[benevole]] collegisti, id. Fin. 1, 10, 34; id. Verr. 2, 3, 23, § 56: cum suā virtute, tum [[etiam]] alienis vitiis, id. Leg. 23, 67; id. Fin. 2, 12, 38; id. N. D. 2, 37, 95; id. de Or. 3, 60, 225; Liv. 1, 21, 2; 7, 23, 6; 7, 32, 10; Val. Max. 7, 2, 3; 3, 2, 10; 9, 6, 3; Quint. 9, 1, 20; 9, 4, 143.—（ι) By [[quoque]], also, [[besides]], as [[well]]: cum [[potestas]] major, tum vir [[quoque]] potestati [[par]] hostes [[trans]] Anienem submovere, Liv. 4, 17, 11; 1, 22, 2; cf. Quint. 12, 10, 72.—（κ) By et, also, [[besides]], [[too]]: cujus mortem cum [[luctus]] civitatis, tum et dictaturae [[undecim]] insignem fecere, Just. 19, 1, 7.—（λ) By [[praeterea]], [[moreover]], [[besides]]: dicimus C. Verrem cum [[multa]] [[libidinose]] fecerit, tum [[praeterea]] quadringentiens [[sestertium]] ex Siciliā abstulisse, Cic. Verr. 1, 18, 56.<br /><b>II</b> Tum as correlative of [[dependent]] clauses (freq. in [[ante]] - [[class]]. writings and Cic., [[rare]] in [[post]]-Aug. writings).<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> With [[temporal]] clauses, introduced by cum, = at the [[time]] [[when]], at a [[time]] [[when]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Referring to [[definite]] [[past]] [[time]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>a</b> Tum as [[antecedent]] of cum: jam tum cum [[primum]] jussit me ad se arcessier, Roget [[quis]], Quid [[tibi]] cum illā? Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 4; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 21: qui ([[Hercules]]) tum dolore frangebatur cum immortalitatem ipsā morte quaerebat, Cic. Tusc. 2, 8, 20: [[bene]] [[apud]] majores nostros [[senatus]] tum cum florebat [[imperium]] decrevit ut, etc., id. Div. 1, 41, 91; id. Phil. 2, 44, 114; id. Div. 1, 17, 30; id. Verr. 2, 2, 66, § 160; id. Clu. 33, 89; id. Verr. 1, 2, 5; id. Brut. 2, 7; 23, 89; id. Off. 3, 27, 100; id. Agr. 2, 24, 64; id. Phil. 2, 39, 100; 3, 4, 11: tum mittendos legatos fuisse cum [[Perseus]] Graecas urbes obsideret, Liv. 45, 3, 7: tum cum Vipereos sparsi ... dentes, Ov. M. 4, 572; id. H. 3, 23; Val. Max. 6, 1, 12.—After pluperf.: nam tum cum in Asiā res magnas permulti amiserant scimus Romae solutione impeditā fidem concidisse, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 7, 19; Val. Max. 3, 6, 1; 2, 8, 15 fin.—Tum inserted in the [[temporal]] [[clause]]: cum Davo [[egomet]] vidi jurgantem ancillam ... [[quom]] ibi me adesse [[neuter]] tum praesenserat, Ter. And. 5, 1, 20.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> Tum, introducing the [[apodosis]] of the [[temporal]] [[clause]] ([[generally]] not transl. in Engl.).<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Of coincident events, cum ... tum = [[while]]: [[quom]] genui tum morituros scivi, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 58, 132 (Trag. Rel. v. 361 Vahl.); Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 18: cum [[minime]] videbamur, tum [[maxime]] philosophabamur, Cic. N. D. 1, 3, 6; id. Agr. 2, 11, 26; id. Cael. 26, 63; id. Phil. 3, 5, 13: cum pavida [[mulier]] nullam opem videret, tum [[Tarquinius]] fateri amorem, orare, etc., Liv. 1, 58, 3; 5, 11, 4. —<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Tum = [[deinde]], usu. [[after]] a pluperf.: id cum [[Sulla]] fecisset, tum [[ante]] [[oppidum]] Nolam Samnitium [[castra]] cepit, Cic. Div. 1, 33, 72; id. Brut. 92, 319; id. Ac. 2, 3, 9; 2, 3, 15; id. Fin. 1, 8, 26; id. Tusc. 4, 20, 45; id. Div. 1, 25, 53; 2, 2, 7; id. Rep. 2, 25, 47; Liv. 21, 11, 8; cf. id. 1, 26, 7; 23, 22, 4.—Inserted in the [[apodosis]]: cum jam humanae [[opes]] egestae a Veis essent, amoliri tum deum dona, Liv. 5, 22, 3.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Referring to [[definite]] [[present]] [[time]]: quem esse negas, eundem esse [[dicis]]. Cum [[enim]] miserum esse [[dicis]], tum eum qui non [[sit]], [[dicis]] esse, Cic. Tusc. 1, 6, 12.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>3</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Referring to [[indefinite]] [[time]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>a</b> As [[antecedent]] of the [[clause]], = at the [[time]] [[when]], at a [[time]] [[when]], [[whenever]]: hominum inmortalis est [[infamia]]; [[etiam]] tum vivit [[quom]] esse credas mortuam, Plaut. Pers. 3, 1, 28; id. As. 1, 3, 55; id. Merc. 3, 2, 7; [[Cato]], R. R. 31: nec sibi [[enim]] [[quisquam]] tum se vitamque requirit Cum [[pariter]] [[mens]] et [[corpus]] sopita quiescunt, Lucr. 3, 919; 4, 444; 4, 455; 4, 1166: [[omnis]] [[praedictio]] mali tum probatur cum ad praedictionem [[cautio]] adjungitur, Cic. Div. 2, 25, 54; id. Fin. 2, 32, 104; id. N. D. 2, 3, 9: tum cum [[sine]] pondere suci Mobilibus ventis arida facta volant, Ov. H. 5, 109; Cic. Ac. 1, 12, 44; 2, 27, 88; id. Fin. 4, 8, 20; id. Tusc. 3, 9, 20; 5, 26, 73; id. N. D. 1, 4, 9; id. Off. 1, 27, 93.—Tum [[maxime]] ... cum plurimum = eo [[magis]] quo [[magis]]: eam (partem animi) tum [[maxime]] vigere cum plurimum absit a corpore, Cic. Div. 1, 32, 70; so, cum [[maxime]] ... tum [[maxime]]; v. b. α foll.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> Tum introducing the [[apodosis]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; As coincident: [[quom]] amamus, tum perimus, Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 94: [[ulmus]], cum folia cadunt, tum [[iterum]] tempestiva est, [[Cato]], R. R. 17; so id. ib. 155 (156): cum ea quae [[quasi]] involuta fuerunt, aperti sunt, tum inventa dicuntur, Cic. Ac. 2, 8, 26; id. Fin. 5, 10, 29; 1, 17, 57; id. N. D. 2, 52, 129; 1, 19, 49; id. Imp. Pomp. 6, 15.—Cum [[maxime]] ... tum [[maxime]] = quo [[magis]] eo [[magis]]: nam [[quom]] pugnabant maxume, ego tum fugiebam maxume, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 45: [[quamobrem]] omnes, cum secundae res sunt maxume, tum maxume Meditari [[secum]] [[oportet]], etc., Cic. Tusc. 3, 14, 30 [[poet]].—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; As [[subsequent]]: ad legionem [[quom]] itum, [[adminiculum]] eis danunt tum jam aliquem cognatum suum, Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 47: eo cum accessit [[ratio]] argumentique [[conclusio]] ... tum et [[perceptio]] eorum omnium apparet, Cic. Ac. 2, 10, 30; 2, 41, 128; id. Fin. 5, 9, 24; 1, 20, 69; 5, 15, 41; id. Tusc. 1, 4, 8; 1, 24, 58; 3, 2, 3; id. N. D. 2, 48, 123; id. Div. 2, 19, 44.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>4</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Referring to [[future]] [[time]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Tum as [[antecedent]] of cum: [[quom]] mi haec dicentur dicta, tum tu, [[furcifer]], [[quasi]] mus in [[medio]] pariete vorsabere, Plaut. Cas. 1, 51; id. Bacch. 3, 4, 20: non committam ut tum haec res judicetur cum haec [[frequentia]] Romā discesserit, Cic. Verr. 1, 18, 54; id. Agr. 2, 17, 44; 2, 25, 67; id. Fin. 4, 22, 62; id. Tusc. 1, 20, 46; Liv. 23, 13, 4; 41, 10, 7; Ov. M. 2, 651; id. H. 15, 293; Nep. Them. 6, 5.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Tum introducing the [[apodosis]]: [[quom]] videbis, tum scies, Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 37; 4, 6, 30: de quo cum perpauca dixero, tum ad jus civile veniam, Cic. Leg. 1, 12, 34; id. Clu. 2, 6; 4, 9; Liv. 3, 56, 10.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> With [[temporal]] [[clause]], introduced by ubi.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Tum as [[antecedent]] of the [[clause]] ([[very]] [[rare]]): vitem novellam resecare tum erit [[tempus]] ubi valebit, [[Cato]], R. R. 33: tum tu [[igitur]] [[demum]] id adulescenti [[aurum]] dabis, ubi erit locata [[virgo]] in [[matrimonium]]? Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 52.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Tum introducing the [[apodosis]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Referring to [[definite]] [[past]] [[time]] (tum [[always]] = [[deinde]]): ubi eorum dolorem majorem [[quam]] ceterorum cognovi, tum [[meum]] animum in illos, tum mei consilii causam proposui, tum eos [[hortatus]] [[sum]], etc., Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 63, § 140; Sall. J. 94, 3: ubi illuxit, et Romanis Punica et Gallica [[arma]] cognita, tum dubitationem exemere, Liv. 25, 10, 5; 1, 9, 10; 4, 57, 3; 9, 43, 16; 21, 25, 12; 23, 11, 4.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Referring to [[indefinite]] [[time]]: [[post]] ubi tempust promissa jam perfici, Tum coacti [[necessario]] se aperiunt, Ter. And. 4, 1, 8: [[Cato]], R. R. 3 init.; 17: ubi jam morbi se flexit [[causa]] ... Tum [[quasi]] vaccillans [[primum]] consurgit, Lucr. 3, 503; 6, 129; 6, 526.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(g)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Referring to [[future]] [[time]]: [[otium]] ubi erit, tum [[tibi]] operam [[ludo]] et [[deliciae]] dabo, Plaut. Rud. 2, 4, 13; id. Stich. 4, 2, 14: ubi tu voles, Ubi [[tempus]] erit, sat habet si tum recipitur, Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 32; Plaut. Truc. 4, 4, 18; id. Bacch. 4, 3, 72; id. Pers. 4, 7, 19; id. Cas. 3, 2, 27: ut ubi id interrogando argumentis firmavero, tum testes ad [[crimen]] accommodem, Cic. Verr. 1, 18, 55: ubi haerere jam aciem videris, tum terrorem equestrem [[infer]], Liv. 6, 12, 10; 22, 55, 8.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>C</b> With a [[temporal]] [[clause]] introduced by [[postquam]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Tum as [[antecedent]] of the [[clause]] ([[very]] [[rare]]): [[Flaminius]] qui ne [[quieto]] [[quidem]] hoste [[ipse]] quieturus erat, tum [[vero]] [[postquam]] res sociorum [[ante]] oculos [[prope]] suos ferri vidit, suum id [[dedecus]] [[ratus]], etc., Liv. 22, 3, 7; Val. Max. 3, 8, 1 (v. [[infra]], III. A. 2. a. β).—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Tum introducing the [[apodosis]] ([[always]] = [[deinde]]).<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Referring to [[definite]] [[past]] [[time]]: [[posteaquam]] e portu piratae exierunt, tum coeperunt quaerere homines, etc., Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 38, § 100; Sall. J. 106, 6; 84, 1; id. Cat. 51, 40 (al. [[tunc]]): [[postquam]] [[satis]] virium collectum videbat, tum ex suis unum sciscitatum Romam ad patrem misit, Liv. 1, 54, 5; 3, 66, 5; 6, 13, 4; 22, 48, 4; 25, 10, 6; Gell. 5, 3, 6.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Referring to [[indefinite]] [[time]]: [[postquam]] [[vero]] [[commoditas]] quaedam ... dicendi copiam consecuta est, tum ingenio freta malitiā pervertere urbes adsuevit, Cic. Inv. 1, 2, 3.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>D</b> With a [[temporal]] [[clause]] introduced by ut.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Tum as [[antecedent]] of the [[clause]] ([[very]] [[rare]]): tum [[vero]] ingentem gemitum dat Ut spolia, ut [[currus]], utque ipsum [[corpus]] amici ... conspexit, Verg. A. 1, 485; cf. id. ib. 12, 218.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Tum introducing the [[apodosis]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Of [[definite]] [[past]] [[time]]: nam ut [[dudum]] adcurrimus ad Alcesimarchum ... tum mi, [[puto]], [[prae]] timore hic excidisse Cistellam, Plaut. Cist. 4, 2, 46: sed ut intellectum est quantam vim haberet accurata ... [[oratio]], tum [[etiam]] magistri dicendi multi [[subito]] exstiterunt, Cic. Brut. 8, 30; id. Phil. 9, 4, 9; Liv. 24, 44, 10; id. 21, 54, 9; 23, 34, 6.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Referring to [[future]] [[time]]: [[neque]] ut quaeque res delata ad nos erit, tum [[denique]] scrutari locos debemus, Cic. de Or. 2, 34, 146: traditum esse ut [[quando]] [[aqua]] [[Albana]] abundasset, tum, si eam Romanus [[rite]] emisisset, victoriam de Vejentibus dari (= si [[quando]]), Liv. 5, 15, 11 Weissenb. ad loc.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>E</b> With a [[temporal]] [[clause]] introduced by [[quando]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Tum as [[antecedent]] of the [[clause]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Of [[definite]] [[past]] [[time]]: auctoritatem senatūs exstare [[sentio]], tum, [[quando]] Alexandro mortuo, legatos Tyrum misimus, Cic. Agr. 2, 16, 41.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Of [[future]] [[time]]: at scire tum [[memento]] [[quando]] id [[quod]] voles habebis, Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 41; id. Mil. 3, 1, 213; id. Most. 3, 1, 136; id. Men. 5, 7, 57: [[utinam]] tum essem [[natus]] [[quando]] Romani dona accipere coepissent, Cic. Off. 2, 21, 75.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Tum introducing the [[apodosis]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Of [[indefinite]] [[time]] ([[quando]] = [[whenever]]): [[quando]] [[esurio]] tum crepant ([[intestina]]), Plaut. Men. 5, 5, 27; id. Truc. 1, 1, 15; id. Ps. 4, 7, 85: [[quando]] [[mulier]] dotem [[marito]] dabat, tum quae ex suis bonis retinebat reciperare dicebatur, Gell. 17, 6, 6; 7 (6), 14, 4.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Of [[future]] [[time]]: at tu, [[quando]] habebis, tum [[dato]], Plaut. Men. 3, 3, 23: [[quando]] ab eādem parte sol eodemque tempore [[iterum]] defecerit, tum signis omnibus ad [[principium]] revocatis, expletum annum habeto, Cic. Rep. 6, 22, 24: [[quando]] mihi [[usus]] venerit, tum quaeram ex te [[atque]] discam, Gell. 6 (7), 17, 4.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>F</b> In the [[apodosis]] [[after]] [[simul]] ac: an [[simul]] ac [[nubes]] successere, [[ipse]] in eas tum Descendit ([[Juppiter]]), [[prope]] ut [[hinc]] teli determinet [[ictus]]? Lucr. 6, 402.—<br /> With a [[temporal]] [[clause]] introduced by dum.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Tum as [[antecedent]]: sanctius [[visum]] est [[nomen]] Augusti, ut [[scilicet]] jam tum dum colit terras, ipso numine ac [[titulo]] consecretur, Flor. 2, 33, 66 (4, 12, 66).—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Tum introducing the [[apodosis]]: dum habeat, tum amet, Plaut. Truc. 2, 1, 23: dum se glomerant ... tum pondere [[turris]] Procubuit, Verg. A. 9, 540.—<br /> As [[antecedent]] of [[quamdiu]]: qui cum [[tibi]] [[amicus]] non [[modo]] tum fuerit [[quamdiu]] [[tecum]] in provinciā fuerit, [[verum]] [[etiam]] [[nunc]] [[sit]] cum, etc., Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 24, § 58.—<br /> Denoting a [[logical]] [[consequence]] [[after]] [[quando]] and cum: [[quando]] [[ergo]] [[erga]] te [[benignus]] fui ... tum te mihi [[benigne]] [[itidem]] [[addecet]] ... referre gratiam, Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 35: cum [[magnus]] [[numerus]] deesset, tum [[iste]] [[homo]] [[nefarius]] in eorum locum ... substituere coepit cives Romanos, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 28, § 72.—<br /> After [[relative]] clauses denoting [[time]]: quā tempestate [[Paris]] Helenam innuptis junxit nuptiis, Ego tum gravida expletis jam [[fere]] ad pariendum mensibus, Poët. ap. Cic. de Or. 3, 58, 219 (Trag. Rel. p. 246 Rib.).—<br /> With conditional clauses.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With a conditional [[clause]] introduced by si, [[sin]], ni (not [[nisi]]).<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Tum as [[antecedent]] of [[clause]]: tum pol ego interii, [[homo]] si [[ille]] abiit, Plaut. Ps. 4, 1, 6; id. Men. 2, 2, 71; Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 40: si [[tenuis]] [[causa]] est, tum [[etiam]] argumentandi tenue [[filum]], Cic. Or. 36, 124; id. Rep. 1, 40, 62; 2, 9, 15; id. Fin. 1, 19, 63; id. N. D. 1, 6, 13; id. Verr. 2, 3, 47, § 112: tum [[vero]] ego [[nequiquam]] [[Capitolium]] servaverim si civem in servitutem duci videam, Liv. 6, 14, 4; 3, 9, 11; 6, 14, 4; 7, 34, 14; [[Cato]] ap. Plin. 29, 1, 7, § 14; Gell. 2, 12, 1 sq.; 4, 13, 1; 14, 2, 21.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Tum introducing the [[apodosis]]: si [[triduum]] hoc hic erimus, tum arbores in te cadent, Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 30; id. Rud. 5, 2, 59; 3, 4, 49; id. As. 1, 3, 89; id. Rud. 1, 3, 13; id. Ps. 4, 1, 1; 4, 1, 48 (39); Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 64; 3, 1, 17; id. Phorm. 1, 3, 19; [[Cato]], R. R. 26; cf. id. ib. 27: [[quod]] si, ut [[spero]], cepero, tum [[vero]] litteras [[publice]] mittam, Cic. Fam. 2, 10, 3; id. Div. 1, 44, 100; cf. id. Ac. 2, 10, 32; id. Fin. 2, 4, 79; id. N. D. 3, 36, 87; id. Rep. 1, 43, 66: id. Rosc. Am. 49, 142: si dimicandum erit, tum tu in novissimos te recipito, Liv. 7, 40, 13; 8, 10, 12; Hor. S. 1, 2, 97; Ov. M. 7, 32.— Esp., denoting the consequences of [[perjury]] in [[ancient]] formulas of oaths: si ego injuste illos homines dedier mihi [[exposco]], tum patriae compotem me [[numquam]] sīris esse, Liv. 1, 32, 7; 1, 24, 8; 22, 53, 11; [[hence]], [[quid]] si falles? Me. Tum [[Mercurius]] Sosiae [[iratus]] siet, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 239; 3, 2, 52; id. Aul. 4, 10, 50; cf. also Liv. 3, 64, 10.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With a [[condition]] [[contrary]] to [[fact]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Tum, [[antecedent]] of [[clause]]: tum esset [[ostentum]], si anguem [[vectis]] circumplicavisset, Cic. Div. 2, 28, 62; id. Verr. 2, 2, 68, § 164: tum id audirem si [[tibi]] soli viveres, id. Marcell. 8, 25; id. Fin. 4, 13, 33; id. Div. 2, 35, 73.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Tum introducing the [[apodosis]]: si [[quidem]] me amaret, tum [[istuc]] prodesset, Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 56: quodsi omnia nobis quae ad victum [[pertinent]]. suppeditarentur, tum optimo [[quisque]] ingenio, totum se in cognitione et scientiā collocaret, Cic. Off. 1, 44, 158. —<br /> After an abl. absol.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With [[perfect]] participles (= [[postquam]] or cum ... tum), [[mostly]] [[with]] [[denique]], [[vero]], [[demum]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Referring to [[definite]] [[past]] [[time]]: ut morte ejus nuntiatā tum [[denique]] [[bellum]] confectum arbitraretur, Cic. Mur. 16, 34: sed confecto [[proelio]] tum [[vero]] cerneres quanta vis animi fuisset in exercitu Catilinae, Sall. C. 61, 1: ita rebus divinis peractis tum de [[bello]] [[deque]] republicā [[dictator]] rettulit, Liv. 22, 11, 1; 2, 29, 1; 2, 29, 3; 3, 56, 1; 5, 50, 8; Plin. 11, 20, 22, § 68.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Referring to [[indefinite]] [[time]]: hisce omnibus rebus consideratis, tum [[denique]] id [[quod]] [[primum]] est dicendum, postremum [[soleo]] cogitare, quo utar exordio, Cic. Or. 2, 77, 315.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(g)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Referring to [[future]] [[time]] (the abl. absol. = a fut. perf.): ita [[prope]] XL. diebus interpositis tum [[denique]] se responsuros esse arbitrantur, Cic. Verr. 1, 10, 31; 1, 18, 54; id. Fin. 4, 13, 32; id. Scaur. Fragm. 10, 22.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With pres. participles ([[post]]-[[class]].): tacentibus cunctis, tum [[ipse]] (dixit), etc., Just. 12, 15, 6.<br /><b>III</b> Particular connections.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> With [[other]] particles of [[time]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Jam tum, [[already]] at [[that]] [[time]], i. e. earlier [[than]] [[might]] be anticipated: jam tum erat [[suspitio]] [[Dolo]] [[malo]] haec fieri, Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 8; cf. id. ib. 4, 4, 58; id. Phorm. 5, 8, 34: [[quippe]] [[etenim]] jam tum divom mortalia saecla Egregias [[animo]] [[facies]] vigilante videbant, Lucr. 5, 1169; 5, 1037: ut mihi jam tum divinasse [[ille]] ([[Romulus]]) videatur hanc urbem sedem [[aliquando]] summo esse imperio praebituram, Cic. Rep. 2, 5, 10; 2, 7, 12; id. Div. 2, 57, 118; id. Tusc. 4, 2, 4: jam tum in Palatio monte [[Lupercal]] hoc fuisse ludicrum ferunt, Liv. 1, 5, 1; 1, 7, 16; 1, 41, 7; 10, 21, 14; 24, 49, 1: ut jam tum [[qualis]] [[futurus]] esset ostenderet, Suet. Dom. 1; Curt. 4, 6, 29.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Tum [[demum]] and tum [[denique]], [[then]] [[only]], [[then]] at [[length]], [[then]] at [[last]], not [[till]] [[then]], i. e. [[later]] [[than]] [[might]] be [[expected]], implying delayed [[action]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>a</b> Tum [[demum]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In gen.: adversisque in rebus noscere qui [[sit]]. Nam verae voces tum [[demum]] pectore ab imo Eiciuntur, Lucr. 3, 58: tum [[demum]] Liscus, oratione Caesaris [[adductus]], [[quod]] [[antea]] tacuerat proponit, Caes. B. G. 1, 17; 5, 33; Sall. J. 46, 1: nec [[ante]] in campum degressi sunt [[quam]], etc. Tum [[demum]] [[castra]] Etruscorum pro moenibus Fidenarum posita, Liv. 4, 17, 12; 45, 12, 6; 2, 20, 11; 5, 39, 2; 23, 19, 15 et saep.; Val. Max. 1, 6, 10; 1, 7, 4; Curt. 3, 12, 12; Tac. A. 3, 18; 3, 47.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In partic., referring to clauses introduced by cum, ubi, si, or abl. absol. (v. II. A. B. L. M.), denoting [[absolute]] [[restriction]] to the terms of the [[clause]]: imo [[etiam]] ubi expolivero, [[magis]] hoc tum [[demum]] dices, Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 60: tum [[demum]] mihi [[procax]] Academia videbitur si aut consenserint omnes, aut, etc., Cic. N. D. 1, 6, 13: cum is Casilini eo [[die]] mansurum dixisset, tum [[demum]] [[cognitus]] est [[error]], Liv. 22, 13, 8; Vell. 2, 115, 4; Val. Max. 3, 8, 1 fin.; 7, 2, 4; Curt. 3, 11, 6; Plin. Ep. 8, 20, 7.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(g)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Sometimes = [[nunc]] [[demum]] (anteclass.): [[victus]] es, Chaline. St. Tum nos [[demum]] vivere. [[Olympio]]. Gaudeo, Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 65.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> Tum [[denique]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In gen.: tum [[denique]] tauros in gregem [[redigo]], Varr. R. R. 2, 5: injectā glaebā [[tumulus]] is ([[locus]]) ubi humatus est vocatur, ac tum [[denique]] [[multa]] religiosa jura complectitur, Cic. Leg. 2, 22, 57; id. Fin. 3, 22, 76; id. Tusc. 3, 26, 61: [[nequiquam]] temptati ut tum [[denique]] desisterent impediendo [[bello]], Liv. 4, 55, 5; Ov. M. 4, 519; 7, 857; 10, 664.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Referring to clauses [[with]] cum, etc. (v. II. A. B. L. M.): tum [[denique]] homines nostra intellegimus bona [[quom]] quae in potestate habuimus ea amisimus, Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 33: quo cum venerimus, tum [[denique]] vivemus, Cic. Tusc. 1, 31, 75; 3, 31, 75; id. Leg. 2, 4, 10; id. Rep. 1, 6, 11; so, tum [[denique]] si, id. Fam. 14, 2, 3; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 10, § 29; id. Verr. 2, 2, 1, § 1: indicandum [[primum]] fuisse, [[dein]] petendum [[praesidium]], [[postremo]] ni impetraretur, tum [[denique]] querendum, Liv. 23, 43, 2; [[Cato]] ap. Plin. 17, 18, 29, § 126 (for tum [[vero]] [[denique]] [[after]] ut, Cic. Phil. 9, 4, 9, v. II. D. 2. α).—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>3</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Tum [[primum]] ([[rarely]] [[primo]]), [[then]] for the [[first]] [[time]]: tum [[genus]] humanum [[primum]] mollescere coepit, Lucr. 5, 1014: ludorum gratiā quos tum [[primum]] anniversarios in [[circo]] facere constituisset, Cic. Rep. 2, 7, 12; id. Sen. 21, 78; Caes. B. G. 7, 11: ponte sublicio tum [[primum]] in Tiberi [[facto]], Liv. 1, 33, 6; 2, 41, 3; 39, 22, 2; 2, 20, 6; 39, 49, 4; Vell. 2, 37, 5; Tac. A. 2, 27; id. H. 4, 57; Curt. 3, 12, 26. —<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>4</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With [[deinde]], hic, [[postea]], [[with]] [[consecutive]] [[force]] [[emphatic]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>a</b> Deinde tum ([[very]] [[rare]]): [[primum]] ea quae sumus acturi cogitare debemus, [[deinde]] tum dicere ac facere, Varr. L. L. 6, 6, 62.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> Tum [[deinde]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; = tum [[demum]] or tum [[denique]], [[then]] at [[length]], not [[till]] [[then]], [[then]] [[only]]: [[nonne]] [[optime]] [[patronus]] occurrat [[prius]] conviciis luxuriae, etc., tum [[deinde]] narret de bonis Pallae? etc., Quint. 4, 2, 27; 12, 10, 11: emam, aedificabo, credam, exigam, honores geram: tum [[deinde]] lassam senectutem in [[otium]] referam, Sen. Ep. 101, 4; Plin. 16, 44, 95, § 251.—So corresp. [[with]] cum: quas cum [[solus]] pertulisset, tum [[deinde]] [[comitia]] collegae subrogando habuit, Liv. 2, 8, 3 (Weissenb. [[demum]], by conj.); Col. R. R. 1, 6, 13. —<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; = an [[emphatic]] [[deinde]]: nam praetermisit [[quod]] in primā parte sumere debuit; tum [[deinde]] [[eodem]] ipso [[quod]] omiserat [[quasi]] proposito ad confirmandum aliud utitur, Gell. 2, 8, 3; 13, 24 (23), 1; Just. 2, 1, 19.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>c</b> With hic: hic tum [[repente]] Pacilius [[quidam]] accedit, ait, etc., Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 38, § 94: hic ego tum ad respondendum surrexi, id. Clu. 18, 51; 27, 73: hic tum injectus est hominibus [[scrupulus]], id. ib. 28, 76; id. Sest. 11, 25.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>d</b> Tum [[postea]]: tum [[postea]] complorantibus nostris, [[dies]] [[quidem]] [[tandem]] inluxit, Gell. 19, 1, 3; so id. 14, 3, 10 (for [[quid]] tum [[postea]], v. D. 1.).—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>5</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With [[interim]]: unum, alterum, [[tertium]] annum Sassia quiescebat ... Tum [[interim]], Q. Hortensio, Q. Metello coss. ... despondet ei filiam suam, Cic. Clu. 64, 179.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> With particles of [[emphasis]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Tum [[vero]] ([[sometimes]] tum [[enimvero]] or [[enimvero]] tum), [[then]] [[indeed]], at [[that]] [[crisis]], [[then]] if not [[before]], etc., or [[merely]] = [[emphatic]] [[then]], denoting [[either]] [[coincidence]] or [[sequence]] of [[action]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In gen.: discedit a Melino Cluentia. Tum [[vero]] [[illa]] egregia [[mater]] [[palam]] exsultare ... coepit, Cic. Clu. 5, 14; 22, 61; id. Agr. 1, 1, 3; id. Verr. 2, 5, 41, § 107: [[semper]] [[equidem]] magno cum metu [[incipio]] dicere ... tum [[vero]] ita [[sum]] [[perturbatus]] ut, etc., id. Clu. 18, 51: tum [[vero]] dubitandum non existimavit [[quin]] ad eos proficisceretur, Caes. B. G. 2, 8; 5, 37; id. B. C. 1, 82; 2, 42: [[Aruns]] [[Tarquinius]] et [[Tullia]] [[minor]] ... junguntur nuptiis. Tum [[vero]] in [[dies]] infestior Tulli [[senectus]] ... coepit esse, Liv. 1, 47, 1; 2, 22, 6; 4, 49, 13; 10, 19, 12; 21, 45, 9; 21, 58, 5; Ov. M. 2, 227; 7, 685; Curt. 4, 13, 1; 3, 11, 5; Tac. Agr. 37.—And in enumerations: [[deinde]] ... [[post]] [[autem]] ... tum [[vero]] ipsam veterem Karthaginem vendunt, Cic. Agr. 1, 2, 5.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; As correlative of [[temporal]] or conditional clauses, and [[after]] abl. absol.: [[quod]] ubi Romam est nuntiatum, senatui metum injecit ne tum [[vero]] sustineri nec in urbe [[seditio]], nec in castris posset, Liv. 5, 7, 4; Sall. J. 94, 3: tum [[vero]] ... si, Cic. Fin. 1, 19, 63; Liv. 6, 14, 4 (v. II. M. 1. α, β).—With cum, Liv. 32, 12, 1: quae [[postquam]] [[frustra]] temptata rogumque parari ... vidit, Tum [[vero]] [[gemitus]] ... Edidit, Ov. M. 2, 621; Sall. J. 106, 6; 84, 1; id. Cat. 51, 40; v. C. 1. b. (so, tum [[vero]] [[denique]] [[after]] ut, Cic. Phil. 9, 4, 9; v. II. D. 2. and M. 1.).—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Tum [[quidem]], at [[that]] [[time]], [[thereupon]], [[then]] at [[least]] (usu. opposed to a [[later]] [[time]]): dixit sibi in somnis [[visum]] esse, etc. Et tum [[quidem]] [[incolumis]] exercitum liberavit; [[post]] [[triennium]] [[autem]] devovit se, etc., Cic. Div. 1, 24, 51; so, [[actum]] [[quidem]], id. Fl. 25, 59; id. Lael. 11, 39: et tum [[quidem]] ab [[Dio]] [[Perseus]] in interiora regni recepit se ... [[post]] [[dies]] paucos, etc., Liv. 42, 39, 1; 1, 57, 10; 3, 2, 10; 7, 17, 3.—Often in resuming the [[narrative]] [[after]] a [[digression]]: ac tum [[quidem]] regem ... filium appellat, Curt. 4, 7, 25.—Merely [[emphatic]]: Duillio Cornelioque coss. [[etiam]] mari congredi [[ausus]] est. Tum [[quidem]] ipsa [[velocitas]] [[classis]] comparatae victoriae [[auspicium]] fuit, Flor. 1, 18 (2, 2), 7; so id. 1, 22 (2, 6), 20; 1, 40 (3, 5), 12.—With cum, Tac. Dial. 11.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>3</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Ne tum [[quidem]], not [[even]] [[then]]: num [[quis]] horum [[miser]] [[hodie]]? Ne tum [[quidem]], [[post]] spiritum extremum, Cic. Tusc. 1, 37, 89; id. Div. 1, 26, 55; id. Verr. 2, 2, 40, § 98: ubi ne tum [[quidem]] eos prodire intellexit, Caes. B. G. 1, 50; 7, 53; Tac. H. 5, 21; Curt. 3, 2, 18.—With cum: [[ille]] [[vere]] ne tum [[quidem]] [[miser]] cum ab Oroete in crucem [[actus]] est, Cic. Fin. 5, 30, 92; so id. Tusc. 5, 20, 57; id. Verr. 2, 5, 23, § 59; Liv. praef. 12; 39, 39, 11.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>4</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Tum [[maxime]] ([[sometimes]] tum [[cummaxime]]).<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Especially at [[that]] [[time]], [[chiefly]] [[then]]: [[illi]] συμπόσια, nos convivia [[quod]] tum [[maxime]] [[simul]] vivitur, Cic. Fam. 9, 24, 35; id. Leg. 2, 11, 26.—With cum: quae [[quidem]] vis tum [[maxime]] cognita est cum ... M. [[Cato]], legem suadens, in Galbam [[multa]] dixit, Cic. Brut. 23, 89; id. Sest. 21, 47; id. Par. 4, 1, 29.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Just [[then]], [[just]] at [[that]] [[moment]] (not [[ante]]-Aug.): regi, tum [[maxime]] captivos ex Illyrico vendenti, Liv. 43, 20, 3; 1, 10, 1: per totam aciem vulgatum est, [[castra]] amissa esse, et tum [[cummaxime]] ardere, id. 40, 32, 1; so, tum [[cummaxime]], id. 43, 7, 8: [[corpus]] [[enim]] suum a caupone trucidatum tum [[maxime]] plaustro ad portam ferri, Val. Max. 1, 7, ext. 10; 2, 10, 2; 3, 2, 2 fin.; Curt. 3, 4, 14; 6, 6, 10; Plin. 2, 63, 63, § 154; Quint. 2, 15, 30; 2, 61, 31; Suet. Caes. 65; id. Calig. 53.—So [[with]] cum: et [[quod]] tum [[maxime]] Abydum oppugnaret cum rex ab Attalo et Rhodiis [[ultro]] se [[bello]] lacessitum diceret, Liv. 31, 18, 2; Sen. Ira, 1, 15, 2.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(g)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Strengthening the co-[[ordinate]] tum [[after]] cum, so [[especially]]; v. I. C. 3. e. β (for cum [[maxime]] ... tum [[maxime]] and tum [[maxime]] ... cum plurimum, v. II. A. 3. a. b.).—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>5</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Tum potissimum = tum [[maxime]], [[just]] [[then]] ([[rare]]): C. [[Caesar]] ... tum potissimum acie commissa impeditos religione hostes vicit, Front. Strat. 2, 1, 16.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>6</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Etiam tum.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Even [[then]]: [[etiam]] tum vivit cum esse credas mortuam, Plaut. Pers. 3, 1, 28: totum se Servilio [[etiam]] tum tradidit, [[even]] [[then]], at so [[late]] a [[time]], Cic. Sest. 62, 130: [[etiam]] tum cum verisimile erit, id. Rosc. Am. 20, 57.— So [[with]] cum, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 59, § 154; id. Dom. 13, 23; id. Sest. 38, 81.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Still, as [[yet]] (also as one [[word]]; cf. [[etiamtum]], and<br /> v. the foll. [[additional]] passages), Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 19, § 41; id. Fin. 3, 14, 48; id. Rep. 2, 12, 24; id. Arch. 3, 5; id. de Or. 2, 3, 12; id. Brut. 20, 80; id. Off. 2, 14, 47; Caes. B. C. 3, 93; Liv. 5, 40, 10; Val. Max. 9, 6, 3; Tac. A. 3, 72; Suet. Claud. 27 fin.; id. Dom. 22.— And [[with]] a [[negation]], = [[nondum]]: ipsa ego non longos [[etiam]] tum scissa capillos, not [[yet]] [[long]], Ov. H. 8, 79.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>7</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Tum [[etiam]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Followed by si or cum, [[even]] if, [[even]] [[when]]: [[atque]] [[equidem]] filium Tum [[etiam]] si nolit, cogam, Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 65: qui tum [[etiam]] cum ... circumfusi erant caligine, Cic. Tusc. 1, 19, 45.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Then also, [[then]] [[too]], [[besides]]: tum [[etiam]] illud cogitatote, sic vivere Cornelium ut, etc., Cic. Balb. 28, 65; id. N. D. 1, 16, 43; so id. Leg. 1, 13, 35; id. Fin. 2, 16, 53; Col. 12 praef.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>8</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Tum [[quoque]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Also [[then]], [[then]] [[likewise]], [[then]] as [[before]], [[then]] as on [[another]] [[occasion]] mentioned [[before]]: ceu lapidem si Percutiat [[lapis]] aut [[ferrum]]; nam tum [[quoque]] [[lumen]] Exsilit, Lucr. 6, 162: tum [[quoque]] homini [[plus]] tribui [[quam]] [[nescio]] cui necessitati, Cic. Prov. Cons. 11, 28: tum [[quoque]] multis milibus Latinorum in civitatem acceptis, Liv. 1, 33, 5; 2, 52, 2; 21, 22, 4; Caes. B. C. 3, 37; Ov. M. 14, 369.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Even [[then]], = [[etiam]] tum ([[rare]]): et [[tamen]] tum [[quoque]] se absentes triumphare credunt, Liv. 45, 38, 13; 39, 41, 3; 39, 47, 11; Ov. H. 17 (18), 190.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(g)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In orat. obliq. (v. I. A. 2.), [[even]] [[now]]: [[quod]] si Romani tum [[quoque]] aequa aspernarentur, Liv. 42, 62, 7. —<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(d)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; = sic [[quoque]], [[even]] under the circumstances, [[even]] as it [[was]], etc. (v. sic, V. 3.): ut si [[effugium]] patuisset in publicum, impleturae urbem tumultu fuerint. Tum [[quoque]] aliquotiens [[integro]] corpore evaserunt, Liv. 24, 26, 13; 40, 16, 6; 43, 4, 1; 9, 13, 9: tum [[quoque]], amputatā dextrā, navem sinistrā comprehendit, Just. 2, 9, 18.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>9</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Tum ipsum = eo ipso tempore, at the [[very]] [[time]], [[just]] [[then]], [[even]] [[then]] ([[only]] in Cic. in [[four]] passages; cf.: [[nunc]] ipsum): tota [[igitur]] [[ratio]] talium largitionum vitiosa est, temporibus necessaria, et tum ipsum ... moderanda est, Cic. Off. 2, 17, 60: quem [[quidem]] cum suā voluntate ex patriā Karthaginem revertisset, tum ipsum cum vigiliis et [[fame]] cruciaretur, clamat [[virtus]] beatiorem fuisse [[quam]] Thorium, id. Fin. 2, 20, 65 Madv. ad loc.: tum ipsum cum immolare velis extorum fieri [[mutatio]] potest, id. Div. 1, 52, 118: ita (oratores), non injuriā, quotienscunque dicerent, id [[quod]] [[aliquando]] posset accidere, ne tum ipsum accideret, timere, id. Or. 1, 27, 123.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>C</b> Tum [[with]] co-ordinating particles.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Tum [[autem]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; = [[praeterea]], and [[then]], [[besides]] (v. I. C. 1.): turpilucricupidum te vocant cives tui; tum [[autem]] sunt alii qui te volturium vocant, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 64: oves scabrae sunt ... Tum [[autem]] Surorum [[nemo]] exstat qui ibi [[sex]] menses vixerit, id. ib. 2, 4, 141; id. Mil. 4, 2, 13; id. Pers. 4, 2, 3; id. Poen. 5, 5, 34; 5, 7, 22; Ter. And. 1, 5, 34; id. Eun. 5, 9, 7; id. Hec. 2, 1, 14; 3, 2, 10: tum [[autem]] qui non ipso [[honesto]] movemur ... callidi sumus, non boni, Cic. Leg. 1, 14, 41; id. Or. 1, 58, 247; 2, 19, 80.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; = tum ... tum: visne [[igitur]] [[inter]] hos populos inambulantes, tum [[autem]] residentes quaeramus eisdem de rebus? Cic. Leg. 1, 5, 15.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(g)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; = eo tempore, [[with]] [[autem]] as connective: tum [[illic]] [[autem]] Lemnius ... uxorem duxit, etc., Plaut. Cist. 1, 3, 25: tum [[autem]] ex omnibus montibus nives proluit, Caes. B. C. 1, 48.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(d)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; But in this [[instance]]: uxori emunda [[ancilla]]'st: tum [[autem]] pluscula Supellectile [[opus]] est, Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 60; 5, 7, 25 sq.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; For tum [[etiam]], v. B. 7. β.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>3</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Tum [[praeterea]]: nam tui [[similis]] est [[probe]]. Tum [[praeterea]] talem, [[nisi]] tu, nulla pareret filium, Ter. Heaut. 5, 3, 20; so id. Ad. 3, 2, 47; id. Phorm. 3, 2, 33; Cic. Verr. 1, 18, 56 (v. I. C. 3. e. λ).—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>4</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Tum [[porro]]: tum [[porro]] venti magnam [[quoque]] tollere partem Umoris possunt, Lucr. 6, 623; 4, 829 (827).—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>D</b> Quid tum?<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In [[dialogue]], [[what]] [[then]]? [[what]] [[next]]? [[what]] [[further]]? [[novi]] ego hos pugnos meos. Ca. Quid tum? Th. Quid tum? Rogitas? Hisce ego, si tu me inritaveris, placidum te [[hodie]] reddam, Plaut. Curc. 5, 3, 49; so id. As. 2, 2, 83; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 47; 3, 5, 66; id. Phorm. 3, 3, 8.—And strengthened: [[quid]] tum [[postea]]? Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 41; id. As. 2, 2, 68; 2, 2, 79; Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 78; 4, 2, 9; 4, 7, 23; id. Ad. 4, 5, 15; id. Hec. 4, 1, 36: videsne abundare me otio? A. Quid tum? Cic. Tusc. 2, 11, 26.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In [[imitation]] of a [[dialogue]]: at mulctantur bonis exsules. Quid tum? Parumne [[multa]] de tolerandā paupertate dicuntur? Cic. Tusc. 5, 37, 107; so id. Quint. 22, 72; 27, 84; id. Verr. 2, 4, 59, § 132; id. Dom. 47, 123; id. Dejot. 7, 22; id. Phil. 1, 10, 26; Hor. S. 2, 3, 230.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>3</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; As [[emphatic]] co-ordinative in quoting the [[different]] items of a [[document]], [[law]], etc.: quive in senatu sententiam dixit, dixerit. Quid tum? Qui eorum coiit, coierit, etc., [[what]] [[next]]? i. e. and [[then]], [[listen]]! Cic. Clu. 54, 148; so id. Agr. 1, 5, 16; 3, 3, 11; id. Mur. 12, 26; id. Fl. 23, 55.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>E</b> Tum temporis = eo tempore ([[post]] [[class]]. and [[rare]]; cf.: [[tunc]] temporis): posterā [[die]] [[civitas]] principem suum, ac tum temporis consulem in [[foro]] expectabat, Just. 31, 2, 6.