λῦμα: Difference between revisions

{{etym

|etymtx=Grammatical information: n.<br />Meaning: [[dirt]], [[offscourings]], [[purgation]], metaph. [[contamination]], [[revilement]] (A 314 a. Ξ 371, Hdt.); on the meaning Sinclair Festschr. Dornseiff 330ff. (with wrong connection with <b class="b3">λύω</b>). - <b class="b3">λύμη</b> f., often pl. <b class="b3">-αι</b>, <b class="b2">maltreatment (e.g. mutilation, flagellation), damage, violation, revilement</b>.<br />Other forms: <b class="b3">-ατος</b> n., mostly pl. <b class="b3">-ατα</b>,<br />Derivatives: 1. From <b class="b3">λῦμα</b>: <b class="b3">λύμακες πέτραι</b> H. (on alphab. wrong position); cf. <b class="b3">βῶλαξ</b>, <b class="b3">λίθαξ</b> a.o. (Chantraine Form. 379); <b class="b3">κατα-λυμακόομαι</b> <b class="b2">be covered with λύμακες `</b>(i.e. [[dirt]])' (Tab. Heracl. 1, 56); also <b class="b3">Λύμαξ</b>, <b class="b3">-κος</b> m. Arcad. rivername (cf. <b class="b3">ῥύαξ</b>, <b class="b3">σύρφαξ</b> a.o.; Chantraine 381 f.), after Paus. 8, 41, 2 because of the Nachgeburt (<b class="b3">λύματα</b>) of Rhea, in fact prob. because of the ooze (cf. Schulze Kl. Schr. 663, also Schwyzer RhM 77, 225ff. and Bechtel Dial. 1, 393; in detail deviat.). 2. From <b class="b3">λύμη</b>: <b class="b3">λυμεών</b>, <b class="b3">-ωνος</b> m. [[destroyer]] (S., E., Tim. Pers., Isoc., as <b class="b3">ἀπατεών</b>; Chantraine 163) with <b class="b3">λυμεων -εύομαι</b> <b class="b2">play the λ.</b> (Plb.); <b class="b3">λυμάχη</b> (<b class="b3">-χή</b>?) <b class="b3">ἡ εἰς διαφθορὰν λύπη</b> H. (after <b class="b3">ταραχή</b>? <b class="b3">στοναχή</b>?). Transformation of <b class="b3">λῦμα</b>, <b class="b3">λύμη</b> : <b class="b3">λῦμαρ</b> (Max. Astrol.; cf. Schwyzer 519). -- Denomin. <b class="b3">λυμαί-νομαι</b>, aor. <b class="b3">λυμήνασθαι</b> (rare <b class="b3">λυμῆναι</b>, <b class="b3">-ᾶναι</b>) 1. from ?<b class="b3">λῦμα</b> <b class="b2">purify (of dirt)</b> (Hp.), usu. <b class="b3">ἀπο-λυμαίνομαι</b> [[wash]], [[purify]] (A 313f., A. R., Agath., Paus.) with <b class="b3">ἀπολυμαν-τήρ</b> (tablecleaner' (ρ 220, 377); 2. more often from <b class="b3">λύμη</b> <b class="b2">corporally maltreat, damage, destroy,violate</b>, also with <b class="b3">δια-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-</b> (Ion. Att. Arc.; on the meaning Schulze Kl. Schr. 169, Fraenkel Denom. 49); <b class="b3">λυμαντήρ</b> [[destroyer]], [[violater]] (X.), <b class="b3">λυμάντωρ</b> (Timo, Epigr. Cyrene), <b class="b3">-τής</b> (S.) <b class="b2">id.</b> (cf. Fraenkel Nom. sg. 2, 55) with <b class="b3">λυμαν-τήριος</b> (A.), <b class="b3">-τικός</b> (Ph., Arr.) [[destroying]], [[violating]]. - <b class="b3">λύθρος</b> m. (after <b class="b3">βρότος</b>, <b class="b3">βόρβορος</b>, <b class="b3">πηλός</b>?), also <b class="b3">-ον</b> n. <b class="b2">clotted, thick blood</b> (Hom. [only dat. <b class="b3">-ρῳ</b>], Hp. Ep.) with <b class="b3">λυθρώδης</b> [[bloodstained]] (LXX, AP). With <b class="b3">λῦμα</b> : <b class="b3">λύμη</b> cf. <b class="b3">γνῶμα</b> : <b class="b3">γνώμη</b>, <b class="b3">χάρμα</b> : <b class="b3">-μη</b>, <b class="b3">βρῶμα</b> : <b class="b3">-μη</b> etc.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [681] <b class="b2">*luH-</b> [[dirt]], [[pollute]]<br />Etymology: With <b class="b3">λῦμα</b>, <b class="b3">-μη</b> agrees Alb. [[lum]] [[slime]], [[mud]] (IE <b class="b2">*lum-</b>); an agreement with <b class="b3">λύθρος</b> perh. in the Illyr. GN [[Ludrum]] (with IE [[dh]] or [[d]]); close comes also Alb. [[ler]] [[mud]] (IE <b class="b2">*leu-d(h)r-</b>). The nouns mentioned go back on a in Greek lost (and by <b class="b3">λυμαίνομαι</b> replaced?) verb meaning [[pollute]], [[contaminate]], which lives on in Lat. <b class="b2">pol-luō</b> (from <b class="b2">*por-luō</b>) and led to the verbal noun Lat. [[lutum]] = OIr. [[loth]] [[muck]], [[excrements]], [[dirt]]. Other survivals are Lat. [[lustrum]] [[puddle]], [[marsh]] and German rivernames like [[Lune]] and [[Lienz]] (from <b class="b2">*Luantia</b>); cf.<b class="b3">Λύμαξ</b>. - WP. 2, 406, Pok. 681, W.-Hofmann s. 1. [[lutum]]. Fraenkel Wb. s. <b class="b2">laũre</b>. On the GN esp. Krahe Beitr. z. Namenforsch. 6, 106ff. a. 242ff., Eisenstuck ibd. 7. 53ff. - (Wrong Specht KZ 68, 124. <b class="b3">λύ-μη</b> to <b class="b3">λύ-πη</b> with old variation <b class="b3">μ</b> : <b class="b3">π</b>.)

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