κτάομαι: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: [[acquire]], [[win]], perf. [[possess]].<br />Other forms: Ion. ipf. [[ἐκτέετο]] (as [[varia lectio|v.l.]] Hdt. 8, 112), aor. [[κτήσασθαι]] (Il.), pass. [[κτηθῆναι]] (Th., E.), fut. [[κτήσομαι]] (posthom.), perf. [[ἔκτημαι]], [[κέκτημαι]] (Hes., Att.),<br />Compounds: Often with prefix, e. g. <b class="b3">ἀνα-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐν-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>, <b class="b3">προσ-</b>.<br />Derivatives: Also from the prefixcompp. (here not specif. noted): 1. Dat.pl. [[κτεάτεσσι]] (Hom., Pi., E.), sg. [[κτέαρ]] (hell.) <b class="b2">(acquired) goods, possessions, property</b> with [[κτεατίζω]] [[acquire]] (Il.), [[κτεατισμός]] (Man.; cod. <b class="b3">κτεαν-</b>). - 2. [[κτέανα]] n. pl., sec. a. rare <b class="b3">-ον</b> sg. <b class="b2">id.</b> (Hes., also Hp.), <b class="b3">φιλο-κτεανώτατε</b> voc. (A 122; Sommer Nominalkomp. 69), <b class="b3">πολυ-κτέανος</b> (Pi.). On [[κτεάτεσσι]] and [[κτέανα]] s. below. - 3. [[κτήματα]] n. pl. (Il.), also sg. (ο 19), [[goods]], [[landed property]], also [[domestic animals]] (Chantraine Rev. de phil. 72, 5ff.), with <b class="b3">κτημάτ-ιον</b> (Alkiphr., pap.), <b class="b3">-ίδιον</b> (pap. VIp), <b class="b3">-ικός</b> [[rich]] (hell.), <b class="b3">-ίτης</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Lycurg.; Redard Les noms grecs en <b class="b3">-της</b> 28); as 2. member a. o. in <b class="b3">πολυ-κτήμων</b> [[rich in possessions]] (Il.) with <b class="b3">-μοσύνη</b> (Poll.). - 4. [[κτήνεα]], <b class="b3">-νη</b> n. pl., rarely <b class="b3">-νος</b> sg. [[domestic animals]] (esp. Ion., hell.), prob. directly from [[κτάομαι]] with <b class="b3">νος-</b>suffix (Chantraine Formation 420; very complicated hypothesis in Egli Heteroklisie 48 f.); from it [[κτηνηδόν]] [[after the kind of animals]] (Hdt.), [[κτηνύδριον]] (pap.); often as 1. member, e.g. <b class="b3">κτηνο-τρόφος</b> [[cattle-keeper]] (hell.). - 5. [[κτῆσις]] [[acquisition]], [[possession]] (Il.; Holt Les noms d'action en <b class="b3">-σις</b> 82 ff.) with [[κτήσιος]] [[regarding the possessions]], <b class="b3">Ζεὑς Κτήσιος</b> as protector of possessions (IA.; Nilsson Gr. Rel. 1, 403 ff.); dimin. <b class="b3">κτησ(ε</b>) [[ίδιον]] (Arr.). - 6. [[κτεάτειρα]] f. <b class="b2">who possesses (fem.)</b> (A. Ag. 356 ), archaising after [[κτεάτεσσι]] a. o. for <b class="b3">-κτήτειρα</b>, <b class="b3">-τρια</b> (in <b class="b3">προ-κτήτρια</b> [[former possessor]], pap.) to [[κτήτωρ]] m. [[possessor]] (D. S., pap., Act. Ap.) with [[κτητορικός]] (pap.); details in Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 29f., 1, 183 n. 1, Schwyzer 474 n. 3. - 7. <b class="b3">Φιλο-κτή-της</b> PN (Il.), compound from [[φίλος]] and [[κτάομαι]] with <b class="b3">τη-</b>suffix; Att. [[Φιλοσκήτης]] (Kretschmer Glotta 4, 351). -8. Verbal adjectives: [[κτητός]] [[to acquire]], [[acquired]] (I 408; Ammann <b class="b3">Μνήμης χάριν</b> 1,14); usually <b class="b3">ἐπίκτη-τος</b> [[also acquired]], [[newly acquired]] (IA.); [[κτητικός]] [[of what was acquired]] (Att.), cf. Chantraine Ét. sur le vocab. grec 137. - 9. Unclear is <b class="b3">ἀκτῆνες πένητες</b>, [[ἠργηκότες]] (EM55, 11); after Solmsen Wortforsch. 143 prob. from <b class="b3">*ἀ-κτη-ῆνες</b>. Except the rare and relatively late attested present [[κτάομαι]] all forms have <b class="b3">κτη-(ἔγκτασις</b> hyperdoric after [[ἔμπασις]]; s. [[πάσασθαι]]). Also [[κτεάτεσσι]], [[κτέαρ]] go back to a heteroklitic <b class="b3">*κτῆ-Ϝαρ</b>, <b class="b3">-Ϝατος</b>; besides [[κτέανα]] as rest of the old oblique [[n-]]stem <b class="b3">*κτη-Ϝαν-α</b>, which gave sg. [[κτέανον]], s. Schwyzer 519 n. 6, Egli Heteroklisie 32.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [626] *??[[eh₁]]/[[₂-]] [[rule]]? gain, acquire?<br />Etymology: The oldcomparison with Indo-Iran. present Skt. [[kṣáyati]] = Av. [[xšayeiti]], [[-te]] [[rule]], [[order]], [[have power]] is semantically unproblemtic, but formally already less convincing, as [[κτάομαι]] makes the inpression of being an innovation and the well established non-present forms of Greek have no Indo-Iran. agreements. A further problem was Skt. [[kṣáy-ati]]; this form does not continue <b class="b2">*ksǝi̯eti</b>; the solution is <b class="b2">*ksH-ei-</b>, which was unknown until recently; this solution can also be used to explain Skt. [[kṣa-trám]] - Av. [[xša-θrǝm]] [[rule]]. The equation of [[κτάομαι]] [[acquire]] and Skt. [[kṣáyati]] is therefore less evident. Cf. LIV 334, 562; EWAia 426 -- Pok. 626.