πειράω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=Il.8.8, etc.: impf.<br><span class="bld">A</span> ἐπείρων Th.4.25: fut. πειράσω [ᾱ] ib.9, 43: aor. ἐπείρᾱσα [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Coloneus|OC]]''1276, [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[The Knights|Eq.]]''517, Th.6.54: pf. πεπείρᾱκα Luc.''Am.''26:—Pass., aor. ἐπειράθην [ᾱ] Th.6.54; cf. [[πειράζω]].<br><span class="bld">B</span> more freq. in Med. [[πειράομαι]], Il.2.193, 24.390, etc.: fut. πειράσομαι [ᾱ] [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Coloneus|OC]]''959, etc.; Dor. 2pl. πειρασεῖσθε [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[Acharnians|Ach.]]''743, cf. Hippod. ap. Stob.4.1.94; later πειρᾱθήσομαι ''Gp.''12.13.12: aor. ἐπειρᾱσάμην, Ion. [[ἐπειρησάμην]], Od.8.120, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]7.135, Th.2.44,al.; but aor. Pass. ἐπειρήθην, Att. ἐπειράθην [ᾱ], found in med. sense, Il.19.384, al., [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]3.152,al., Th.2.5 ([[varia lectio|v.l.]]), 33, 6.92, and in later Prose: pf. πεπείρᾱμαι, Ion. [[πεπείρημαι]], Od.3.23, Pi.''Fr.''110, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]9.46, [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Fragments|Fr.]]''584, Antipho 5.1, etc.: 3pl. plpf. ἐπεπείραντο D.C.''Fr.''24.3, Ion. [[ἐπεπειρέατο]] [[Herodotus|Hdt.]] 7.125. (From [[πεῖρα]].)<br><span class="bld">A</span> Act., [[attempt]], [[endeavour]], [[try]], c. inf., μήτε τις… πειράτω διακέρσαι ἐμὸν ἔπος Il.8.8; πειρήσω ([[δύναμαι]]) φηλητέων ὄρχαμος εἶναι ''h.Merc.'' 175; π. ἐς τὴν Μηδικὴν ἐσβάλλειν [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]6.84, cf. Ar.''V.''1025, al.: followed by [[ὡς]]... Il.4.66, Od.2.316, etc.; by [[ὅπως]]... 4.545: c. Adj. neut., πολλὰ πειρῶντες Th.6.38; πάντα Plu. 2.1122b: with inf. understood, Th.7.32.<br><span class="bld">II</span> c. gen. pers., [[make trial of]] one, <b class="b3">μή μευ πειράτω</b>, for the [[purpose]] of [[persuading]], Il.9.345, cf. 24.433; of things, τευχέων A.R.3.1249: in [[hostile]] sense, [[make an attempt on]], μήλων πειρήσοντα Il.12.301, Od.6.134; <b class="b3">οὐ πειρᾶν τῆς πόλιος, πρὶν</b>… [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]6.82; π. τοῦ χωρίου Th.1.61; Νισαίας Id.4.70; ἀλλήλων Id.7.38; νυμφείας εὐνᾶς Pi.''N.''5.30.<br><span class="bld">III</span> abs., <b class="b3">ναυσὶ π.</b> [[make an attempt]] by sea, Th.4.25; <b class="b3">π. ἐπὶ τὴν κώμην</b> ib.43.<br><span class="bld">IV</span> c. acc. rei, [[experience]], τύχης ἐπήρειαν Luc.''Am.''46.<br><span class="bld">2</span> c. acc. pers., [[make an attempt on]] a woman's [[honour]], [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[The Knights|Eq.]]''517 (ubiv. Sch.), ''Pl.'' 150, 1067, Lys.1.12, [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''5.2.28, etc.:—Pass., πειραθεὶς ὁ Ἁρμόδιος ὑπὸ Ἱππάρχου Th.6.54, cf. Pl. ''Phdr.''227c; v. infr. B. IV, cf. [[πεῖρα]] II.<br><span class="bld">B</span> more freq. in Med., c. inf., [[try to]] do, Il.4.5, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]5.71, 6.138, al., Ar.''Pl.''459, X.''Oec.''6.2, Lys. 12.64, Isoc.3.41, Pl. ''Tht.'' 186b: c. fut. inf., J.''AJ''17.8.4: the inf. is sometimes understood, [[πειρήσεται]] (''[[sc.]]'' [[ἀλύξαι]]) Od.4.417: followed by [[εἰ]], Il.13.806, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Phaedo|Phd.]]'' 95b; πειρήσεται αἴ κε θέῃσιν Il.18.601; by [[ἐάν]] or [[ἄν]], [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[Prometheus Vinctus|Pr.]]''327, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Leges|Lg.]]''638e; by [[μὴ]]... [[lest]]... Od.21.394; by [[ὅπως]]... X.''An.''3.2.3: c. part., freq. in [[Herodotus|Hdt.]], ἐπειρᾶτο ἐπιών 1.77; [[προσβαίνων]] ib.84; π. βιώμενοι 4.139; π. ἀποσχίζων 6.9, cf. 5,50, 7.139, al.; π. σκοπῶν Pl. ''Tht.'' 190e† c. neut. Adj., <b class="b3">τὰ μεγάλα καὶ τὰ μικρὰ π.</b> [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''1.5.14.<br><span class="bld">II</span> most freq. (V.A. 11) c. gen.,<br><span class="bld">1</span> c. gen. pers., [[make trial of]] one, Il.10.444, Od.13.336, etc.; <b class="b3">νῦν σεῦ, ξεῖνε, ὀΐω πειρήσεσθαι, εἰ</b>… 19.215; ἕο αὐτοῦ ἐν ἔντεσι… εἰ οἷ ἐφαρμόσσειε Il.19.384; with [[genitive]] not expressed, ἔπεσιν πειρήσομαι 2.73; <b class="b3">ἦ πρῶτ' ἐξερέοιτο ἕκαστά τε πειρήσαιτο</b> [[test]] him in each particular, Od.4.119 ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] [[μυθήσαιτο]]) <b class="b3">; π. θεοῦ</b> [[make trial of]], [[tempt]] a god, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]6.86. γ, cf. A.''Ag.'' 1663 (troch.): in hostile sense, πρὶν πειρήσαιτ' Ἀχιλῆος Il.21.580 (with acc. cogn. added ἀέθλους… ἐπειρήσαντ' Ὀδυσῆος Od.8.23): freq. in [[Herodotus|Hdt.]], esp. <b class="b3">ἀλλήλων πειρᾶσθαι</b>, as ἐπειρῶντο κατὰ τὸ ἰσχυρὸν ἀλλήλων 1.76; πειρᾶσθέ μου γυναικὸς ὡς ἀφράσμονος A.''Ag.'' 1401, etc.; <b class="b3">π. τῆς Πελοποννήσου</b> [[make an attempt]] on it, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]8.100; π. τοῦ τείχους Th.2.81.<br><span class="bld">2</span> c. gen. rei, [[make proof]] or [[trial of]]... σθένεος Il. 15.359; ἥβης 23.432; <b class="b3">χειρῶν καὶ σθένεος π., ἢ… ἦ</b>… Od. 21.282; [[try one's chance at]] or in a work or contest, ἔργου 18.369; [[ἀέθλου]], [[ἀέθλων]], Il.23.707, Od. 8.100, etc.; [[παλαιμοσύνη]]ς ib. 126; [[make proof of]], [[try]] a weapon, τόξου 21.159,180; [[νευρῆς]] ib.410 (but [ὀϊστοί,] τῶν τάχ' ἔμελλον πειρήσεσθαι arrows whose force they were soon [[to make trial of]], i.e. [[feel]], ib. 418); also, [[make proof of]], [[have experience of]], especially in pf. Pass., first in Hes., νηῶν ''Op.''660; οὐ πεπειρημένοι πρότερον [οἱ] Αἰγύπτιοι Ἑλλήνων [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]4.159, cf. [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Phaedo|Phd.]]'' 118; <b class="b3">πειρασάμενος ἀγαθῶν, δουλείας</b>, Th.2.44, 5.69, cf. Antipho 5.1; κακῶν D.18.253; <b class="b3">ὀρφανίας π.</b>, i.e. to be an orphan, Phalar. ''Ep.''49; but <b class="b3">π. τινὸς μετρίου</b> [[find]] him moderate [[by experience]] or [[on trial]], Plu. ''Aem.''8, cf. ''Arat.''43; also, <b class="b3">πεπείρανται ὅτι</b>… Lys.27.2.<br><span class="bld">3</span> abs., [[try one's fortune]], [[try the chances of war]], αἴ κε θεὸς πειρώμενος ἐνθάδ' ἵκηται Il.5.129; <b class="b3">πειρώμενος ἢ ἐν ἀέθλῳ ἠὲ καὶ ἐν πολέμῳ</b> [[making trial of one's powers]], 16.590; <b class="b3">Ἕκτορι πειρηθῆναι ἀντιβίην, ἢ… ἦ</b>… [[to try one's fortune]] against him, 21.225; <b class="b3">περὶ δ' αὐτῆς πειρηθήτω</b> (''[[sc.]]'' <b class="b3">τῆς ἵππου</b>) [[let]] him [[try]] for her, as a prize, 23.553.<br><span class="bld">III</span> [[make a trial]] or [[put a matter to the test]], ἐν σοὶ πειρώμεθα [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Philebus|Phlb.]]'' 21a: c. dat. modi, ἐγχείῃ πειρήσομαι Il.5.279; <b class="b3">ἐπειρήσαντο πόδεσσι</b> [[tried their luck]] in the foot-race, Od.8.120, cf. 205; σφαίρῃ 8.377; also <b class="b3">π. σὺν ἔντεσι, σὺν τεύχεσι π.</b>, Il.5.220, 11.386: but in pf., <b class="b3">οὐδέ τί πω μύθοισι πεπείρημαι</b> I [[have]] not [[tried myself]], [[have]] not [[found my skill]], in words, Od.3.23: abs., ὁ πειραθεὶς πιστεύσει X.''Eq.Mag.''1.16; <b class="b3">πεπειραμένος σαφῶς οἶδα</b> [[by experience]], Id.''Hier.''2.6.<br><span class="bld">IV</span> c. acc. pers., [[make an attempt on]] (V.A.IV.2), Διὸς ἄκοιτιν Pi.''P.''2.34.