σύνθεσις: Difference between revisions

|Definition=συνθέσεως, ἡ,<br><span class="bld">A</span> [[putting together]], [[composition]], [[combination]], [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Phaedo|Phd.]]''93a, ''R.''611b; τῶν λίθων σύνθεσις [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Nicomachean Ethics|EN]]''1174a23, cf. ''IG''42(1).103.56 (Epid., iv B.C.), 7.3073.92 (Lebad., ii B.C.); τῶν σπονδύλων σύνθεσις Sor.1.102; [[storage]], τῶν μήλων σύνθεσις ([[quince]]s in a [[ῥίσκος]]) Phylarch.10 J.; but <b class="b3">ἐλαιῶν σύνθεσις</b> a [[preserve]] of [[olive]]s, ''Gp.''9.28.2.<br><span class="bld">b</span> in concrete sense, [[junction]], ὀστῶν [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[De Partibus Animalium|PA]]''658b19; [[συνθέσεις]] (λέγω τὰς γωνίας) Id.''Pr.''910b14.<br><span class="bld">2</span> in various technical senses:<br><span class="bld">a</span> in Grammar, [[composition]], <b class="b3">γραμμάτων τε συνθέσεις</b>, i.e. syllables and words, [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[Prometheus Vinctus|Pr.]]''460, cf. [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Metaphysics|Metaph.]]''1092a26; <b class="b3">σύνθεσις ἔκ τε ῥημάτων γιγνομένη καὶ ὀνομάτων</b>, i.e. [[sentence]]s, Pl.''Sph.''263d, cf. ''Cra.''431c, Arist. ''Po.''1458a28, Gal.15.487; [[Περὶ συνθέσεως ὀνομάτων]] = On the arrangement of words, title of work by [[Dionysius of Halicarnassus]]; also, the [[juxtaposition]] of letters in a word, Arist.''Rh.Al.''1434b34; of an [[author]]'s [[composition]], Isoc.10.11; so <b class="b3">ἡ τῶν μέτρων σύνθεσις</b> [[metrical]] [[composition]], Arist.''Po.''1449b35; <b class="b3">ἡ τῶν ἐπῶν σύνθεσις</b> [[Diodorus Siculus|D.S.]]5.74; <b class="b3">ἡ τοῦ παίωνος ξύνθεσις</b> the [[way]] the [[paeon]] is [[made up]], Plu.2.1143d; the [[constitution]] of things, Hp.''Virg.''1.<br><span class="bld">b</span> Math., [[synthesis]] of a [[problem]] (opp. [[ἀνάλυσις]]), Archim.''Sph.Cyl.''2.7, explained in Papp.634; <b class="b3">ἡ κατὰ σύνθεσιν ἀγωγή</b> [[synthetic]] [[procedure]], Id.412.2.<br><span class="bld">c</span> Math., <b class="b3">σύνθεσις λόγου</b> [[transformation]] of a [[ratio]] known as [[componendo]], Euc.5 ''Def.''14; [[κατὰ σύνθεσιν]] = [[componendo]], Archim.''Aequil.''2.9.<br><span class="bld">d</span> Math., [[addition]], Ph.1.11, Plu.2.1018c, Dioph.1 ''Intr.''; [[καθ' ἁντινοῦν σύνθεσιν]] = [[however many times added]], i.e. [[whatever number of times taken]] ([[multiply|multiplied]]), Archim.''Spir.''1:—also as [[Pythagorean]] name for [[2]], Anatol. ap. ''Theol.Ar.''8.<br><span class="bld">e</span> in Logic, [[union]] of noun and verb or of two objects of [[thought]] in a [[statement]], Arist. ''Int.''16a12, ''de An.''430a27; also <b class="b3">ὁ παρὰ τὴν σύνθεσιν [λόγος]</b> the [[fallacy]] of [[composition]], opp. [[διαίρεσις]], Id.''SE''177a33.<br><span class="bld">f</span> in Physics, [[composition]] of [[substance]]s, parts of [[organism]]s, from their [[elementary]] [[constituent]]s, Id.''PA''646a12, ''Top.''151a23; opp [[μίξις]] ([[combination]]), Id.''GC''328a6.<br><span class="bld">g</span> in Medicine, [[compounding]] of essences and drugs, τῶν μύρων Thphr. ''Od.''14, al., cf. [[Diodorus Siculus|D.S.]]4.45, Aglaïas 8.<br><span class="bld">II</span> [[combination of parts so as to form a whole]], <b class="b3">γενέσεις καὶ συνθέσεις</b> Pl.''R.''533b; <b class="b3">ἡ τῶν στρωμάτων σύνθεσις</b> Id.''Plt.''280b, cf. [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[De Partibus Animalium|PA]]''645a35, ''Metaph.''1014b37; in plants, Thphr.''HP'' 5.5.2.<br><span class="bld">b</span> in concrete sense, a [[social]] or [[political]] [[combination]], Arist. ''Pol.''1276b7; a [[military]] [[formation]], Ael.''Tact.''18.5.<br><span class="bld">III</span> [[agreement]], [[treaty]], Pi.''P.''4.168, ''Fr.''205; <b class="b3">πὸς τὰς συνθέσεις</b> [[in accordance with the agreements]], IG5(2).343.41,60 (Orchom. Arc., iv B.C.); [[ἐκ συνθέσεως]] = [[by arrangement]], [[Diodorus Siculus|D.S.]]13.112, etc.; συνθέσεις περὶ γάμων Plu. ''Sull.''35.<br><span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">σύνθεσις λόγων</b> [[making up]] [[account]]s, ''Stud.Pal.''4.70.391 (i A.D.); so σύνθεσις alone, εἰς σύνθεσιν τῷ βασιλεῖ ''PTeb.''714.6 (ii B.C.).<br><span class="bld">IV</span> [[set]], [[service]] (most freq. in Lat. [[synthesis]]):<br><span class="bld">1</span> [[collection of clothes]], [[wardrobe]], Dig.34.2.38.1; also, [[dress]], [[gown]], [[costume]], [[suit]], <b class="b3">συνθέσεις τελείας λευκὰς δεκατρεῖς, γυναικείας συνθέσεις</b> ''PHamb.''10.13,21 (ii A.D.), cf. ''[[Oxyrhynchus Papyri|POxy.]]'' 1153.23 (i A.D.), 496.4 (ii A.D.), ''PSI''10.1117.11,13 (ii A.D.), Mart.2.46.4, 5.79.2; [[synthesinam indutus]], Suet.''Ner.''51.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[service]] of [[plate]], σύνθεσις πινακίων ''BGU''781 i 5 (i A.D.), cf. Mart.4.46.15, Stat.''Silv.''4.9.44.