ῥίπτω: Difference between revisions

ῥίπτω (view source)

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Spiros

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 {{elru
 |elrutext='''ῥίπτω:''' (impf. ἔρριπτον - эп. iter. [[ῥίπτασκον]] и ῥίπτεσκον, fut. [[ῥίψω]], aor. ἔρριψα, pf. ἔρρῑφα; pass.: fut. ῥιφθήσομαι и ῥῐφήσομαι, fut. 3 ἐρρίψομαι, aor. ἐρρίφθην и ἐρ(ρ)ίφην с ῐ, pf. [[ἔρριμμαι]] и [[ῥέριμμαι]]; adj. verb. [[ῥιπτός]]) и [[ῥιπτέω]] (только praes. и impf. ἐρρίπτεον)<br /><b class="num">1)</b> бросать, метать, кидать (δίσκον Hom.; κεραυνόν Pind.; ῥ. τί τινος Eur., ἐπί τινι Aesch. и ἐπί τινα Luc.): ἔρριπται ὁ [[βόλος]] Her. невод заброшен; ἐρριμμένος καὶ μεθύων Polyb. валяющийся пьяным; ῥ. τὸν κλῆρον Plat. бросать жребий; τραχεῖς λόγους ῥ. Aesch. бросать оскорбительные слова; λόγοι [[μάτην]] ῥιφέντες Eur. впустую сказанные слова; ῥ. τινὰ ἐς τὸ [[δυστυχές]] Aesch. ввергать кого-л. в несчастье; ῥ. [[ἀράς]] τινι Eur. бросать проклятия кому-л.; ῥ. κίνδυνον Eur. идти на риск; ῥίπτεις κυβεύων τὸν πρὸς Ἀργείους [[Ἄρην]] Eur. ты подвергаешь себя риску войны против аргивян; ῥ. αὑτὸν εἰς ἐλπίδας ἀπόρους Plut. принять рискованное решение;<br /><b class="num">2)</b> извергать, удалять, изгонять (τινὰ ἐκ γῆς Soph.): ἐκ χθονὸς ῥίψων ἑαυτόν Soph. добровольно отправившийся в изгнание;<br /><b class="num">3)</b> сбрасывать, сталкивать, свергать (ἀπὸ πύργου τινά Hom.; τινὰ εἰς τὸν Τάρταρον Plat.; τινὰ κατὰ и ἀπὸ πέτρας Eur., Plut.; [[ῥῖψαι]] ἑωυτὸν ἐς τὴν θάλασσαν Her.): ῥ. ἑαυτόν Xen. бросаться в пропасть;<br /><b class="num">4)</b> бросать, покидать (ῥ. τινὰ [[ἔρημον]] Soph.);<br /><b class="num">5)</b> отбрасывать прочь (μοχλὸν ἀπὸ ἕο Hom.; τὰ [[ὅπλα]] Xen.): [[πλόκαμον]] εἰς αἰθέρα ῥίπτων Eur. распустив (свои) кудри по ветру;<br /><b class="num">6)</b> подбрасывать, поднимать (τι [[ποτὶ]] νέφεα Hom.): ὀρθὰς ὠλένας πρὸς οὐρανὸν ῥ. Eur. воздевать руки к небу;<br /><b class="num">7)</b> (sc. ἑαυτόν) бросаться (εἰς θάλασσαν Xen.): ῥ. ἐπὶ λαιὰ καὶ ἐπὶ [[δεξιά]] Anth. метаться то влево, то вправо; [[ῥῖψαι]] πέτρας ἀπὸ τηλεφανοῦς Men. броситься вниз с высокой скалы.
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+{{etym
+|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">to throw, to hurl, to thrust, to bolt</b> (Pi., IA.).<br />Other forms: also <b class="b3">ῥιπτέω</b> (IA. since ν 78), iterative pret. <b class="b3">ῥίπτασκον</b> (Hom., Hes. Sc., <b class="b3">-εσκον</b> Nic. Fr.), fut. <b class="b3">ῥίψω</b>, aor. <b class="b3">ῥῖψαι</b> (Il.), pass. <b class="b3">ῥιφθῆναι</b>, <b class="b3">ῥιφῆναι</b> (Att.) with fut. <b class="b3">ῥιφ-θήσομαι</b> (S.), <b class="b3">-ήσομαι</b> (LXX), perf. midd. <b class="b3">ἔρριμμαι</b> (Orac. ap. Hdt., E., Ar.), <b class="b3">ῥερῖφθαι</b> (Pi.; Schwyzer 649), act. <b class="b3">ἔρριφα</b> (Lys.).<br />Compounds: Often w. prefix, e.g. <b class="b3">ἁπο-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀνα-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐν-</b>, <b class="b3">δια-</b>. As 1. member e.g. in <b class="b3">ῥίψ-ασπις</b>, <b class="b3">-ιδος</b> <b class="b2">throwing the shield away, coward</b> (Ar., Pl.), <b class="b3">-άσπιδος</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Eup.); cf. Sommer Nominalkomp. 93.<br />Derivatives: 1. <b class="b3">ῥιπή</b> f. <b class="b2">throw, thrust, gust of wind, sway, press, heavy movement</b> (ep. Il.) with <b class="b3">ῥιπίζω</b> (<b class="b3">δια-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b> a.o.) <b class="b2">to cause a gust of wind, to kindle, to fan</b> (Hp., Ar., Arist.), <b class="b2">to hurl</b> (Hld.), from which <b class="b3">ῥίπ-ισις</b>, <b class="b3">-ισμός</b>, <b class="b3">-ισμα</b> [[fanning]] (late); from <b class="b3">ῥιπή</b> or as backformation <b class="b3">ῥιπίς</b>, <b class="b3">-ίδος</b> f. [[fanner]] (com., AP ); on <b class="b3">εὔ-ριπος</b> s. v.; 2. <b class="b3">ῥῖψις</b> (<b class="b3">διά-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀπό-</b> a.o.) f. [[throwing]], [[hurling]] (Hp., Att., Arist.) with (<b class="b3">ἀπο-)ῥίψιμος</b> <b class="b2">apt for throwing away</b> (late; Arbenz 92); also <b class="b3">Ϝριψίδας</b> (Mantinea; cf. Kretschmer Glotta 5,265); 3. (<b class="b3">δια-)ῥίμματα</b> n. pl. <b class="b2">heavy movements, bolts</b> (Arion, X.); 4. <b class="b3">ῥιφή</b> (<b class="b3">δια-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>) f. <b class="b2">cast, throwing back and forth</b> (Pratin. Lyr., Lyc.; after <b class="b3">ῥιφῆναι</b>); 5. <b class="b3">ῥιπτός</b> [[cast]], [[thrown]] (S. Tr.), <b class="b3">μητρό-</b> ῥίπτω (Dosiad.); 6. <b class="b3">ῥιπτικός</b> <b class="b2">able for throwing</b> (Arist.-comm.); 7. frequent. <b class="b3">ῥιπτάζω</b>, <b class="b3">-άσαι</b> <b class="b2">to thrust back and forth</b> (ep. Ξ 257) with <b class="b3">-ασμός</b> (Hp., Plu.), <b class="b3">-αστικός</b> (M. Ant.).<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]<br />Etymology: The regular character of the formal system, which is built on an element <b class="b3">Ϝριπ-</b> (wit secondary shortening <b class="b3">Ϝριπ-</b>), shows that it is a (relatively) late creation. No convincing agreement outside Greek. The formally agreeing MLG [[wrīven]] [[rub]], [[wipe]], [[scour]], [[draw]], MHG [[rīben]] <b class="b2">turn rubbing </b> could be connected if we assume a basic meaning [[turn]] ("rub, throw with a turning movement"; cf. with the last Lat. [[torqueō]]); WP. 1, 280, Pok. 1159. A further analysis in <b class="b2">u̯r-ī-p-</b> "opens wide perspectives"; NHG [[werfen]] (prop. *'turn')not to [[ῥέπω]], [[ῥέμβομαι]], [[ῥάβδος]]{{)} s. vv.) etc. S. also [[ῥίψ]]. -- An IE <b class="b2">*u̯r-iH-p-</b> seems not a very probable structure; is the word Pre-Greek?
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